1. Brazilian spatial disparities: inequality in municipal HDI
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
HD
I
Percentage of municipalities
Distribution of Brazilian municipalities according to HDI, 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
Brazil - 2010
1. Brazilian spatial disparities: inequality in municipal HDI
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
HD
I
Percentage of municipalities and countries
Distribution of Brazilian municipalities and countries of the World according to HDI, 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
Brazil - 2010
World - 2010
Uganda
Netherlands
85%
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5
10.010.511.011.512.0
0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90
Perc
enta
ge o
f mun
icip
aliti
es
HDI
HDI of Brazilian municipalities: frequency distribution, 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
1. Brazilian spatial disparities: HDI bimodal distribution
Legend
1. Brazilian spatial disparities: HDI bimodal distribution
2. Why spatial inequality is so important for development
Development as a result of local collective actionLocal protagonism Advantages of local development
Common knowledge of local specificities Mutual acquaintance promote trust and solidarity Logistic lower cost
Spatial inequality: external solidarity
Legend
3. Brazilian progress: HDI by municipality - Brazil, 2000
Legend
3. Brazilian progress: HDI by municipality - Brazil, 2010
3. Reducing spatial inequality: HDI growth by percentile
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Gro
wth
rate
bet
wee
n 20
00 a
nd 2
010
(%)
Percentage of municipalities
HDI growth rate curve by percentile: Brazil, 2000 to 2010
Municipalitieswith lower HDI
Municipalitieswith higher HDI
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5
10.010.511.011.512.0
0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90
Perc
enta
ge o
f mun
icip
aliti
es
HDI
HDI of Brazilian municipalities: frequency distribution, 2000
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
3. Reducing inequality: HDI frequency distribution
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5
10.010.511.011.512.0
0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90
Perc
enta
ge o
f mun
icip
aliti
es
HDI
HDI of Brazilian municipalities: frequency distribution, 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
3. Reducing inequality: HDI frequency distribution
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5
10.010.511.011.512.0
0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90
Perc
enta
ge o
f mun
icip
aliti
es
HDI
HDI of Brazilian municipalities: frequency distribution, 2000 - 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
3. Reducing inequality: HDI frequency distribution
20002000
20102010
3. Reducing inequality: evolution of the HDI distribution around the median
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Below 80% of the HDI median value Between 80% and 120% of the HDI median value Above 120% of the HDI median value
Perc
enta
ge o
f m
unic
ipal
ities
(%
)
Municipalities according to its position with respect to the HDI median value
Distribution of Brazilian municipalities with respect to the HDI median value, 2000 and 2010
2000
2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
1 10 100 1000
HD
I
Population Size (in thousands of people)
HDI according to municipality population , Brazil, 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
3. Differentials among municipalities with distinct population sizes
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth
Gro
wth
rate
bet
wee
n 20
00 a
nd 2
010
(%)
Municipalities ordered by population size (deciles)
Growth rate in HDI by municipal population: Brazil, 2000-10
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development ReportSource: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010 and HDI as calculated by the UNDP, Human Development Report
Municipalities with smaller population size
Municipalities with larger population size
3. Equating differentials among municipalities with different population sizes
3. Differentials in informal labor relations among municipalities with different population sizes
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth
Prop
orti
on o
fthe
labo
r for
ce e
mpl
oeye
d w
ihto
ut a
afo
rmal
labo
r con
trac
t (%
)
Population Deciles
Degree of informality by population size of municipality, 2000 e 2010
Source: SAE/PR, based on Demographic Census 2000 and 2010
2010
2000
Municipalities with smaller population size
Municipalities with larger population size
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth
Ann
ual g
row
th ra
te (%
)
Average annual growth rate of income in Brazilian rural areas, 2001-2011
Source: SAE/PR, based on national Household Sample Survey 2001 e 2011
Bottom 10%
Top 10%
3. Reducing inequality in rural areas
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
Perc
enta
ge o
f the
tota
l pop
ulati
on in
eac
h ar
ea (%
)
Year
Evolution of extreme poverty in Brazilian urban and rural areas, 2001-2011
Source: SAE/PR, based on National Household Sample Survey between 2001 and 2011
Rural
Urban
3. Reducing inequality in rural areas
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011
Perc
enta
ge o
f pop
ulati
on in
eac
h ar
ea (2
001=
100)
Year
Evolution of extreme poverty in Brazilian urban and rural areas, 2001-2011
Source: SAE/PR, based on National Household Sample Survey between 2001 and 2011
Rural
Urban
3. Reducing inequality in rural areas
Brazilian 120 “TERRITÓRIOS DA CIDADANIA”
Municipalities covered by the Program
4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Federal programs
Legend
4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Provincial programs
ACREACRE
Socioeconomic Relations between rural communities and EDZsCAU
Communities with universal basic services
COPReference community
CAPCommunities with some non-basic services
ZEDSPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE
4. Provincial programs: ProAcre - Program for Social Inclusion and Sustainable Economic Development in the State of Acre
33 UPPs already
implemented
1,5 million beneficiaries
Goal: 40 UPPs
implemented up to 2014.
4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Local programs Rio de Janeiro Social UPP Program
Fonte: MI, MDA
Program Objective
Ministério da Integração Nacional - MI
Programa de Desenvolvimento Regional, Territorial Sustentável e Economia Solidária (antigo PROMESO) Esse programa se subdivide nas seguintes ações:
Formular e implementar os marcos legais das Políticas Nacionais de Desenvolvimento Regional e de Ordenamento Territorial, contribuindo para a redução das desigualdades regionais e ocupação racional do território.
PNDR - Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional
Reduzir as desigualdades entre as regiões brasileiras e a promover a equidade no acesso a oportunidades de desenvolvimento, estimulando o desenvolvimento regional em múltiplas escalas, com foco particular nos territórios selecionados e de ação prioritária.
PAPL - Política Nacional para APLs Estruturar e adensar arranjos produtivos locais e cadeias produtivas nos territórios, por meio da dinamização econômica e da inclusão produtiva.
ZEE - Política de Implementação do Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico
Elaborar e implementar o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico para a promoção do ordenamento e da gestão ambiental territorial.
RIDES - Regiões Integradas de Desenvolvimento Articular e harmonizar as ações administrativas da União, dos Estados e dos Municípios para a promoção de projetos que visem à dinamização econômica de territórios de baixo desenvolvimento
Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário – MDA
PTC - Programa Territórios da Cidadania Implementar ações de organização e gestão territorial; inclusão produtiva; infraestrutura rural e gestão social.
PRONAT - Programa Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável de Territórios Rurais
Acelerar processos de desenvolvimento locais e sub-regionais que ampliem as oportunidades de geração de renda de forma descentralizada e sustentável, articulados a redes de apoio e cooperação solidária.
4. Programs to promote spatial integration: Federal programs
5. Local and regional management matter
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5
10.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Ann
ual G
row
th R
ate
(%)
Income percentile
Average annual growth rate in per capita income by percentile for two neighboring Brazilian states, 2001-2011
Neighboring State A
Neighboring State B