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Artificial small-molecule peptide synthesizer
Leigh, D.A. et al. Science. 2013,339,189-193
Lingbowei Hu
Burke Group Literature Seminar
4.12.2014
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Framework of the small-molecule machine
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Background—nonribosomal peptide synthesis
PCP: peptidyl carrier protein
Chem. Rev. 2005,105,715-738
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Background—conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis
Chem.Rev. 2000,100,2091-2157
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Framework of the small-molecule machine
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Building block synthesis-strand bearing amino acid
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Building block synthesis-strand bearing amino acid 2
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i) Cu(MeCN)4PF6,TentagelTM TBTA,CH2Cl2:tBuOH=1:1
ii) AgNO3, acetone:H2O=4:1, 43% over, 2 steps
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Building block synthesis-strand bearing amino acid 3
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Building block synthesis—rotaxane formation
Cu(MeCN)4PF6,CH2Cl2:tBuOH=1:17d, 32% yield
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Building block synthesis—rotaxane formation 2
PhNH2(cat.), DMSO:MES-buffer=3:190% yield
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Small-molecule machine—ready, go!
Reaction condition: 60oC under microwave heating, MeCN:DMF=3:1N,N-diisopropylethylamine, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, 36h
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Identification of the products
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• Neither peptide with different sequences nor with more or less than one Phe, Leu or Ala residue was found
• In a control experiment where nonthreaded strand and macrocycle were used, several products were found but no desired product was detected
Peptide synthesis occurs overwhelmingly within the confines of the molecular machine
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• The yield of rotaxane was increased through a change of sequence in the synthetic route
• A seven peptide containing chain was synthesized
Recent progress
Leigh,D.A. et al. JACS, 2014. ASAP
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• Demonstrated more or less the potential of small-molecule machines
• The design could be employed in other types of reactions
• Application?
• Long reaction time due to the movement of the macrocycle, low efficiency, rotaxane building is labor intense
-12h per amide bond, 30% yield (53%yield in subsequent work)
-Ribosome:15 to 20 amide bonds per second
-Conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis: 2 to 4 hours per bond
Discussion
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• The first three Cys-Gly-Gly is required for successful synthesis
• The size of the oligopeptide chain is restrict by the design of the machine
Discussion 2
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• Strand has to be synthesized separately for different peptides, combined in desired sequence manually and the sequence information is lost after it is translated into the product
Discussion 3
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• The scope of amino acid substrate was not demonstrated. There might be problems with certain amino acids such as Lys, Arg, Cys
Discussion 4
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• The first small-molecule peptide synthesizer which resembles peptide synthesis of ribosome was synthesized and proved to work
• Up to 4 amino acids can be attached in specific sequence to an certain 3-amino-acid peptide chain, with a rate of approximately 12h per amino acid
• Although inspiring, the further development of this system faces a lot restrictions and challenges
Summary
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