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Bab 3
Berpikir Kreatif
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Tujuan Pembelajaran
• Mengenalkan kreativitas sebagai modal penting
seorang wirausahawan
• Menjelaskan hambatan berpikir kreatif yang
dapat menghambat progress sebuah usaha
• Mengenalkan cara mengukur potensi kreatif
• Mengenalkan cara meningkatkan kreativitas dan
membebaskan diri dari belenggu
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Hambatan Persepsi
1. Membatasi penyelesaian problem dengan
asumsi yang tidak perlu.
2. Stereotyping: Berpikir konvensional
3. Terlalu banyak informasi
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Perspektif
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Finding Your Idea – October 8, 2009
The question is not
what you look at
but what you see
Thoreau
What’s UP!
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From idea to profit?
IDEA
OPPORTUNITY
CONCEPT
INSIGHT GENERATION
ENTERPRISE?
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8
DEFINITIONS OF CREATIVITY (1)
• Creativity is an ability to come up with new
and different viewpoints on a subject.
• It involves breaking down and restructuring
our knowledge about a subject in order to
gain new insights into its nature.
• Defining creativity is complicated because
the concept has many dimensions.
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9
DEFINITIONS OF CREATIVITY (2)
• Wertheimer…‟restructuring our knowledge‟
• Kelly and Rogers…‟understanding how we
think‟
• Maslow…‟primary versus secondary‟
• Rickards…‟personal discovery process‟
• Gilliam…‟making new connections‟
• Amabile…‟novel and useful ideas‟
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DEFINITIONS OF CREATIVITY (3)
„Being creative is seeing the same thing
as
everyone else, but thinking of something
different‟
Charles Cave
http://members.ozemail.com.au/~caveman
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INVENTION AND CREATIVITY
Invention is an act of creativity
that results in a device, process or
technique that is novel enough to
produce a significant change in the
application of technology.
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HOW IDEAS ARISE
• Generating ideas is not a chance process.
• Ideas appear to arise when people are
actually looking for them.
• It happens to people who are
– Curious or inquiring.
– Engaged in a search for opportunities,
possibilities, answers or inventions.
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13
IMPORTANCE OF CREATIVE THINKING
• Logical thinking is a series of steps that
extend what we know already, rather than
being truly new.
• The need for creative thinking arises from
the inadequacies of logical thinking.
• It is a method for producing insights that
might not be obtained through conventional
or traditional methods of logical thinking.
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CREATIVE THINKING IN BUSINESS
• Increasing number of problems have few or
no precedents
• Fewer tried and tested ways of approaching
them
• Creativity is a vital asset for leadership
• Business problems are usually open-ended
• Planning, organising, leading, controlling
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Berpikir Kreatif
• Melihat dengan sudut pandang baru
• Menemukan hubungan baru
• Membentuk kombinasi baru
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Pemikir Kreatif Selalu Bertanya:
Shape
Color
Use
Material
Part
Size
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“SCUMPS”
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Teknik “CREATE”
1. Membuat COMBINASI baru
2. Menggunakan Input yang RANDOM
3. Membuat ELIMINASI
4. Menggunakan ALTERNATIF
5. Mencoba Cara Pikir Terbalik
6. Kasus Ekstrim
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20
Three Components of Creativity
EXPERTISE is, in a
word, knowledge –
technical, procedural,
and intellectualCREATIVE-THINKING
SKILLS determine how
people flexibly and
imaginatively approach
problems.
MOTIVATION, the inner passion to solve the problem
at hand, leads to solutions far more creative
than do external.
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Teknik Visual Thinking
www.howstuffworks.com
ATM = Amati, Tiru, Modifikasi
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Tips Meningkatkan
Kreativitas
1. Tingkatkan penggunaan otak kanan anda
melalui stimulus visualisasi tujuan,
mempelajari seni musik, serta
berolahraga jalan kaki tanpa alas
2. Kenali hambatan kreatifitas anda, dan
lakukan rencana aksi untuk mengeliminir
hambatan tersebut
3. Biasakan berpikir berbeda
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OTAK KIRI OTAK KANAN
1. INTELEKTUAL
2. LOGIS
3. KATA
4. DEDUKTIF
5. TETAP
6. STATIS
7. HAPALAN
8. FAKTA
9. SEMPIT
10. DANGKAL
11. PASIF
12. JAWABAN
13. REAKTIF
14. SERIUS
15. BIMBINGAN
16. KETAKUTAN
1. EMOSIONAL
2. INTUITIF
3. GAMBAR
4. INDUKTIF
5. SEMENTARA
6. DINAMIS
7. PEMAHAMAN
8. GAGASAN
9. LUAS
10. DALAM
11. AKTIF
12. PERTANYAAN
13. AKTIF
14. PENASARAN
15. INISATIF
16. KEPERCAYAAN
PERBEDAAN ANTARA OTAK KIRI DAN OTAK KANAN
OTAK KIRI OTAK KANAN
1. PEKERJAAN
2. JANGKA
PENDEK
3. KAKU
4. PERATURAN
5. TESIS
6. TERTUTUP
7. STABILITAS
8. AKAL SEHAT
9. RAMALAN
10. KAKU
11. TAKTIK
12. BENTUK
13. DOGMA
14. MANAGER
1. KEHIDUPAN
2. JANGKA
PANJANG
3. FLEKSIBEL
4. RISIKO
5. SINTESIS
6. TERBUKA
7. PERUBAHAN
8. IMAJINASI
9. EKSPLORASI
10. SPONTAN
11. STRATEGI
12. ISI
13. PENEMUAN
14. LEADER
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Could you connect the 9 dots with 4 connecting lines ?
Don’t lift your writing instrument off the paper!
Brain Teaser
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People often assume that you must stay within the “box” created by the
dots.
Think outside the box…literally.
Brain Teaser
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Finally: Is it possible to do with 1 straight line without cutting the page?
Brain Teaser #2
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Had you made any assumptions about what the definition of a “line” is?
Every part of the problem/question can present a possible solution.
Nothing is impossible.
Consider every solution before deciding on the best solution.
Brain Teaser #2
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Opportunity Recognition
• The identification of unfulfilled desires in the market place
• The creation of ideas for servicesor products that satisfy those market needs
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Market:
• a group of people potentially
interested in buying a product or
service.
Opportunity Recognition
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Searching for ideas
• What you know
– Your experience
– Your company
– Your industry
• Swim downstream
– Your customers
• Swim upstream
– Suppliers
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Product vs. Service
• Product: something tangible that exists or is made, usually to be sold
• Service: Intangible work providing time, skills or expertise in exchange for money
Opportunity Recognition
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• The Internal Entrepreneur
–Turns hobbies, skills, interests into business opportunities
• Ex: Ben Cohen & Jerry Greenfield,
Ben & Jerry’s Homemade, Inc.
• Ex: Jasmine Jordan,
Tools for Living Magazine
Opportunity Recognition
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• Bisa datang KAPAN saja dan DIMANA
saja serta dapat timbul dari dalam diri
SIAPA saja, misal :
• HOBBY/ Kegemaran
• KEADAAN yang menyenangkan atau
tidak menyenangkan
• dsbnya
KREATIVITAS dan
INOVASI
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10/22/2013
1. DON’T STOP YOUR CURIOSITY
2. Be DIFFERENT !!!
3. THINK OUT OF THE BOX !!!
4. Push To The Limit !!!
5. GAGAL – PANTANG
MENYERAH
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10/22/2013 38
INOVASI
INVENTION IMPLEMENTATION
KREATIFITAS MANAJEMENKOMITMENVISI
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10/22/2013 39
• Kreativitas – Generating new ideas
• Visi – Knowing where you want to get
with it
• Komitmen – Mobilizing to get there
• Manajemen – Planning and working
to get there
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40
Types of Innovation
• Product vs Process Innovation
– Product innovations are embodied in the outputs of an organization – its goods or services.
– Process innovations are innovations in the way an organization conducts its business, such as in techniques of producing or marketing goods or services.
– Product innovations can enable process innovations and vice versa.
– What is a product innovation for one organization might be a process innovation for another
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10/22/2013 41
• Radical vs Incremental Innovation
– The radicalness of an innovation is the degree
to which it is new and different from previously
existing products and processes.
– Incremental innovations may involve only a
minor change from (or adjustment to) existing
practices.
– The radicalness of an innovation is relative; it
may change over time or with respect to
different observers.
• For example, digital photography is a more radical
innovation for Kodak than for Sony.
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• Competence-Enhancing vs. Competence-Destroying Innovation
– Competence-enhancing innovations build on the firm‟s existing knowledge base.• Creating opportunities to increase sales or market
penetration
– Competence-destroying innovations render a firm‟s existing competencies obsolete.• Eliminating an entire product line or type of
technology
– Would a firm ever want to destroy its own competence in an area?
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10/22/2013 43
• Architectural vs Component Innovation
– A component innovation (or modular
innovation) creates changes to one or more
components of a product system without
significantly affecting the overall design.
– An architectural innovation entails changing
the overall design of the system or the way
components interact.
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Small Business Survival Rate
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Global Entrepreneurial Activity
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10/22/2013 46
“Most people die at the age of
twenty-five but, they are not
burried until they are sixty”
( Benyamin franklin )
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10/22/2013 47
Kemauan & KemampuanKemauan & Kemampuan
KEMAMPUAN 100%
KEMAUAN:- PERCAYA DIRI
- MOTIVASI
- KONTINYU
KEMAMPUAN:- PENGETAHUAN
- KETRAMPILAN
- SIKAP
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10/22/2013 Kwu, 2008 48
PERCAYA DIRI
1. KONSEP DIRI (Self concept)
- FAKTOR PENGARUH: budaya, fisik,
intelegensi, emosi, keberhasilan, penerimaan
sosial, status, keluarga.
- CARA MENDAPATKAN : Intropeksi, umpan
balik, posittif thinking.
2. CITRA DIRI (Self Image):
- FAKTOR PENGARUH: Hub sosial, Hub dgn
Tuhan, Penilaian thd dirinya sendiri.
3. HARGA DIRI (Self esteem)
- Pengalaman/belajar, proses sosialisasi.
- Lingkungan keluarga, dan sosial
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FINDING A PRODUCT
• Investigate Local Material and Other
Resources
• Examine Import Substitution
• Study Local Skill
• Study Implications of new technology
• Use Industry Lists
• Attend Trade Shows
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7 BASIC IDEAS to START the business.
1. SOMETHING THAT YOU KNOW BETTER THAN OTHERS
• You know how to cook better, start a restaurant.
• You know much better about specific subject, teach.
• You can paint better that Affandi, be an artist.
2. YOUR FAMILY/FRIENDS HAVE THE SAME or SIMILAR BUSINESS:Learning from someone you trust is an easy entry point to a business,
introducing you to the supplier, to the way he does the business, etc. Here
comes the benefit of networking. If he has the same business, you can start
at different city, or you can make a joint venture.
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10/22/2013 51
3. THE SAME/SIMILAR BUSINESS AS YOUR EX-BOSS'.This is how most of the computer companies start. This also work for any
business with low barrier of entry, like opening shops, trading, small
manufacturing, or services.
4. YOU SAW OTHER PEOPLE DO IT, but DO BETTER THAN THEM.
You can make better : copy the concept, add some twist, do it in different
way or at different place/city.
Make saos better than -saos ABC-, or better agricultural machines, etc.
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10/22/2013 Kwu, 2008 52
5. EXTREMELY CREATIVE NEW IDEA of your own (or someone else).Originality is the art of hiding your sources ;). We sometimes have seen or
think of special IDEAS that might work, but what counts is the REAL ACTION
of implementing it. The higher the chance of success, the better results it
will be if the idea become successful.
FED-EX (sending from all places in USA to Dallas and send back again at
night), CNN (news only cable TV), POST-IT (those sticky yellow paper pads),
are some samples of this category.
6. YOU ALREADY HAVE THE CAPTIVE MARKET, OR SPECIFIC FACILITY
CCN (=KKN, Collusion, Corruption and Nepotism) anyone??.
7. The HOLYGRAIL of PARTNERSHIP and the cult of MONEY!
We can do some partnership with friends or -Angels- or -VC-.
Or we can also Franchise a business, or even buy out
a business.
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• Use “What if” Questions
• Play with the idea
• Challenge the rules associated with the problem
• Be a magician
• Be a child
• Be ambiguous…and look for the possibilities (geeh…that pen
is a pen, but it could be a pointer, a digging implement or even a weapon or
projectile)
• Go “hunting” for ideas from other fields…ideas that could
be creatively applied to your field of interest. (Like Guttenberg
who used the coin punch and wine press ideas to invent the printing press.)
Other Creative Thinking Techniques
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Sumber Ide
Edi Noersasongko
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Mental Locks/Barriers to
Creativity1. Focus on the right answer
2. That‟s not logical
3. Follow the rules
4. Be practical
5. Avoid ambiguity
6. To err is wrong
7. Play is frivolous
8. That‟s not my area
9. Don‟t be foolish
10. I‟m not creative
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NCMA Presentation
San Diego
Dec 17, 2008 ©
56
• T/F. The smarter you are, the more creative you are.
• T/F. The greater the risk taker you are, the more creative you are.
• T/F. The more „individual‟ you are, the more creative you are;
i.e., Creativity is a solitary act.
• T/F. Creativity is an „art‟ not a „science‟;
i.e., you can‟t manage creativity.
“Creativity and Creative Groups”, HBS
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Quotation
“Kreatifitas terdiri dari 1 persen
inspirasi dan 99 persen kerja
keras.”
- Thomas Alfa Edison
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©Al Strauss, 2004
Creatrix®
Challenger
Practicalizer
Modifier
Innovator
Sustainer Dreamer
Planner
Creativity
Risk-takingSynthesizer
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“In the middle of difficulty
lies opportunity”
Einstein
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You can’t have a dream
come true until.....
you have a dream!
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