Supporting Information
Novel fluoride-substituted donor/acceptor polymers containing benzodithiophene and quinoxaline units for use in low–band gap solar cells
Ashutosh Singh, Ravinder Singh, Chein-Min Lin, Murali Krishna Pola, Chiao-Kai Chang, Kung-Hwa Wei*, Hong-Cheu Lin*
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300.
1. Fig. S1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S2
2. Fig S2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S3
3. Fig S3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S4
4. Fig S4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S5
5. Fig S4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S6
6. Table S1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S7
7. Table S2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S8
8. Table S3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S9
9. Table S4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S10
10. Fig S5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S11
11. 1H-NMR data of intermediate 5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S12
12. 1H-NMR data of intermediate AM1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S13
13. 13C-NMR data of intermediate AM1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S14
14. 1H-NMR data of intermediate AM2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S15
15. 1H-NMR data of intermediate AM2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page S16
16, 1H-NMR data of polymers------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------page S17-20
17. Elementary analysis mass data of AM1 and AM2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ page S21
18. Elementary analysis mass data of DM1 and DM2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ page S22
19. Elementary analysis mass data of PTF1, POF1, PTF2, and POF2 ---------------------------------------------------- page S23
S1
Fig. S1. Basic device structure of the polymer solar cells.
S2
Fig. S2. FTIR spectra of polymers PTF1, POF1, PTF2, and POF2.
S3
Fig. S3. XRD data of polymers PTF1, POF1, PTF2, and POF2.
S4
Fig. S4. TGA and their corresponding thermogravimetric derivative (DTG) data of polymers (a) PTF1, (b) POF1, (c) PTF2, and (d) POF2 at a heating rate of 20 °C/min.
S5
Fig. S5. DSC data of polymers PTF1, POF1, PTF2, and POF2 at a heating rate of 10 °C/min.
S6
Table S1 Performances of photovoltaic devices incorporating the polymer PTF1 blended with PC60BM or PC70BM.
PTF1:PC60BM/ PC70BM
RPM/ Concentrationa
[mg mL–1]
Anneal [°C]
Voc [V] Jsc [mA cm–2] FF PCE [%]
PTF1:PC60BM
1:1 in CB 1000/3 X 0.76 2.23 0.25 0.43
1600/3 X 0.54 2.71 0.26 0.39
2400/3 X 0.75 1.36 0.26 0.22
1600/3 90 0.66 2.95 0.3 0.51
2400/4 X 0.68 0.75 0.23 0.12
3200/4 X 0.67 0.1 0.23 0.12
4200/4 X 0.68 0.57 0.25 0.09
1:1.5 in CB 1800/3 X 0.63 2.53 0.30 0.47
800/3 120 0.65 2.03 0.32 0.43
1300/3 120 0.56 2.24 0.29 0.37
1800/3 120 0.57 2.95 0.30 0.51
PTF1:PC70BM
1:1 in CB 1200/3 X 0.75 3.18 0.31 0.74
800/3 120 0.71 2.72 0.32 0.64
1200/3 120 0.69 2.80 0.30 0.58
1800/3 120 0.72 4.97 0.29 1.04
1.5:1 in CB 1000/3 X 0.71 1.59 0.25 0.25
1600/3 X 0.72 1.38 0.21 0.21
2400/3 X 0.53 1.90 0.25 0.26
1600/3 120 0.74 2.07 0.25 0.38
2400/3 120 0.71 2.53 .025 0.45
aTotal concentration of the polymer:PC60BM/PC70BM in solution.
S7
Table S2 Performances of photovoltaic devices incorporating the polymer POF1 blended with PC60BM or PC70BM.
POF1:PC60BM/ PC70BM
RPM/ Concentrationa
[mg mL–1]
Anneal [°C]
Voc [V] Jsc [mA cm–2] FF PCE [%]
POF1:PC60BM1:1 in CB 800/3 X 0.73 0.60 0.26 0.11
1200/3 X 0.72 0.92 0.25 0.171600/3 X 0.70 1.10 0.24 0.192000/3 X 0.75 1.44 0.25 0.27800/3 X 0.72 1.09 0.23 0.181200/3 X 0.76 1.42 0.24 0.261600/3 X 0.77 2.01 0.24 0.372000/3 X 0.74 2.27 0.26 0.44
1:2 in CB 800/3 X 0.70 2.85 0.26 0.521200/3 X 0.66 2.49 0.29 0.47
1600/3 X 0.73 2.08 0.27 0.412000/3 X 0.58 2.11 0.29 0.36
POF1:PC70BM1:1.5 in CHCl3 1500/3 X 0.72 3.11 0.27 0.61
2000/3 X 0.78 4.42 0.30 1.032500/3 X 0.79 5.17 0.30 1.222000/3 1% DIO 0.75 2.8 0.30 0.632500/3 1% DIO 0.73 1.46 0.27 0.27
aTotal concentration of the polymer:PC60BM/PC70BM in solution.
S8
Table S3 Performances of photovoltaic devices incorporating the polymer PTF2 blended with PC60BM or PC70BM.
PTF2:PC60BM/ PC70BM
RPM/ Concentrationa
[mg mL–1]
Anneal [°C]
Voc [V] Jsc [mA cm–2] FF PCE [%]
PTF2:PC60BM1:1 in CB 1000/3 X 0.79 3.19 0.33 0.84
1600/3 X 0.59 3.95 0.31 0.912200/3 X 0.77 4.85 0.30 1.121600/3 120 0.75 4.18 0.30 0.95
1:1.5 in CB 1000/3 X 0.73 5.15 0.37 1.391500/3 X 0.72 3.75 0.37 1.012000/3 X 0.72 4.31 0.36 1.102500/3 X 0.60 3.56 0.29 0.62
1:2 in CB 1500/3 X 0.72 5.90 0.35 1.502000/3 100 0.70 6.92 0.36 1.762500/3 X 0.53 4.38 0.34 0.793000/3 X 0.62 4.39 0.41 1.11
PTF2:PC70BM1:1.5 in CB 800/3 X 0.72 3.56 0.35 0.91
1000/3 X 0.71 4.74 0.33 1.121500/3 X 0.70 7.67 0.32 1.722000/3 X 0.72 8.70 0.34 2.131000/3 100 0.72 4.97 0.33 1.19800/3 X 0.72 3.56 0.35 0.911000/3 X 0.71 4.78 0.33 1.121500/3 X 0.70 7.67 0.32 1.722000/3 X 0.72 8.70 0.34 2.131000/3 100 0.72 4.97 0.33 1.191500/3 1% DIO 0.51 2.76 0.30 0.422000/3 1% DIO 0.03 2.38 0.21 0.012500/3 1% DIO 0.70 0.04 0.25 0.011500/3 X 0.71 5.2 0.35 1.31800/3 X 0.71 6.24 0.34 1.522000/3 X 0.77 4.91 0.33 1.242000/3 X 0.77 5.72 0.33 1.472000/3 100C 10 M 0.76 5.79 0.33 1.462000/3 120C 10 M 0.74 6.22 0.33 1.542000/3 150C 10 M 0.71 5.12 0.33 1.19
aTotal concentration of the polymer:PC60BM/PC70BM in solution.
S9
Table S4 Performances of photovoltaic devices incorporating the polymer POF2 blended with PC60BM or PC70BM.
POF2:PC60BM/ PC70BM
RPM/ Concentrationa
[mg mL–1]
Anneal [°C]
Voc [V] Jsc [mA cm–2] FF PCE [%]
POF2:PC60BM1:1 in CHCl3 1000/1.5 X 0.71 2.20 0.25 0.39
2000/1.5 X 0.71 2.82 0.26 0.533500/1.5 X 0.68 3.10 0.27 0.572000/1.5 120 0.70 2.27 0.32 0.511200/1 X 0.77 5.33 0.34 1.411800/1 X 0.77 5.49 0.33 1.401000/1 120 0.74 3.22 0.31 0.741200/1 120 0.72 4.97 0.33 1.19
1:1.5 in CHCl3 800/1 X 0.79 4.26 0.33 1.111200/1 X 0.77 4.58 0.34 1.182000/1 X 0.77 4.16 0.35 1.12
1:1.5 in CB 800/1 X 0.77 5.06 0.34 1.311200/1 X 0.67 4.50 0.33 1.002000/1 X 0.49 3.89 0.30 0.581200/1 120 0.66 5.29 0.36 1.25
1:2 in CHCl3 1200/1 X 0.76 3.58 0.37 1.021800/1 X 0.76 3.38 0.39 1.001000/1 120 0.71 3.87 0.30 0.831200/1 120 0.76 4.28 0.32 1.05
POF2:PC70BM1:1.5 in CHCl3 1000/1 X 0.76 3.89 0.40 1.18
2000/1 X 0.77 5.25 0.40 1.601000/1 120 0.75 4.83 0.32 1.182000/1 120 0.76 4.87 0.32 1.18
1:1.5 in CB 2500/3 X 0.77 3.87 0.31 0.912000/3 X 0.76 3.19 0.30 0.721500/3 X 0.77 2.89 0.30 0.672500/3 1% DIO strange2000/3 1% DIO 0.80 4.56 0.41 1.481500/3 1% DIO 0.80 5.19 0.31 1.30
aTotal concentration of the polymer:PC60BM/PC70BM in solution.
S10
Fig. S6. SEM images of blends of the polymers (a) PTF1, (b) POF1, (c) PTF2, and (d) POF2 with PC70BM (1:1.5, w/w).
S11
1H NMR of 5,5´-(5,8-Dibromoquinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) (5)
S12
1H NMR of (N,N´E,N,N´E)-N,N´-((5,5´-(5,8-dibromoquinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2-diyl)) bis (methanylylidene))bis(2-fluoroaniline) (AM1)
S13
13C NMR of (N,N´E,N,N´E)-N,N´-((5,5´-(5,8-dibromoquinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2-diyl)) bis (methanylylidene))bis(2-fluoroaniline) (AM1)
S14
1H NMR of (N,N´E,N,N´E)-N,N´-((5,5´-(5,8-dibromoquinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,6-difluoroaniline) (AM2)
S15
13C NMR of (N,N´E,N,N´E)-N,N´-((5,5´-(5,8-dibromoquinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2,6-difluoroaniline) (AM2)
S16
1H NMR of polymer PTF1
S17
1H NMR of polymer POF1
S18
1H NMR of polymer PTF2
S19
1H NMR of polymer POF2
S20
Elementary analysis mass data of acceptor monomers AM1 and AM2 (i.e., solar F1 and solar F2, respectively)
S21
Elementary analysis mass data of donor monomers DM1 and DM2.
S22
Elementary analysis mass data of polymers PTF1, POF1, PTF2, and POF2 (i.e., THF1-P, OCF1-P, THF2-P, and OCF2-P, respectively)
S23