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Ashley SoCarly Starke
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Statement of the Situation◦ Identification of the
Problem Proposed Solution Background Ethical Issues Objectives Rationale
Materials Methods Data Analysis Implications Taking Action Conclusion
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Lack of biodiversity in animal species Unused space and empty land Development and construction
◦Decreases amount of plants Food source and habitat
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Butterfly & Hummingbird Garden◦ Wildflowers
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Local species to central NJ◦ Hummingbirds
Arrive mid-April and stay until early September Ruby-throated and Rufous
◦ Butterflies Migrate from south during spring Monarch and Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
◦ Habitat: warm and dry, protection Massed planting of one type Caterpillar food plant Weedy plants host to species Heights
◦ Food source: nectar
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Contribution to the ecosystem◦Biodiversity
Lost due to alteration of habitat, species in surrounding area, and climate change
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Rufous
Ruby-throated
Monarch
Eastern Tiger Swallowtail
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Wildflowers ◦ Attract both hummingbirds and butterflies◦ Source of food and protection
NJ climate◦ Growing season◦ Warm and dry◦ Warm days, cools nights
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Responsibility to care for environment Need resources, but also need to give back
◦ Give protection to species◦ Conserve
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Purpose: bring butterflies and hummingbirds to BTHS◦ Observe and record species
Flowers, hummingbirds, butterflies◦ Observe what plants species are attracted to
Effects of solution◦ Advantages
Habitat for species Biodiversity Observing nature
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Landscape designs to conserve species Sites with greater diversity of habitat types
and more varied terrain tend to have butterfly populations that are more stable over time◦ Woodland, grassland, heathland◦ Become adaptable◦ Change in climate◦ (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, 2010)
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Evolution of columbine flowers in North America ◦ Red, white, yellow◦ Plant population shift
Hummingbird-pollinated red flowers
Hawkmoth-pollinated white or yellow flowers
Natural selection to change flower color
◦ (University of California - Santa Barbara, 2009)
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Evaluate impact deer grazing can have on nest quality and food resources of birds
Decline of forest birds ◦ Disease, loss of habitat and increase in number
of animals that prey on bird nests◦ (Staedter, 2005)
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Area Moisture
◦ Water-accessible◦ Drainage
Percolation tests Sunlight
◦ Warm days, cool nights Practicality
◦ Away from sports◦ Visible from basketball
court
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pH Composition
◦ Minerals (Chlorine, zinc)◦ Clay, sand
Moisture, drainage
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Based on proportions of silt, sand, and clay
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Meter sticks, accurate to the nearest 0.1 m
Shovels Rakes American Meadows™ Butterfly &
Hummingbird Seed Mixture, 1 lb. ($24.95) Buckets Sand Hose (water) Scarecrow (optional)
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Wildflowers – extremely adaptable
Mix of perennial + annual blooms◦ First year
Sprout: ~2 weeks (8 days – months) Bloom: 3-4 weeks after sprouting Annual blooms
◦ Following years: Heavy perennial bloom + reseeded
annual bloom Store in cool, dry place (5 years)
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Botanical Name Common Name
Cynoglossum amabile Chinese Forget me Not
Cosmos bipinnatus Wild Cosmos
Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower
Gypsophila elegans Baby's Breath
Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket
Ipomoea purpurea Morning Glory
Lavatera trimestris Rose Mallow
Linaria maroccana Baby Snapdragon
Lupinus succulentus Wild Annual Lupine
Monarda citriadora Lemon Mint
Papaver rhoeas Red Poppy
Rudbeckia hirta Black Eyed Susan
Salvia coccinea Scarlet Sage
Silene armeria None-So-Pretty
Trifolium incarnata Crimson Clover
Tropaeoleum nanum Nasturtium
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Select
the seed mixture.
Pick your planting location.Plant your seeds.Water
the seeds.
Enjoy your flowers. The color, variety and beauty will astound you. Pick a bouquet and enjoy them in your home as well.
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Spring Clear area of all
existing growth◦ Particularly old
roots - competition Till ground
◦ Turn soil, rake area flat
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Next day◦ Windless
Amount◦ 1 lb. for 2,000 - 3,000
square feet◦ Up to 3x minimum
coverage rates◦ Too dense inhibits
growth
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Divide seed mixture in half Add 10 parts sand Hand-sow Repeat
Advantages◦ “Dilute seed”◦ Avoid missing areas
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DO NOT rake or cover with soil Compress seeds into soil
◦ “Seed to soil” contact Scare birds (optional) Keep soil moist for 2-4 weeks Weed by “clumping” (American Meadows™, 2010)
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Annual responsibilities:◦ Late fall: leave garden as is
Allows for any butterflies in egg, caterpillar, or chrysalis to survive winter
◦ Reseed annual blooms (optional)
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Observe and record types of plant growth and animal species◦ Photograph◦ Identify and classify species
Randomly select 10 plants of each type to measure average heights◦ Plot scatterplot of number of butterflies or
hummingbirds attracted to specific flowers To plan for future – which plants to reseed
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Monday, March 8◦ Place order (5 business days)
Tuesday, March 16◦ Till land
Wednesday, March 17 (after school)◦ Sow seeds
Thursday, March 18 – Thursday, April 1◦ Water area, weed
Thursday, April 1 – Thursday, April 29◦ Record types of flowers, plants, animal species
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Drawbacks◦Requires maintenance◦May decrease insect populations
Cost◦$24.95 for seeds◦Fundraising to decrease cost
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Education◦Raise awareness◦Asbury Park Press for publicity article
“Construction”◦Organize ordering of and gathering of
materials◦Coordinate maintenance of meadow
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Fundraising◦Contact American Meadows™◦Write to PSFA◦Write to local botanists or NJ planting
agencies◦Host fundraiser
Sell plantable paper
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Fundraising
Eco-Calendar◦Plant pages
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Benefit outweigh costs/effort Garden will:
◦Increase biodiversity of flora and fauna◦Increase aesthetic appeal of area
Costs:◦Work◦$30.00
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Any questions?
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American Meadows™. (2010). How to create your own wildflower meadow. Retrieved February 24, 2010 from http://www.americanmeadows.com/QuickGuideToWildflowers/WildflowerHowTo/WildflowerSeedPlantingInstructions.aspx.
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (2010). Conservation from space: Landscape diversity helps to conserve insects. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 26, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2010/02/100207214126.htm.
Sutton, P. (2009). How to create a butterfly and hummingbird garden. New Jersey Audubon. Retrieved February 28, 2010 from http://www.njaudubon.org/SectionBackyardHabitat/CreateaGarden.aspx.
Staedter, T. (2005). Deer decreasing forest bird population. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 26, 2010 from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=deer-decreasing-forest-bi.
University of California - Santa Barbara (2009). Study of flower color shows evolution in action. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/06/090629165110.htm.