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8 Kinds of Smart: Building on a Student's Assets for
Success in the Classroom Thomas Armstrong, Ph.D. - www.institute4learning.com
Somerset Pines Charter School
Pompano Beach, FL
August 13, 2014
.
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The 8 Kinds of Smart
• Word Smart
• Logic Smart• Picture Smart
• Body Smart• Music Smart• People Smart• Self Smart• Nature Smart
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Evidence for MI Theory
• Symbol Systems
• Cultural Value
• Developmental History
• Savants
• Brain Structures• Evolutionary Plausibility
• Other Species
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MI Inventory for AdultsCheck those statements that apply:Word Smart__ Books are important to me.__ I can hear words in my head before I read, speak, or write them down.__I get more out of listening to talk radio or spoken-word audio clips than I do from television or films.__ I enjoy entertaining myself or others with tongue twisters, nonsense rhymes, or puns.__ Other people sometimes have to stop and ask me to explain the meaning of the words I use in my writing and speaking.__ English, social studies, and history were easier for me in school than math and science.__ When I drive down a freeway, I pay more attention to the words written on billboards than to the scenery.__ My conversation includes frequent references to things that I’ve read or heard.__ I’ve written something recently that I was particularly proud of or that earned me recognition from others.
Logic Smart__ I can easily compute numbers in my head.__ Math and/or science were among my favorite subjects in school.__ I enjoy playing games or solving brainteasers that require logical thinking.__ I like to set up little “what if” experiments (for example, “What if I double the amount of water I give to my rosebush each week?”).__ My mind searches for patterns, regularities, or logical sequences in things.__ I’m interested in new developments in science.__ I believe that almost everything has a rational explanation.__ I sometimes think in clear, abstract, wordless, imageless concepts.__ I like finding flaws in things that people say or do at home and work.__ I feel more comfortable when something has been measured, categorized, analyzed, or quantified in some way.
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MI Inventory (cont’d)Picture Smart__ I often see clear visual images when I close my eyes.__ I’m sensitive to color.__ I frequently use a camera , iPhone, tablet, or camcorder to visually record what I see around me__ I enjoy doing jigsaw puzzles, mazes, and other visual puzzles.__ I have vivid dreams at night.__ I enjoyed art a lot in school.__ I like to draw or doodle.__ Geometry was easier for me than algebra in school.__ I can comfortably imagine how something might appear if it were looked down upon from directly above in a bird’s eye view.__I prefer looking at reading materials that have lots of pictures in them
Body Smart__ I engage in at least one sport or physical activity on a regular basis.__ I find it difficult to sit still for long periods of time.__ I like working with my hands at concrete activities such as sewing, weaving, carving, or model building.__ My best ideas often come to me when I’m out for a long walk or a jog, or when I’m engage in some other kind of physical activity.__ I sometimes get “gut feelings” about things (e.g. I actually feel it in my body).__ I frequently use hand gestures or other forms of body language when conversing with someone.__ I need to touch things in order to learn more about them.__ I enjoy daredevil amusement rides or similar thrilling physical experiences.__ I would describe myself as well coordinated.__ I need to practice a new skill rather than simply read about it, or see a video that describes it.
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MI Inventory (cont’d)Music Smart__ I have a pleasant singing voice.__ I can tell when a musical note is off-key.__ I frequently listen to music on radio, CDs, smart phones, or tablets__ I play a musical instrument.__ My life would be poorer if there were no music in it.__ I sometimes catch myself walking down the street with a jingle or other tune running through my mind.__ I can easily keep time to a piece of music with a simple percussion instrument.__ I know the tunes to many different songs or musical pieces.__ If I hear a musical selection once or twice, I am usually able to sing it back fairly accurately.__ I often make tapping sounds or sing little melodies while working, studying, or learning something new.
People Smart__ I’m the sort of person that people come to for advice and counsel at work or in my neighborhood.__ I prefer group sports like soccer, volleyball, or softball to solo sports such as swimming, jogging, and weight training.__ When I have a problem, I’m more likely to seek out another person for help than attempt to work it out on my own.__ I have at least three close friends.__ I favor social pastimes such as Monopoly or bridge over individual recreations such as video games and solitaire.__ I enjoy the challenge of teaching another person, or groups of people, what I know how to do.__ I consider myself a leader (or others have called me that).__ I feel comfortable in the midst of a crowd.__ I like to get involved in social activities connected with my work, church, or community.__ I would rather spend my evenings at a party than stay at home alone.
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MI Inventory (cont’d)Self Smart__ I regularly spend time alone meditating, reflecting, or thinking about important life questions.__ I have attended counseling sessions or personal growth seminars to learn more about myself.__ I am able to respond to setbacks with resilience.__ I have a special hobby or interest that I keep pretty much to myself.__ I have some important goals for my life that I think about on a regular basis.__ I have a realistic view of my strengths and weaknesses (borne out by feedback from other sources).__ I would prefer to spend a weekend along in a cabin in the woods (or some other solitary place) than be at a resort with lots of people around.__ I consider myself to be strong willed or independent-minded.__ I keep a personal diary or journal to record the events of my life.__ I am self-employed or have at least thought seriously about starting my own business.
Nature Smart__ I have pets that I love and/or enjoy animals when I’m around them.__ I enjoy gardening and/or like to have plants around me at home or work.__ I can find my way around unfamiliar natural terrain with some ease.__ I like to visit nature museums, aquariums, zoos, or other places that display living things.__ I prefer to spend my free time in some kind of natural setting (e.g. lakes, mountains, rivers, etc.).__ I sometimes just enjoy looking at clouds, mountains, trees, or other natural formations.__ I have an ability to identify different kinds of birds, plants, or other living things.__ I have a pretty highly developed sense of ecological awareness and/or sense of responsibility for helping to take care of Mother Earth.__ I enjoy TV programs , videos and/or reading about nature topics (e.g. Nature on PBS or National Geographic).__ I have been involved in organizations or clubs that focus on nature issues (e.g. Sierra Club, bird study group, hiking group, animal rescue etc.).
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Introducing MI to Students
• MI Pizza
• Experiences
• Games
• People
• Trips
• Displays
• Books
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Self Smart
Word Smart
Logic Smart
Picture Smart
Body Smart
Music Smart
Nature Smart
People Smart
MI Pizza
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Human Intelligence Hunt• Find Someone Who Can:
– whistle Mozart
– do a dance step
– recite four lines of poetry
– draw a picture of a horse
– share a dream they’ve had
– explain why the sky is blue
– say they’re feeling relaxed now
– name 5 common birds in this area
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My MI Profile (Students)Check those statements that apply:Word Smart__ I believe I am a good writer.__ I like to tell jokes and stories.__ I have a good memory for names, places, dates, or trivia.__ I enjoy word games.__ I enjoy reading books.__ I’m a pretty accurate speller.__ I like playing around with the sounds of words in puns, tongue twisters, and that kind of thing.__ I like listening to audio books.__ I enjoy finding out the definitions of words that I don’t know.__ I see myself as a verbal learner (learning best through words)
Logic Smart__ I can get really interested in figuring out how things work.__ I enjoy working with numbers (math, statistics etc.)__ I like my math class.__ I like playing video games or using apps that involve logical thinking.__ I enjoy playing chess, checkers, or other logical strategy games.__ I’m pretty good with logic puzzles or brainteasers.__ I like to put things in categories, charts, or other logical patterns..__ I enjoy science class.__ I’m interested in science-related topics.__ I see myself as a pretty logical thinker.
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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My MI Profile (Students)Picture Smart__ I can see visual images in my mind pretty clearly.__ I tend to daydream a lot.__ I enjoy doing art.__ I am a good drawer.__ I like to watch movies, videos, TV other visual programs.__ I like doodling and believe it helps me to think better.__ I enjoy building three-dimensional structures (e.g. carpentry, Legos, sculpture).__ I see visual images when I read.__I enjoy doing puzzles, mazes, or other visual activities. __ I see myself primarily as visual thinker or visual learner.
Body Smart__ I am good in at least one sport.__ I tend to twitch, tap, or fidget when I have been sitting for a long time in one spot.__ I am a good at imitating or mimicking the gestures and mannerisms of my firiends or relatives..__ I love to take things apart and put them back together.__ I generally like to touch or hold things to learn more about them.__ I have demonstrated skill in a craft (e.g. woodworking, sewing, mechanics)__ I can use my body effectively in a dramatic way to express feelings and ideas.__ I love dare devil amusement rides.__ I enjoy working with clay or other tactile experiences (e.g. finger painting).__ I see myself primarily as a physical learner.
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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My MI Profile (Students)Music Smart__ I believe I have a pleasant singing voice.__ I can usually tell when a musical note is off-key.__ I frequently listen to music on radio, boom box, smart phone, tablet, or other source.__ I enjoy playing at least one musical instrument.__ I can remembers the melodies of songs pretty easily.__ I hav a rhythmic way of speaking and/or moving.__ I sometimes find myself unconsciously humming to myself.__ I sometimes find myself tapping rhythmically on a table or desk when I am studying..__ I’m sensitive to environmental sounds around me (e.g. rain on the roof)__ I see myself primarily as a musical learner.
People Smart__ I enjoy socializing with my friends.__ I like being a leader in a group.__ People come to me to ask for help in solving a social conflict or situation.__ I prefer working or studying with other people rather than by myself.__ I belong to at least one club, group, organization or informal peer group.__ I like teaching things to other people.__ I prefer playing sports and games with others rather than by myself.__ I have at least one or more close friends.__ I believe I have a good sense of empathy or caring for others.__ I see myself primarily as a social learner.
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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My MI Profile (Students) Self Smart__ I feel like I’m pretty independent and/or am strong-willed.__ I have a pretty realistic sense of my personal strengths and weaknesses.__ I do well when I’m left to study on my own at home and school..__ I have a hobby or special interest that I don’t really talk much to people about.__ I think I know where I’m going in life as far as goals for the future.__ I prefer working or studying alone rather than with other people.__ I’m pretty in touch with my feelings and can express them appropriately.__ I believe that I’m able to learn from my mistakes.__ I feel really good about myself and what I am able to achieve in life.__ I see myself primarily as an individualist.
Nature Smart__ I like to spend time with animals.__ I like taking trips to natural settings.__ I’m able to notice details in natural formations (e.g. clouds, mountains, geology) that others might miss.__ I prefers to spend my free time in a natural setting.__ I have spoken out for the rights of animals, or the preservation of the environment.__ I have a good ability to identify different kinds of birds, plants, or other living things.__ I enjoy doing nature projects, such as bird watching or raising animals.__ I enjoy gardening or growing plants.. __ I do well in subjects at school related to living things and systems (e.g. biology, ecology).__ I see myself primarily as a naturalist.
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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Identifying MI in Your Students
• Observation
• Documents
• Records
• Colleagues
• Parents
• Students
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MI Inventory for StudentsCheck those statements that apply:Linguistic Intelligence__ Writes better than average for age.__ Spins tall tales or tells jokes and stories.__ Has a good memory for names, places, dates, or trivia.__ Enjoys word games.__ Enjoys reading books.__ Spells words accurately__ Appreciates nonsense rhymes, puns, tongue twisters, and other fun word antics.__ Enjoys listening to the spoken word (stories, commentary on media, talking books etc.)__ Has a good vocabulary for age.__ Communicates to others in a highly verbal way.
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence__ Asks a lot of questions about how things work.__ Enjoys working or playing with numbers.__ Enjoys math class.__ Finds math and computer (logic) games interesting.__ Enjoys playing chess, checkers, or other logical strategy games.__ Enjoys working on logic puzzles or brainteasers.__ Enjoys putting things in categories, hierarchies, or other logical patterns..__ Enjoys science class.__ Shows interest in science-related topics.__ Does well on Piagetian-type assessments of logical thinking.
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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MI Inventory (cont’d)Spatial Intelligence__ Reports clear visual images. __ Reads maps, charts, and diagrams more easily than text.__ Daydreams a lot.__ Enjoys art activities.__ Good at drawings.__ Likes to view movies, slides, or other visual presentations.__ Likes to draw or doodle.__ Builds interesting three-dimensional constructions using legos or other building materials.__ Gets more out of pictures than words while reading..__Enjoys doing puzzles, mazes, or similar visual activities.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence__ Excels in one or more sports..__ Moves, twitches, taps, or fidgets while seated for a long time in one spot.__ Cleverly mimics other people’s gestures or mannerisms.__ Loves to take things apart and put them back together again.__ Puts his/her hands all over something he’s/she’s just seen.__ Enjoys running, jumping, wrestling, or similar activities (e.g. running to class, jumping over a chair etc.).__ Shows skill in a craft (e.g. woodworking, sewing, mechanics), or good fine-motor coordination in other ways.__ Has a dramatic way of expressing herself/himself.__ Enjoys dare devil amusement rides.__ Enjoys working with clay or other tactile experiences (e.g. finger painting).
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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MI Inventory (cont’d)Musical Intelligence__ Has a pleasant singing voice.__ Can tell when a musical note is off-key.__ Frequently listen to music on radio, records, cassettes, or compact discs.__ Plays a musical instrument.__ Remembers melodies of songs.__ Has a rhythmic way of speaking and/or moving.__ Unconsciously hums to himself/herself.__ Taps rhythmically on the table or desk as he/she works..__ Is sensitive to environmental noises (e.g. rain on the roof)__ Sings songs that he/she has learned outside of the classroom.
Interpersonal Intelligence__ Enjoys socializing with peers.__ Seems to be a natural leader.__ Gives sound advice to friends who have problems__ Seems to be street-smart.__ Belongs to clubs, committees, organizations,or informal peer groups (e.g. cliques, gangs, etc.).__ Enjoys informally teaching other kids.__ Likes to play games with other kids.__ Has two or more close friends.__ Has a good sense of empathy or concern for others.__ Others seek out his/her company.
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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MI Inventory (cont’d)Intrapersonal Intelligence__ Displays a sense of independence or a strong will..__ Has a realistic sense of his/her abilities and weaknesses.__ Does well when left alone to play or study.__ Marches to the beat of a different drummer.__ Has an interest or hobby that he/she doesn’t talk much about.__ Has a good sense of self-direction.__ Prefers working alone to working with others.__ Accurately expresses how he/she is feeling.__ Is able to learn from his/her mistakes and failures in life.__ Has a good sense of self-esteem.
Naturalist Intelligence__ Relates better to animals (e.g. pets),than to people..__ Likes field trips to natural settings.__ Notices details in natural formations (e.g. clouds, mountains, geology, etc.) that others might miss.__ Likes to hang around the gerbil cage, aquarium, terrarium, or other natural objects in class.__ Prefers to spend free time in natural setting.__ Speaks out for the rights of animals, or the preservation of the environment.__ Has an ability to identify different kinds of birds, plants, or other living things.__ Has a pretty highly developed sense of ecological awareness and/or sense of responsibility for helping to take care of Mother Earth.__ Enjoys doing nature projects, such as bird watching, butterfly or insect collections, or raising animals..__ Does well in topics at school related to living systems (e.g. biology, environment studies etc.).
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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MI Inventory – Young Child Check those statements that apply:Word Smart__ is attracted to words (e.g. letter blocks etc.)__ enjoys talking__ engages in emergent writing (or is an early writer)__ engages in emergent reading (or is an early reader)__ likes to listen to and/or take part in verbal conversations.__ has a good memory for facts
Logic Smart __ asks lots of ‘’why’’ questions__ is attracted to numbers (e.g. number blocks etc.)__ likes to count__ likes logical patterns (e.g. one red block, two yellow blocks, one red block, two yellow blocks etc.)__ shows interest in science related topics.__ does well on Piagetian-type assessments of logical thinking
Picture Smart __ is attracted to pictures and images (e.g. illustrations in a book etc.)__ is highly imaginative__ enjoys art-related activities.__ draws well for age__ enjoys watching video other visual presentations.__ likes building with blocks or other construction sets
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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MI Inventory – Young ChildBody Smart__ is good with hands (e.g. building, making things, etc.)__ puts his/her hands all over something he’s/she’s just seen.__ enjoys running, jumping, wrestling, or similar activities__ shows ability in one or more sports__ has a dramatic way of expressing herself/himself.__ loves tactile experiences (e.g. finger painting, clay, etc.).
Music Smart__ is attracted to music (e.g. on TV, radio, CD etc.)__ loves to sing__ enjoys interacting with a Music Smart instrument__ remembers melodies of songs__ has a good sense of rhythm.__ has a melodic way of speaking
People Smart__ enjoys socializing with peers.__ shows qualities of a natural leader.__ likes to play games with other kids.__ makes friends easily__ has a good sense of empathy or concern for others.__ is good at resolving social conflicts
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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MI Inventory – Young ChildSelf Smart __ displays a sense of independence or a strong will.__ does well when left alone to play.__ has a good sense of self-direction.__ prefers working alone to working with others.__ accurately expresses how he/she is feeling.__ has a good sense of self-esteem.
Nature Smart__ relates very well to animals (e.g. pets).__ loves to be out in nature__ has strong feelings for protecting the natural world.__ is able to identify different kinds of birds, plants, or other living things.__ enjoys activities in nature such as bird watching, rock or insect collecting, or raising animals.__ expresses interest in a career relating to nature (e.g. forest ranger, veterinarian etc.).
Adapted from Thomas Armstrong, Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
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Boyle's Law – 8 Ways
Boyle’s Law
Word Smart – definition
Logic Smart - equation
Picture Smart – visual metaphor
Music Smart – mnemonic chant
Body Smart – mouth experiment
Nature Smart – scuba diving example
People Smart – cooperative simulation
Self Smart – personal reflection (“think of a time in your life….”)
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MI Lesson Plan Mind-Map
Objective
Word Smart - How can I use the spoken or written word?
Logic Smartl - How can I bring in numbers, calculations, logic, classifications, or critical thinking?
Picture Smart - How can I use visual aids, visualization, color, art, or metaphor?
Music Smart - How can I bring in music or environmental sounds, or set key points in a rhythmic or melodic framework?
Body Smart - How can I involve the whole body or the use of hands-on experiences?Nature Smart - How can I
incorporate living things or systems?
People Smart - How can I engage students in peer sharing, cooperative learning, or large group simulation?
Self Smart - How can I evoke personal feelings or memories, or give students choices?
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MI Lesson Plan Mind-Map
Word Smart - MEMORIZELogic Smartl - ANALYZE
Picture Smart - VISUALIZE
Music Smart - MELODIZE
Body Smart -DRAMATIZE
Nature Smart - NATURALIZE
People Smart - SOCIALIZE
Self Smart - PERSONALIZE
Tier II Vocabulary Words
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Memorize
Analyze
Visualize
Melodize
Dramatize
Socialize
Personalize
Using Multiple Using Multiple Intelligences to Intelligences to Learn New Learn New Vocabulary, Vocabulary, History, and History, and Other AppsOther Apps
Naturalize
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MI Lesson Plan Mind-Map
Word Smart -Logic Smart -
Picture Smart -
Music Smart -
Body Smart -
Nature Smart -
People Smart-
Self Smart -
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Things to Do Right Away
• Teach Your Students About MI
• Give Your Students the MI Inventory
• Use One or More New Intelligences in a Lesson
• Brainstorm MI Strategies with Colleagues
• Strategize Ways to Reach a Difficult Student
• Use the 8 Steps for Vocabulary Words
• Explain the 8 Kinds of Smart to Parents
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ResourcesArmstrong, Thomas. Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom, 3nd Ed.. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2009.
Armstrong, Thomas. 7 Kinds of Smart: Identifying and Developing Your Many Intelligences: Revised and Updated with Information on 2 New Kinds of Smart. , New York: Plume, 1999.
Armstrong, Thomas. In Their Own Way: Discovering and Encouraging Your Child’s Multiple Intelligences. New York: Tarcher/Putnam-Penguin, 2000.
Armstrong, Thomas. The Multiple Intelligences of Reading and Writing: Making the Words Come Alive. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2003.
Armstrong, Thomas. You’re Smarter Than You Think: A Kids’ Guide to Multiple Intelligences., Rev. Ed. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit, 2014.
Campbell, L. and B. Campbell. Multiple Intelligences and Student Achievement: Success Stories from Six Schools. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2000.
Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
Gardner, Howard.. Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. New York: Basic, 1999.
Hoerr, T. Becoming a Multiple Intelligences School. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, 2000.
Sacks, Oliver. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. New York: Touchstone, 1998.
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Contact Information
• Email: [email protected]
• Website: www.institute4learning.com
• Blog: http://institute4learning.com/blog/
• Twitter: @Dr_Armstrong