APPENDIX I
LIST OF SEMINARS
(a) General Seminars
Ansari, S.M.R.
Chaudhri, B.D.Nag
Cook, A.H.
Deacon, Sir George
Ijaz, L.
Ijaz, M.A.
Lee, B.W.
Penrose, R.
Ruffini, R.
Salam, A. and Chaudhri, B.D.Nag
Seraphin, B.O.
Welling, H.
(b) Special Seminars
Ali, Mansoor
Asensio, G.Medrano
Bakri, M.
Balogun, Ekun-daya E.
i) Interplanetary Space Exploration
ii) The Physics of Outer Layers of the Sun
Environmental Needs of Developing Countries
i) Some Current Mathematical Problems in Geophysics
ii) Geophysics (Questions and Answers Meeting)
Antarctic Ocean
Innovative Physics Teaching
i) Discovery of New Isotopes of Thalium
ii) Project UNISOR at Oak Ridge
New Results in Particle Physics
Black Holes
i) Black Holes (Theory)
ii) Cosmology
421
Discussion on Physics and National R&D Needs
Solar Energy (Questions and Answers Meeting)
Special Laser Problems
Defect States in Pure and Stabilized Zr02
Planning Nuclear Power
Droplet Model of Liquid Gas Phase Transition
Physics, Weather and Climatic Changes
LIST OF SEMINARS
Chaudhuri, B.D.Nag
Forouhi, Abdul Rahim
Gul, Khunab
Ijaz, L.
Ishaq, A.F.M.
Khan, A.Rashid
Massachi, Manouchehr
Matrosudirjo, Suwarto
Natera, M.G.
Rao, Y.S.T.
Rhee, Chunghi
Ruffini, R.
Sacli, Omer Asim
Sadiq, A.
Saplakoglu, Adnan
Sayakanit, Virulh
Taha, M. O.
422
Low Energy Nuclear Facilities and the Programme in India
Diffuse Electron Scattering from Disordered UO .85 < x < 1.23 x ~-
Nuclear Reaction Studies with 14.1 MeV Neutrons
The Growth of Energy Demand and Survey of World's Energy Resources
Radiative Neutron Capture Studies with Thermal Neutrons
Gravitational Analogue of the Magnetic Force
Surface Diffusion in Sintering
Work of National Institute of Physics in Indonesia
Materials Research at Philippines Atomic Research Centre
Ground State of Liquid Helium 3
Electrical Properties of Amorphous Semiconductors
Black Holes
Effect of Ordering and Spin Compensation on the Specific Heat of Dilute Magnetic Alloys
Transport Coefficients for a Dilute Magnetic System
Radioisotope X-ray Fluorescence
Path Integral Approach to Disordered Systems
Caus_ali ty and the ProtonNeutron Electromagnetic Mass Difference
Name
Afzal, F.A.
Ahmad, Aminuddin
Ahmad, Irshad
Ahmad, Mahmood
Ahmad, Naeem
Ahmed, Faiz
Ahmed, Masud
Ahmed, Nisar
Ali, Mansoor
Alsharbati, T.M.
Amatya, Kedar Govinda
Ansari, S.M.Razaullah
Asensio, Gregoria Medrano
Ashraf, Shahid
Aslam, J.
Aslam, Mohammad
Azhar, Iqbal Ali
Bakri, Mahmood Mohamed
APPENDIX II
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Institution
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Basrah University, Basrah
Tribandham University Kathmandu
Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh
University of Madrid, Madrid
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PAEC, Islamabad
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Cairo University, Cairo
Balogun, Ekundaya E.University of IFE, ILE-IFE
Bhatti, Nasim
Bokhari, S.J.H.
Bounhar, Mohammad
Bukhari, A.H.S.
Celik, Tarik
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Rabat University, Rabat
University of Sind Jamshoro
Hacettepe University,Ankara
423
Country
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Iraq
Nepal
India
Spain
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Egypt
Nigeria
Pakistan
Pakistan
Morocco
Pakistan
Turkey
424 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Name Institution Country
Chaudhry, Nazir Ahmad Engineering University Lahore
Pakistan
Chaudhuri, B.D.Nag Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi
India
Chaudhury, A.Musawwir Space & Atmospheric Research Bangladesh Centre, Dacca
Chaudhury, Ghulam Rasul
Chaudhury, Nazir Ahmad
Dransej, Saleh
Durrani, I.R.
Fard, Ali Asghar Torabi
Fayyazuddin
Forouhi, Abdul Rahim
Gondal, Ashraf
Gul, Khunab
Gustafsson, Silas
Hamdani, Abbas Jafar
Haroon, M.R.
Hashmi, Riaz Ahmed
Hasnain, Syed Ahmed
Housari, Ahmed lJIahmood
Hussain, Anser
Hussain, Syed
Hussain, Syed
Sheikh
Abid
Salim
University of Multan Multan
Punjab University, Lahore
Royal Scientific Society of Jordan, Amman
Pakistan
Pakistan
Jordan
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Atomic Energy Organization Iran of Iran, Tehran
Quaid-i-Azam University Pakistan Islamabad
Atomic Energy Organization Iran of Iran, Tehran
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Chalmers University, Goteborg Sweden (At present UNESCO Expert at Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad)
Quaid-i-Azam University Pakistan Islamabad
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Karachi University, Karachi Pakistan
Karachi Nuclear Power Plant Pakistan Karachi
University of Damascus Damascus
Karachi University, Karachi
UDiversity of Malaya Kaula Lampur
Villa Beali Sejolir, Founex
Syria
Pakistan
Malaysia
Switzerland
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Name
Ij az, Mrs. Lubna
Ijaz, M.A.
Intezar, Naseem
Iqbal, Mohammad
Iqbal, M.Zafar
Ishaq, A.F.M.
Jameel, M.
Karim, A.
Keryo, Usman
Khaliquzzaman, M.
Khan, A.M.
Khan, Abdul Moyeen
Khan, A.Rashid
Khan, A.Waheed
425
Institution Country
Virgina Polytechnic Institute U.S.A. Blacksburg, Virgina
Virgina Polytechnic Institute U.S.A. Blacksburg, Virgina
Quaid-i-Azam University Pakistan Islamabad
Engineering University, Lahore Pakistan
Quaid-i-Azam University Pakistan Islamabad
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
University of Sind, Jamshoro Pakistan
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Bangladesh Commission, Dacca
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Dacca University, Dacca
S.E.College, Bahawalpur
Gomal University, D.I.Khan
Khan, Anwarur Rahman Dacca University, Dacca
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Khan, Q.H.
Khan, S.H.
Khattak, M.Ali
Khawaja, E.E.
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Peshawar University, Peshawar
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Khondoker, A.I.F.M.M. Dacca University, Dacca
Kponou, A. University of Sierra Leone Free Town
Lee, Faj Tsen University of Malaya Kuala Lampur
Massachi, Manochehr Pars College, Tehran
Matrosudirjo, Indonesian Institute of Suwarto Sciences, Bandug
Migahed, Mohammad King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah
Mirza, J.A. PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Bangladesh
Sierra Leone
Malaysia
Iran
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Pakistan
426
Name
Mubarak, M.A.
Mubarakmand, Samar
Mufti, A.R.
Mujib, Farhan
Mujib, Fawzia
Najam, Ramzan
Naqvi, Ather Saeed
Natera, Manolito Garcia
Nayyar, A.Hameed
Nazar, Fateh M.
Nduka, A.
Niazi, Ahsan
Pandey, Sada Nand
Qadeer, Ahmed
Qadir, Asghar
Qazi, M.N.
Qureshi, LH.
Rafi, M.
Ramchandran, V.
Rao,Y.S.Trivikrama
Raoof, M.A.
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Institution
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Government College, Lahore
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh
Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
University of Riyadh Riyadh
Philippines Atomic Energy Commission, Quezon City
Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
Punjab University, Lahore
University of IFE, ILE-IFE
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
MMM Engineering College Gorakhpur
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Karachi University, Karachi
University of Sri Lanka Colombo
Calicut University, Calicut
Karachi University, Karachi
Country
Pakistan
Pak~stan
Pakistan
India
India
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Philippines
Pakistan
Pakistan
Nigeria
Pakistan
India
India
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Raoof, Shamim Akhtar Government College for Women, Lahore
India
Pakistan
Pakistan
Rashid, Khalid
Rasul, Ghulam
Rehman, Saifur
Riazuddin
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Polytechnic Institute, Kabul Afghanistan
P.C.S.LR., Karachi Pakistan
P.A.E.C., Islamabad Pakistan
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Name
Rhee, Chunghi
Sacli, Omer Asim
Sadiq, A.
Santoso, Budi
Saplakoglu, Adnan
Sayakanit, Virulh
Shafiq, Mohammad
427
Institution Country
Kyung Hee University, Seoul Korea
Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
National Atomic Energy Indonesia Commission of Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Turkish Atomic Energy Turkey Commission, Ankara
Chaulalongkorn University Thailand Bangkok
Engineering University, Lahore Pakistan
Shah, S.Maqsood Ali P.C.S.I.R., Peshawar Pakistan
Shahin, Issa
Shalaby, Mostafa Mohammad
University of Jordan, Amman
King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah
Shaukat, Mumtaz Ali Punjab University, Lahore
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Pakistan
Shoaib, K.A. PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Siddiqui, I.M. PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Srobar, Fedor Czech Academy of Sciences Czechoslovakia Prague
Subhendhu, Guha Tata Institute, Bombay India
Sultana, Q. PINSTECH, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Syed, Abdus Sattar Bangladesh Council of Scien- Bangladesh
Taha, M.O.
tific & Industrial Research, Dacca
University of Khartoom Khartoom
Sudan
Tajia, May On
Uppal, Pervez
Institute of Technology,Bandung Indonesia
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Usmani, Qamar Nasir Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Venkatraman, Malathy Devi
Wahid, A.
Win, See Myint
St. Agnes College, Mangalore Karnataka
PINSTECH, Rawalpindi
Art & Science University Rangoon
Pakistan
India
India
Pakistan
Burma
428
Name
Yasin, M.
Zaman, Arif-uz
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Institution
University of Riyadh, Riyadh
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
Country
Saudi Arabia
Pakistan
INDEX
Abelian group, 344 Acousto-optic deflector, 175 Adatom, 69, 70, 90, 91, 92 Adsorption
effect on work function, 81 Amphidromic point, 288 Arrhenius factor, 89 Attenuator, 170, 172 Avalanche effect, 107
Barrier model of surfaces Bardeen, 67 simple, 64
BCS density of states, 127 BCS theory, 128-130 Beam splitter, 171 Beat signal, 11 Binding energy, gravitational, 303 Black holes, 370-375, 383, 384,
406-420 Bond
chemical, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81 covalent, 69, 70, 79, 80
Bosons massive neutral vector, 344 gauge, vector, 343-344
Brans-Dicke theory, 384 Bullen's model, 223, 225, 235,
241, 242
Cartwright and Munk method of analysing tides, 289
Catalysis, 53, 79, 81, 82 Catalysts
metals, 54, 56, 81 nature of, 91
Charge gravitational, 302, 303
429
electric, 302, 304 Charm, 302, 308, 310
quantum number, 349-350 Charmed particles, 349-354 Chemical composition of earth,
218 Chemical vapor deposition in thin
films, 201, 210, 214 Chemisorption, 67, 69, 70, 72,
73, 79, 81 Christoffel symbol, 390 Color centre lasers, 18 Color quantum numbers, 302-304,
330-333, 335-336, 341 Communication, 162, 177 Comparator, 168, 170-172, 174-175 Conducti vi ty
bulk, 62, 63 profile, 62 surface, 63
Conformal representation, 385-387 Continental drift, 253 Continental shelves, 271 Cooper pair, 131, 133, 138, 140,
149 Core, earth's, 223-225, 238, 239,
242-243 Cosmic censorship, 404, 405, 410,
412 Creep of the material of the
earth's interior, 230, 246, 260
Critical mass of stars, 363, 369, 375
Cryogenic temperature, 98 Cryostats, 102, 119 Crystal rectifiers, 166
430
Current density in superconductor 143
Curvature of space time, 303, 307 tensor, 393-396
Cutting profile, 34 Cuvette dye lasers, 5, 8
line width of, 5 velocity profile in, 6
C W dye laser, 4, 9, 18
Decays a-decay, 309, 340, 341 a-decay, strangeness changing, 341 hadronic, 351 matrix elements for V-decay, 345 ~-decay, 340, 341 semileptonic, 354, 355 weak, of charmed hadrons, 350
de Haas 'ran Alphen effect, 118 Density
Bardeen, 57, 90 bulk, 69 bulk liquid, 60 electron density distribution, 56, 61, 68, 69, 71 profile, 61, 71, 77 vapour, 60
Diffusion, 85, 88, 89 constant, 84 equation, 84 in phase space, 87
Dimuon events, 355 Discontinuity
Mohorovicic, 250, 260 Conrad, 250
Dye cell, 5 turbulent flow in, 8
Dye lasers, 8, 9, 20
Earth, 167 Earth quakes, 221" 247, 26.1, 27:1;
290 predictions of, 273
Eddington-Finklestein co-ordinates, 401, 402
Einstein field equations, 395, 400, 417 summation convention, 388 tensor, 375 theory, 375, 383, 384, 394
INDEX
Ekman theory, 291 Elastic modulii, 217, 222, 225,
226, 234, 235, 238, 240, 241, 244, 246, 274
Electric current in sea, 296 Electron
affinity, 69 correlation, 66, 67
Electron-electron interaction, 64-67
Electro-optic effect, 170, 172, 174
Endoscopical methods, 30 Equation of state
Gruneisen, 237 shock .rave, 236, 239, 240 terrestrial,234, 235, 244
Equivalence principle, 302-304, 389-393
Erythrocytes, 30 Excimer lasers, 18 Eyring equation, 246
Fibre-bundle, 308, 314, 317 Flavour quantum number, 302,
304, 310, 330 Floyed-Penrose process, 373 Fleuorescence, lifetime of, 61,
62 Flux
creep, 113 magnetic, 109, 110 quantisation, 111, 112, 118
Fokker Planck equations, 84, 89, 91, 92
Frequency mixing, 18, 20, 29 Friction
constant, 90, 92 limit, 85
Friedel oscillations, 61 Friedmann model, 384, 416-418
Gap anisotropy in super conduc-tors, 128
Gauge Invariance, 331, 332, 335 parameters, 307 unification, 312, 314, 347
Gauge Theory nonabelian, 336 of color symmetry, 333, 335, 336
INDEX
of unitary transformations, 342 of weak and electromagnetic interactions, 341, 342 Salam-Weinberg model, 345, 346 spontaneously broken, 313, 314, 342,343
Geodesic, 389-391, 393-395, 400, 401
Geodynamo, 233 Geostationary satellite, 276 Geothermal energy, use of, 270,271 Glashow-Ilipoulous-Maiani scheme,
348 Gluons, 333, 334, 336, 339 Gravitational field, 418
curvature, 397 principal null direction, 396-399 radiation, 396-401, 408 waves, 383
Gravity field, 228, 231 variation on earth's surface, 251, 261, 262
Hadrons, 327-331 charmed, 340, 348 isospin of, 322 masses of, 338, 339 strangeness, 322
Haemostasis, 31, 34, 39, 40 Han-Nambu scheme of quarks, 330 Hawking process, 384, 413
radiation, 413, 415 Higgs-Kibble mechanism, 345 Hologram, 170, 172, 174 Holographic interferometery, 170,
175 Holography, 170, 172, 175 Hubble's constant, 378 Hypercharge, 222, 342
Ionosphere, 276, 278 Infra red reflectance, 209
emittance, 209 transparency, 210
Integrated circuits, 160 Integrated optics, 166, 167, 171,
174
Interactions electromagnetic, 222, 210, 311, 315, 340 nuclear, 222
431
strong, 222, 315, 316, 327, 351 strong, of quarks, 332, 337 weak, 315, 316, 340, 345-348, 351, 354
Interference spectroscopy, 14 Internal charge space, 309, 316 Internal structure of earth
Dziewonski, Hales and Lapwood model, 223-226
J/~ particle, 310, 353 Josephson effect, 97, 122, 138,
144-147
Kerr-Newman black hole, 372 metric, 372, 408-410, 415
Killing equation, 411 vector, 411
Lasers in surgery, 29 Laser resonator, 4, 25, 27, 32
tunability, 4, 18, 20 visibility, 11, 14, 15
LEED, 54, 55, 81, 165 Lenses, 158, 165, 168, 170, 174 Lepton, 346 Liquid surfaces, 59, 67 Lithosphere and Asthenosphere,
259, 260, 261, 262, 264 Liver surgery, 30, 31, 39, 45 LoD.achevski distance, 385
metric, 387 space, 385, 386
Luminiscense, lifetime of, 62
Macroscopic quantum interference, 143, 145
Magnetic field, 98, 133 of Jupiter, Earth, Mercury, 217, 233, 274 reversal of earth's, 255, 274
Magnetic moment of nucleons, 339 Magnetic storms, 276, 278 Magneto pause, 278 Magneto sphere, 278
432
Mantle, 223, 224, 225, 238, 240, 242, 243, 250m 260
Meissner effect, 108, 109, 143 Metal
electron density for, 82 liquid, 54, 56, 65, 90 surfaces, 69, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78,79,80,81,82,89,90,92
Meteorites, 226, 264 Minkowski
frame, 390 space, 385, 387, 388, 391
Modes collective, 63 local, 74, 75 vibration. 74, 75
Monochromaticity, 3 Monopoles, 318 Moon quakes, 274 Multispectral scanner, 167, 168,
174 Necrotic zones, 31, 37, 39, 40,
44 Neutral currents, 312, 346, 348 Neutrino, 309, 311, 314, 315, 346 Neutron
scattering, 55, 74 stars, 360, 363-370
Nordvedt's test, 303
Ocean waves attenuation, 283 freak waves, 283 prediction of, 284
Oceanic ridges and trenches, 247, 255, 257, 260, 263
Operational management, 164 Operations research, 164 Optical
components, 168 processors, 168
Output power of a laser, 20, 25, 26, 27, 32
INDEX
generation and jetection of,' 131 roton scattering, 135
Photothermal conversion, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, 201, 202, 204, 205
Photo-voltaic conversion, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, 201, 202, 204, 205
Plasma oscillations, 65 Plate
destruction, 261 formation, 260 tectonics, 259, 264, 270, 271
Potential barrier, 83, 85 junction, 85 well, 83, 85
Principle of cosmology, 360 Projective representation, 385-387 Psuedo-potentials
electronics, 56, 64 ionic, 65
Pulsar, 365, 367, 369, 370 masses of, 369 periods of, 369
Quantum interference effects, 144. 146
Quarks, 310, 311, 315, 328, 333-335, 337, 348 charmed, 347, 349, 351 confinement, 337 effective mass of, 337 invariant dynamics of, 332 mass of, 339, 348 clodel, 328, 330
Quasars, 379, 380
Reflectance, 193, 194, 195, 209, 210, 213
Reflective scattering, 210 Reflectors, 193, 194, 195, 200,
204 Remote sensing, 167
Paleomagnetism, 253, 271 Resonances, 68, 69, 70, 80 Parity violation, 346, 354 states 82 Petrov classification of gravita-Resonant ~cattering 210
tional field, 397, 398 RHEED, 54 ' Phonons Rheology, 259
coherent, 131, 133 Ricci curvature, 417
INDEX
scalar, 375, 395 tensors, 375, 376, 395, 413 417
433
Solar energy convertor, 192 195 198 ' ,
Reisner-Nordstrom metric 406, 408 Riemann '
figure of merit of, 193, 195, 204, 205, 207
metric, 389 tensor, 417
Rock magnetism, 231, 253, 255 Roton
propagation, 135 scattering, 135
San Andreas fault, 262 Scanner, 168, 170 Schwarz schild
black hole, 410, 412 co-ordinates, 402 metric, 400, 408, 415 raduis, 372
Scientific methods, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166
Seismology, 221-223 Selectivity, 192
spectral, 193, 195, 204, 205, 207-209, 211, 213 through interference, 195, 210
Shawlow-TQwnes formula, 9 Single particle tunneling, 123 Singularities, space-time, 383,
401, 405, 408, 416 Solar
absorptance, 209, 210 antireflector, 202
Solar cells cost of, 191 emittance of, 198, 209, 211 primary efficiency of Silicon technology in, 195 semiconductors in, 194, 196
Solar energy absorber, 193, 194, 200, 204 absorption, 196, 209, 210
Solar energy conversion efficiency of, 204, 205, 207 metallurgical problems in, 200 photo thermal, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, 198, 201,202, 204, 205, 209, 214 photo voltaic, 192, 194, 195, 202, 204
187, 189, 190, 196, 198, 201,
photc thermal, spectral profile of, 192, 203, 207, 209 principles of selecting material, 192, 199, 200 surface of, 204, 205, 211
Spectral density, 74 power density, 11 selectivity, 193, 195, 204, 205, 207-209, 211, 213 signature, 167, 168, 170, 174
Spectroscopy photo electron, 55, 56, 81 ultra violet (USP), 55, 87, 91 X-ray photo electron, 55
Strangeness, 302, 310, 322 Stress tensor, 304 Structural imperfections, 197,
203 SU(3), 310, 323
representation of, 324-327 Superconducting
current density, 108 dipole magnets, 116 domains, 108 low inductance undulating Galvonometer (SLUG), 146, 148 magnets, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121 tunnel junctions, 135, 138
Superconductivity, high field, 107
Superconductors energy gaps in, field stability gapless, 128
Supernova, 360 Surface
122, 128 of, 106
collective oscillations 65 conductivity, 63 ' density, 68 density profile of, 58 energy, 64, 65, 66 interaction (single atom and metal), 68
434
layers, 55, 62 metal, 68, 69, 73-75, 77-82, 89, 90, 92 metallic, 68, 74, 90
INDEX
Universe, 376-381 Bianchi model, 380, 381 Freidmann model, 376, 377, 379, 381
modes, 74 Volcanoes, 247, 255 planar, 57, 61, 70, 78, 80, 81
plasmons, 65, 66, 76 Vortex line, 113 reflection, 62 structure dynamic, 54, 55 structure, electronic, 54, 55, 62, 63, 72, 73 thickness of, 57, 61,62, 65, 66, 67
Surface energy negative origin of, 110
Surface tension, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66
Surface width phenomenology of, 59-61
Surges, 280-290 Swell, 282, 285 Symmetry
0(3), 305, 306, 307, 308, 309 0(3,1), 302 0(2), U(l), 305, 307,308 SU(2), 305,309,310 SU(3), 310, 323
Systems Engineering, 164
Thermal valve, 102 Thermocline, 292 The rmometery, 98 Thin films
in solar energy conversion, 190, 200, 201
advantages of, 191, 200 disadvantages of, 191, 200
techniques, 201 Tidal effect, 417
force, 393, 394 Tides, 286-290 Tomasch Effect, 136, 138 Tunneling, 128, 129, 130
characteristics, 125 current, 126, 133, 138 experiments, 128 in superconductors, 122 junction, 122, 123, 126, 130, 131
Wave front discrimination, Wave guide, 165, 168, 172, Weyle
curvature, 417, 418 tensor, 417, 418
195 1'74