Download - Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom Also, the number of electrons in a neutral atom
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Atomic Number
• The number of protons in an atom
• Also, the number of electrons in a neutral atom
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atomic number atomic number atomic number 1 6 79
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Atomic Mass
• The number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus
• Since the mass of an electron is soooo much smaller than the mass of protons or neutrons, we do not include it in the atomic mass
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Showing atomic number and mass
7 Li 3
3 protons3 electrons7-3 = 4 neutrons
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How many protons, neutrons, & electrons?
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Ion
• An atom that has gained an electron is called an anion. It has a net negative charge.
• An atom that has lost an electron is called a cation. It has a net positive charge.
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Isotope
Atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses (but same atomic number)
WHY do they have different atomic masses?
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Isotope
• If two atoms are of same element, they MUST have the same number of protons (the same atomic number)
• But…. they can have different number of NEUTRONS. The more neutrons, the heavier the atom
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Hydrogen
• Hydrogen is the smallest atom.• Most hydrogen atoms have only one
proton and one electron (no neutrons)
1H
1
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One isotope of Hydrogen has a neutron
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Another isotopes of Hydrogen has 2 neutrons
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Isotopes of Hydrogen
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Isotopes of Lithium
3 neutrons 4 neutrons 5 neutrons
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Isotopes of carbon