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Bacteria and Viruses
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What is a prokaryote? Microscopic Usually ____________ celled Usually have a cell wall, but no
membrane bound organelles
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Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells
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Archaea Bacteria “Ancient” bacteria Cell walls are chemically different than
other bacteria Found in extreme conditions ex. Yellow
stone national park hot springs.
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Characteristics of Bacteria Single celled Can be producers, consumers, and
decomposers. Live everywhere ie. Ubiquitous
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Bacteria Shapes Three Shapes
1. Rod- ___________2. _______ -coccus3. Spiral- spirallus
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Reproduction Binary fission- divides in half producing
two ___________ “daughter cells”
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How do bacteria exchange DNA? Three ways1. Transformation – takes in DNA from the
environment2. Transduction- happens when a virus
injects DNA into a bacterium 3. Conjugation- DNA is transferred from
one bacterium to another when two bacteria are joined together
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Bacteria Structure and FunctionOverview 1. Cytoplasm 2. Chromosome 3. Ribosome 4. Cell Wall 5. Gelatin Capsule 6. Flagellum
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cytoplasm Gelatin-like, flows inside cell
Contains everything cell needs to carry out life
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chromosome (genetic material) Directs cell
activities Provides directions
for all cell processes
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ribosome
Makes protein
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cell membrane
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Separates cell from its environment
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cell wall Supports and
protects the cell
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gelatin like capsule
Protects cell Allows bacteria to
stick to surfaces
Prevents bacteria from drying out
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flagellum (plural: flagella)
Whip-like tail that helps cell to move
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Virus Basics Virus are typically composed of a core of
_____ or _______ surrounded by a ____________
Can reproduce only by infecting _______________
Controversial- living or nonliving
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Structure
________ -protein coat includes proteins that enable viruses to enter the host cell Bacteriophages- viruses that infect
bacteria ________ -viral DNA embedded into host’s DNA
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Virus Structure Cont
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Viral Infections
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Living or DeadLiving Evidence Dead Evidence
Obtain and use _____________ Missing many characteristics common to life ie. cell structure, does not respond to stimuli.
Contains _______________ and proteins.
Cannot survive or reproduce without a host cell
Does not perform life functions