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Are interpreters and subtitlersbetter respeakers?
Agnieszka Szarkowska & Łukasz DutkaAgnieszka Chmiel, Agnieszka Lijewska, Krzysztof Krejtz, Krzysztof Marasek, Danijel Koržinek & Łukasz Brocki
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Recruitment
• Interpreters
• Translators
• Controls
• (Subtitlers)
Respeaking training
• 2-day workshops
• Workingmemory tests
• Proof-readingtests
• Paraphrasingtests
Respeaking tests
• Intralingual
• Interlingual
Respeaking quality analysis
• NER model
• Human raters
Data triangulation
• Quality
• EEG
• Self-reportedcognitive load
• Eye-tracking
• Proof-reading
• Paraphrasing
• Ear-voice span
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Respeaking test
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Tasks in the respeaking test
Intralingual respeaking
–Polish to Polish
–Four 5-minute clips in randomised order
Interlingual respeaking
–English to Polish
–Speech by President Obama in Warsaw
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Speech rate and number of speakers
Slow speech rate Fast speech rate
One speaker Speech News
Many speakersEntertainment
showPolitical chat show
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58 participants
Mean age:27.48 years (SD 5.71)
51 women, 7 men
22 Interpreters
12 Controls
10 Subtitlers
23 Translators
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Professional experience
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
1-2 years
3-4 years
4+ years
Translators Interpreters
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Measuring respeaking performance
1. NER model (NERstar)–Accuracy rate = NER value
–Edition errors
–Recognition errors
–Reduction
2. Human rating on 1-5 scale
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Rating
Overall quality
Fluency of delivery
Pronunciation
Punctuation
Spoken to written language
Accuracy of content
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Are interpretersbetter respeakers?
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Interpreters had highest NER valueout of all the three groups
90 91 92 93 94 95
Interpreters
Translators
Controls
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Interpreters had highest NER valuein all clips
90
91
92
93
94
95
Slow one-speaker Fast one-speaker Slow many speakers Fast many speakers
NER value
Interpreters Translators Controls
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Interpreters had lowest reduction rates
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Interpreters
Translators
Controls
Percentage of words omitted
(original speech vs. respoken text)
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Interpreters were rated highestin all categories
1
2
3
4
5
Fluency Pronunciation Punctuation Spoken to
written
Accuracy Overall
Interpreters Translators Controls
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Interpreters were rated bestin interlingual respeaking
1 2 3 4 5
Interpreters
Translators
Controls
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Arebetter respeakers?
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Subtitlers had higher NER valuethan non-subtitlers
90 91 92 93 94 95
Subtitlers
Non-subtitlers
NER value
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Subtitlers had an overall higher rating than non-subtitlers
1 2 3 4 5
Subtitlers
Non-subtitlers
Overall rating of respeaking quality
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Subtitlers were rated higherin all intralingual tasks than non-subtitlers
1
2
3
4
5
Slow one-speaker Fast one-speaker Slow many speakers Fast many speakers
Overall rating of respeaking quality
Subtitlers Non-subtitlers
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Subtitlers had highest scoresin the proof-reading test
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Subtitlers
Interpreters
Controls
Proof-reading test score
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Summary of all study results
Interpreters and subtitlers achieved better resultsas respeakers than other groups– NER
– Rating
NER and rating showed similar results
Higher working memory capacitycorrelated positively with high respeaking quality
Interpreters had lower cognitive load during respeaking
Interpreters were best in interlingual respeaking
Translators/subtitlers gazed longest in the subtitle area and achieved highest scores on the proof-reading test
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Conclusions
Interpreters as respeakers?
Subtitlers as respeaking proof-readers?
Respeaking as part of interpreting training
Subtitling as part of respeaking training
Train working memory capacity
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Respeaking in Poland in 2016
Live events– Intralingual
– Interlingual
–Online
On public television–One-off events
–Respeaking tests
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Challenges
Legislation to increase subtitling quotas on TV
Communicating with broadcasters
Introducing respeaking as an independent module at university
Educating proof-readers for respeaking
Educating the general public about the qualityof live subtitling
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Our papers on respeaking
Are interpreters better respeakers?
Respeaking crisis points
Ear-voice span and pauses in intra-and interlingual respeaking
Cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking
Tapping the linguistic competence in respeaking: comparing intralingual paraphrasing performed by interpreters, translators and bilinguals
Visual attention distribution in respeaking – an eye tracking study
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported
with the grant no. 013/11/B/HS2/02762
from the National Science Centre
for the years 2014-2017
KRZYSZTOF
KREJT
Z
ŁUKASZ
BROCKI
AGNIESZKA
LIJEWSKA
AGNIESZKA
CHMIEL
KRZYSZTOF
MARASEK
DANIJEL
KORZIN
EK
Many thanks
to Juan Martínez Pérez
and Pablo Romero Fresco
for their support in this study
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www.facebook.com/RespeakingProject
www.avt.ils.uw.edu.pl