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ATD Seating in Highly Reclined Seats
SAE Government Industry MeetingApril 04, 2019
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Outline
• Background – What and Why
• Overall Approach – How
• One Example – THOR 50th Percentile Male seating
• Observations
• Seating Data for All ATDs
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Background• Many ongoing studies of PMHS, ATDs, human models in reclined seats• How do current ATDs sit in reclined seats?• Examine the range of positions that the ATD could assume in a current
production seat• 2012 Honda Odyssey driver seat used
• Seat back reclined the most amongst the seats immediately available for this study
• Eight ATDs used in this study:
3*Large OmniDirectional Child
H-III 50th M, H-III 5th F THOR 50th M, THOR 5th F WSID 50th M, WSID 5th F
BioRID 50th M LODC* 10 YO
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Overall Approach• Identify landmarks on the ATD that should be recorded using CMM
• Include IR-TRACC locations, some rib locations, tilt sensor values
• Collect vehicle interior trim locations (B-Pillar, lower window opening, upper and lower edge of armrest, seat cushion) to record where the ATD head, ribs, and pelvis are relative to the interior
• At each seat back angle:• All seatback angles measured at head restraint post• Record the locations (CMM), document with photos• (0,0,0) at front door striker, X- forward, Y-to the right, Z-down• Record the shortest distances between the back of the head to the head
restraint/seat back, and the shoulder landmark to the seat back, head angle, pelvic angle, tilt sensor values (when available) for each test
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Overall Approach (Contd.)• Start with the ATD seated as in commonly used test procedures
(FMVSS, NCAP), if available
• Optionally, move the seat to the rearmost seat track location for the ease of seating the ATD
• Data collected can be translated forward to the baseline seat track location
• Recline the seat back in 5º increments, push down on the knees and push back on the upper body (perpendicular to the seat back); wait 5 minutes; measure
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Overall Approach (Contd.)• When the seat back is fully reclined, move the H-point forward
by 25 mm. • Assumption: Humans will scoot forward on the seat when reclined
• Rotate the seat pan and seat back to the maximum reclined angle
• Assumption: Humans will tilt back the seat pan when reclined
• Adjust ATD to maximum reclination (usually at the neck bracket and spine)
• Assumption: Users of the ATD will set the ATD to the most “erect” configuration to get closer to the seat back
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THOR 50th Percentile Male
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THOR 50th - Target Locations List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (all targets)E Abdomen (both IR-TRACC)F KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Striker (0,0,0)
A
B
C
D
EF
G
H
B
G
H
D
E
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Head, T1, T6, T12, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors
E
I
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Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views
Above w Neck adjusted 2 notches
Hip forward, seat tilted up
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Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Seatback at 11.4º (OSCAR) Slouch
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THOR 50th - Baseline Seating - Seat mid-track, seat pan lowest height, mid angle, seat back at 11.4°
- Pelvic angle = 32.5 °, Slouch Torso Position
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THOR 50th – Most Reclined- seat back 75 °, pelvis 25 mm forward, full rear with cushion tilted up, neck adjusted 2 notches
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Z-Ax
is (m
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X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating THOR 50th Male11.4° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Mid Angle Slouch Position
11.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Slouch Position
11.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Position
16.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
21.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
26.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
31.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
36.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
41.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
46.4° Seatback Angle /Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
51.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
56.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
61.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
66.4° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
69.7° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion
69.7° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / Erect Torso Postion / 25 mmForward75° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Tilted Up / Erect Torso Postion / 25 mmForward75° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Tilted up / Erect Torso Postion / 25 mmForward / Neck Adjusted 2 Notches 12
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Z-Ax
is (m
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X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating THOR 50th Male11.4° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Mid Angle / Slouch Position
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
75° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Full up / Erect Torso Postion/ 25 mm Forward / Neck Adjusted 2 Notches
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
Closest Point on Seatback to Back of Head
B-PILLAR REF
Door Ref
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0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
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11.4 11.4 11.4 16.4 21.4 26.4 31.4 36.4 41.4 46.4 51.4 56.4 61.4 66.4 69.7 69.7 75.0 75.0
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
THOR 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
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11.4 11.4 11.4 16.4 21.4 26.4 31.4 36.4 41.4 46.4 51.4 56.4 61.4 66.4 69.7 69.7 75.0 75.0
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
THOR 50th Male - AnglesPelvis Head T1 T6 T12
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Observations
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Observations• The shape/size of lumbar support has a noticeable effect on
head/shoulder clearances for Hybrid III and BioRID dummies• The THOR, LODC and WSID spines flex to allow more reclined postures
17H-III 50th Seat at 69.3º THOR 50th Seat at 69.7º
LODC Seat at 73.3ºBioRID Seat at 69.6º
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Observations (Cont.)• A large gap develops between pelvic flesh and thorax assembly.• Pelvic angle increases (THOR 50M: 33º -> 53º; H-III: 21º -> 47º)• Frontal impacts would likely result in submarining. Abdominal inserts may
need to be re-designed for reclined seating use.
18THOR 50th Male H-III 5th Female
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Observations (Cont.)• Large gaps develop between the head and head restraints or shoulder
and seat back for certain dummies (with stiffer spine. e.g. H-III)
19THOR 50th Seat at 46.4º
H-III 50th Seat at 47.7º H-III 5th Seat at 45.3º
BioRID Seat at 47.6º
THOR 5th Seat at 44.4º
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Observations (Cont.)• The neck, spine-pelvis attachment flexible rubber
element is deformed. May have questionable performance (creep) and shortened life
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THOR 5th
THOR 50th
lower thorax – pelvic angle: 6º to 25º
T12 – pelvic angle: -2º to 30º
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is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)WSID 50th
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X-Axis (mm) WSID 5th
Observations (Cont.)• Side impact ATDs: Changes locations of the head, shoulder and ribs
relative to curtains, daylight opening, B-pillar, armrest, door structures
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THOR 5th Seat at 44.4º
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Observations (Contd.)• Just because one can force an ATD into a certain seating position
does not mean that it will give meaningful results (biofidelity not established)
• Can be useful in comparing ATD responses to PMHS and Human Body Models to establish (or not!) biofidelity under those conditions
• Help with redesign of ATDs, vehicle interior, seats, primary and supplemental restraints
• Useful for addressing ATD use in front, side, rear impacts• Repeat with specific seat being considered
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www.NHTSA.govhttps://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/database/VSR/bio/QueryTest.aspx
BioDB Test # 11903 - 12029
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THOR 5th Female
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THOR 5th Female - Target Locations
List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (all 4 targets)E AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Bridge of noseJ Back of head
A
B
C
D
I E
F
G
H
J
Head, Upper, Mid, Lower Thorax, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors
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Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views
Hip forward and cushion tilted up
Cushion tilted up
Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 11.4º (Head level)
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THOR 5th Female - Baseline Seating - Seat Full Forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 19.4°
Pelvic angle = X: -0.1°, Y: 28.1°
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THOR 5th Female - Most Reclined- H-Point Forward 25 mm Seat Pan Adjusted/Back Down/Front Up at 75.3°- Pelvic angle = X: -2.3°, Y: 59°
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is (m
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X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating THOR 5th Female19.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
24.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost/ Mid Height / Mid Angle
29.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
34.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
39.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
44.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
49.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
54.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
59.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
64.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
69.4° Seatback Angle / Rearmost /Mid Height / Mid Angle
71.8° Seatback Angle / Rearmost / Mid Height / Mid Angle
75.3° Seatback Angle / Rearmost/ Mid Height Seat Pan Tilted Up
75.3° Seatback Angle/H-Point Forward 25 mm/Seat Pan Tilted Up
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is (m
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X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating THOR 5th Female19.4° HR Angle Rearmost/Mid Height/Mid Angle
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
75.3° HR Angle/H-Point Forward 25 mm Seat Pan Adjusted/BackDown/Front Up
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
B-PILLAR REF
Door Ref
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75
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125
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19.4 24.4 29.4 34.4 39.4 44.4 49.4 54.4 59.4 64.4 69.4 71.8 75.3
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
THOR - 5th FemaleBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
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-90
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75
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19.4 24.4 29.4 34.4 39.4 44.4 49.4 54.4 59.4 64.4 69.4 71.8 75.3 75.3
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
THOR - 5th FemaleHead Pelvis Up Thrx Mid Thrx Low Thrx
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H-III 50th Percentile Male
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List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC AbdomenD H-pointE KneeF AnkleG Heel point
AB
G
E
B
D
E
G
H-III 50th Male - Target Locations
C
CF
Head, Pelvic angles
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208 and Most Reclined Overall Views
Hip forward and cushion tilted up
Hip forward
Seat Mid Track, Mid-Angle; Lowest-Height; Seatback at 12.5º (OSCAR)
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H-III 50th Male - 208 seating - Seat mid track, seat pan lowest height, mid angle, seat back at 12.5°- Pelvic angle = 23.9 °, Head level (neck 3 notches rear of 0)- D-ring at full up
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H-III 50th Male – Most Reclined - seat back 75 deg - pelvis 25 mm forward - cushion tilted up
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is (m
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X-Axis (mm)
12.5° Seatback Angle (208 Seating)
17.6° Seatback Angle
22.6° Seatback Angle
27.6° Seatback Angle
32.6° Seatback Angle
37.7° Seatback Angle
42.7° Seatback Angle
47.7° Seatback Angle
52.6° Seatback Angle
57.5° Seatback Angle
62.7° Seatback Angle
67.7° Seatback Angle
69.3° Seatback Angle
69.3° Seatback Angle 25 mm FWD of Hpoint
75.1° Seatback Angle 26 mm FWD of Hpoint Cushion tilted up
Reclined Seating H-III 50th MaleHead, Shoulder, H-point, Knee, Ankle, Heel Locations
38
Seat at Mid Track
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39
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1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating H-III 50th Male12.5 Seatback Angle Seat at Mid Track
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
75.1 Seatback Angle Hpt X Fwd 26 mm Cushion tilted up
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
Closest Point on Seatback to Back of Head
B-PILLAR REF
Door Ref
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0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.7 42.7 47.7 52.6 57.5 62.7 67.7 69.3 69.3 75.1
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
H-III 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
40
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0
25
50
75
100
12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.7 42.7 47.7 52.6 57.5 62.7 67.7 69.3 69.3 75.1
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
HIII - 50th Male - AnglesPelvic Angle Head Angle
41
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H-III 5th Percentile Female
42
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List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD ChestE AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel point
H-III 5th Female - Target Locations
A
B
C
D
F
B
H
G
F
F
E
E
D
43
Head, Pelvic angles
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44
208 and Most Reclined Overall Views
Above w Head adjusted 4 notches rearward
Hip forward, seat tilted
Seat Full Forward, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 15.3º (Head level)
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H-III 5th Female - 208 Seating - Seat full forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 15.3° to get head level
- Pelvic angle = 20.6 °, D-ring at full down
45
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H-III 5th Female – Most Reclined - seat back 75 deg
- pelvis 25 mm forward - cushion tilted up
- head tilted back 4 notches
46
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
15.3° Seatback Angle (208 Seating)
20.3° Seatback Angle
25.3° Seatback Angle
30.3° Seatback Angle
35.3° Seatback Angle
40.3° Seatback Angle
45.3° Seatback Angle
50.3° Seatback Angle
55.3° Seatback Angle
60.3° Seatback Angle
65.3° Seatback Angle
71.2° Seatback Angle
71.2° Seatback Angle 25 mm FWD of Hpoint
75° Seatback Angle 25 mm FWD of Hpoint Cushion Tilted Up
75° Seatback Angle Neck Tilted Back 4 Notches 25 mm FWD of HpointCushion Tilted Up
Reclined Seating H-III 5th FemaleHead, Shoulder, H-point, knee, Ankle, Heel Locations
47
Seat at Full Fwd
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48
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200
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600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating H-III 5th Female208 15.3° Seatback Angle Seat at Full Fwd
208_BACK_OF_HEAD
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
75° Seatback Angle with Seat 25 mm FWD CushionTitlted Up Neck Adjusted
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
Closest Point on Seatback to Back of Head
B-PILLAR REF
Door Ref
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0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
15.3 20.3 25.3 30.3 35.3 40.3 45.3 50.3 55.3 60.3 65.3 71.2 71.2 75 75
Clea
ranc
e (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
HIII - 5th Female - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
49
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0
25
50
75
100
15.3 20.3 25.3 30.3 35.3 40.3 45.3 50.3 55.3 60.3 65.3 71.2 71.2 75 75
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
HIII - 5th Female - AnglesHead Pelvic
50
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World SID 5th Percentile Female
51
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WSID 5th - Target Locations List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (all ribs top center)E AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Elbow
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
G
F
B
52
Head, Thorax, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors
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Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views
Hip forward and cushion tilted up
Above and neck adjusted
53
Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 4.8º (- 6º Rib Angle)
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WSID 5th - Baseline Seating - Seat full forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 11.4° (-6 deg rib angle)
- Pelvic angle = 20.7 °
54
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WSID 5th – Most Reclined- Seat back 75 °, Pelvis 25 mm forward, Full rear with cushion tilted up, Neck adjusted to max
55
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating World SID 5th Female4.8° Seatback Angle / Full Forward / Mid Angle / WSID 5th Draft SeatingProcedure4.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
9.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
14.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
19.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
24.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
29.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
34.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
39.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
44.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
49.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
54.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
59.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
64.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
69.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
69.8° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / 25 mm Forward
73° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Full Up / 25 mm Forward
73° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Full Up / 25 mm Forward / Neck Adjustedto Max 56
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57
-1000
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating World SID 5th Female4.8° Seatback Angle/Full Rear / Mid Angle
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
73° Seatback Angle/Full Rear / Full Up/25 mm Forward/NeckAdjusted to Max
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
B-PILLAR REF
DOOR REF
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0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
4.8 4.8 9.8 14.8 19.8 24.8 29.8 34.8 39.8 44.8 49.8 54.8 59.8 64.8 69.8 69.8 73.0 73.0
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
WSID - 5th Female - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
58
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59
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
4.8 4.8 9.8 14.8 19.8 24.8 29.8 34.8 39.8 44.8 49.8 54.8 59.8 64.8 69.8 69.8 73.0 73.0
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
WSID - 5th Female - AnglesHead Pelvis Torso
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60
World SID 50th Percentile Male
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WSID 50th - Target Locations List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest (top bolt on each rib)E AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Elbow
A
I
B
F
D
G
H
E
B
C
F
G
H
61
Head, Thorax, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors
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Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views
Hip forward and cushion tilted up
Above and neck adjusted62
Seat Mid-Track, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 12.5º (OSCAR)
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WSID 50th - Baseline Seating - Seat mid track, seat pan lowest height, mid angle, seat back at 12.5°- Pelvic angle = X: -0.7°, Y: 0.4°
63
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WSID 50th - Most Reclined- 75.3° Seatback Angle - Seat @ Full Rear - Tilted Up - H-Point 25mm Forward - Neck Adjusted to Max
64
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating WSID 50th12.5° Seatback Angle / Original Seating / Seat @ Mid Track
12.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
17.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
22.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
27.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
32.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
37.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
42.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
47.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear
52.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Full Rear65
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66
-1000
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-200020040060080010001200
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating WSID 50th12.5° Seatback Angle / Seat @ Mid Track
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
75.3° Seatback Angle/Seat @ Full Rear/Tilted Up/H-Point 25mmForward/Neck Adjusted to Max
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
Closest Point on Seatback to Back of Head
Door
B-Pillar
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0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
12.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 71 71 75.3 75.3
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
WSID - 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
67
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-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
12.5 12.5 17.5 22.5 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 71 71 75.3 75.3
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
WSID - 50th Male - AnglesHead Pelvis Thorax
68
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69
BIORID 50th Percentile Male
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70
BIORID 50th - Target Locations
List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD Chest Point 1E Chest Point 2F KneeG AnkleH Heel pointI Bridge of noseJ Back of head
A
B
C
D
IE
F
G
H
J
Head, T1, T12, Pelvic angles from tilt sensors
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71
Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views
Hip forward
Hip forward and cushion tilted upSeat Mid-Track, Mid-Angle; Lowest-Height; Seatback at 12.5º (OSCAR)
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72
BIORID 50th - Baseline Seating - Seat mid track, seat pan lowest height, low angle, seat back at 12.5°
Pelvic angle = X: -0.1°, Y: 29.5°
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73
BIORID 50th - Most Reclined- Seat mid track, cushion low height, high angle, seat back at 75°- Pelvic angle = X: 1.4°, Y: 58.2°
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74
-1000
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating BIORID 50thHead, Shoulder, H-point, knee, Ankle, Heel Locations
12.5° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
17.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
22.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
27.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
32.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
37.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
42.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
47.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
52.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
57.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
62.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
67.6° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
69.3° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
69.3° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height and Angle / Hip 25mm Forward75° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Steepest Angle / Hip 25mm Forward
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75
-1000
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0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-20002004006008001000
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating BIORID 50th
12.5° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Lowest Angle
Back of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
75° Seatback Angle / Mid Track / Lowest Height / Steepest Angle/ Hip 25 mm ForwardBack of Head
Closest Point on Headrest to Back of Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Head
Closest Point on Seatback to Shoulder
B-PILLAR REF
Door Ref
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76
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.6 42.6 47.6 52.6 57.6 62.6 67.6 69.3 69.3 75
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
BIORID - 50th Male - ClearancesBack of Head to Headrest Shoulder to Seatback Back of Head to Seatback
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77
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
12.5 17.6 22.6 27.6 32.6 37.6 42.6 47.6 52.6 57.6 62.6 67.6 69.3 69.3 75
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
BIORID - 50th Male - AnglesHead Pelvis T1 T12
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LODC 10YO
78
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LODC 10YO- Target Locations
A
B
C
D
EF
G
List of targetsA HeadB ShoulderC H-pointD ChestE AbdomenF KneeG AnkleH Heel pointH
D
E
F
B
79
Head, Torso angles from CMMPelvic angles from inclinometer
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Baseline and Most Reclined Overall Views
Hip forward and cushion tilted up
Above w neck and thorax adjusted80
Seat Full Rear, Mid-Angle; Mid-Height; Seatback at 15.1º (OSCAR)
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LODC 10YO - Baseline Seating - Seat full forward, seat pan mid height, mid angle, seat back at 15.1°, Pelvic angle = 33.9 °, D-ring at full down
81
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LODC 10YO – Most Reclined- seat back 73.3 ° - pelvis 25 mm forward - cushion tilted up - neck and pelvis set to max angles
82
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-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-2000200400600800
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating LODC 10YO 15.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
20.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
25.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
30.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
35.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
40.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
45.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
50.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
55.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
60.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
65.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
70.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
70.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle / H-Point Forward 25mm73.3° Seatback Angle / Cushion Tilted up / H-Point Forward 25 mm
73.3° Seatback Angle / Cushion Tilted up / H-Point Forward 25 mm /Neck and Pelvis / Adjusted to Max Angles
83
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84
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000-1000-800-600-400-2000200400600800
Z-Ax
is (m
m)
X-Axis (mm)
Reclined Seating LODC 10YO 15.1° Seatback Angle / Full Rear / Mid Angle
Closest Point on Head Rest to Head CG
Closest Point on Seat Back to Shoulder
73.3° Seatback Angle / Cushion Tilted up / H-Point Forward 25 mm/ Neck and Pelvis Adjusted to Max Angles
Closest Point on Head Rest to Head CG
Closest point on Seat Back to Head CG
Closest Point on Seat Back to Shoulder
B-PILLAR REF
Door Ref
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0255075
100125150175200225250275300325350375400425450475500
15.1 20.1 25.1 30.1 35.1 40.1 45.1 50.1 55.1 60.1 65.1 70.1 70.1 73.3 73.3
Cle
aran
ce (m
m)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
Reclined Seating LODC 10YO - ClearancesClosest Point on Head Rest to Head CG Closest Point on Seat Back to Shoulder Closet point on Seat Back to Head CG
85
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-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
15.1 20.1 25.1 30.1 35.1 40.1 45.1 50.1 55.1 60.1 65.1 70.1 70.1 73.3 73.3
Angl
e (D
egre
es)
Seatback Angle (Degrees)
Reclined Seating LODC 10YO - AnglesHead Angle H-Point Angle Torso Angle
86