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AP AP HUMAN HUMAN
GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY
CH 31 REVIEWCH 31 REVIEWGeographies of Inequality:Geographies of Inequality:
Race & EthnicityRace & Ethnicity
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HUMANITYHUMANITY
Consists of one race – HUMAN!!!Consists of one race – HUMAN!!!Humans = 99.9% Genetically IdenticalHumans = 99.9% Genetically Identical
Humans differ physicallyHumans differ physicallyDominant and Recessive GenesDominant and Recessive Genes
Differences used to create divisionsDifferences used to create divisions
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Human TaxonomyHuman Taxonomy
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GENETICSGENETICS - Bio branch of heredity - Bio branch of heredity
GeneGene – – basic unit of Hereditybasic unit of HeredityGenotypeGenotype – – Organism’s genetic Organism’s genetic
makeup (blood type, makeup (blood type, body size, defects) body size, defects)
PhenotypePhenotype – – Visible (physical) Visible (physical)
characteristics (hair, characteristics (hair, eye color, height)eye color, height)
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RACISMRACISM
Divisions Based on visible / physical Divisions Based on visible / physical (phenotype) (phenotype)
Assumed superiority / inferiority based on Assumed superiority / inferiority based on physical characteristicsphysical characteristics
Skin Color as dividing forceSkin Color as dividing force Rooted in CULTURAL – not biologicalRooted in CULTURAL – not biological
Anthropologists argue > only 1 race: HUMANAnthropologists argue > only 1 race: HUMAN
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EthnicityEthnicity
Differs from race / racism – based on Differs from race / racism – based on cultural history & heritagecultural history & heritage
Can overlap with racism – race used as Can overlap with racism – race used as a symbol / source of cultural a symbol / source of cultural division (minority)division (minority)
Cultural Revival / LinkageCultural Revival / Linkage
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See Online Cheat Sheet!!!!See Online Cheat Sheet!!!!
Ethnicity Race
Definition:
An ethnic group or ethnicity is a population of human beings whose members identify with each other, on the basis of a real or a presumed common genealogy or ancestry.
The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics which result from genetic ancestry.
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Ethnicity Race
Significance:
Ethnicity connotes shared cultural traits and a shared group history. Some ethnic groups also share linguistic or religious traits, while others share a common group history but not a common language or religion.
Race presumes shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual or asserted. In the early 19th century, racial differences were ascribed significance in areas of intelligence, health, and personality. There is no evidence validating these ideas.
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CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODSCHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS
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AFRICAN AM., HISPANIC, ASIAN POPULATIONS: 1990AFRICAN AM., HISPANIC, ASIAN POPULATIONS: 1990
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CHICAGO 2010
One Dot = 25 People
Red = WhiteBlue = BlackOrange = HispanicGreen = Asian
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People / PlacesPeople / Places
ETHNIC CLEANSINGETHNIC CLEANSING – – Slaughter / forced removal of Slaughter / forced removal of
one ethnic group by anotherone ethnic group by another
ETHNIC ISLANDETHNIC ISLAND – – small ethnically small ethnically homogeneous homogeneous
enclaveenclave within larger diverse within larger diverse Population context Population context
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TerritoryTerritory ENCLAVEENCLAVE – a distinct group that lives or – a distinct group that lives or
operates together within a larger operates together within a larger community (surrounded)community (surrounded)
The IB program at LPThe IB program at LPKosovo in SerbiaKosovo in SerbiaChinatown in ChicagoChinatown in Chicago
EXCLAVEEXCLAVE – Part of one state isolated / – Part of one state isolated / separated from the main body by a separated from the main body by a foreign foreign state state (islands cannot be (islands cannot be exclaves)exclaves)Alaska & USAAlaska & USAW. Berlin & W. GermanyW. Berlin & W. Germany
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CC is A’s Enclave & B’s Exclave is A’s Enclave & B’s Exclave
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D is B’s Exclave, but it is not an D is B’s Exclave, but it is not an EnclaveEnclave
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Lesotho =Lesotho =
ENCLAVE ENCLAVE
CountryCountry
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ExclaveExclave
Alaska is ofAlaska is ofUSAUSA
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Virginia’s Exclave TerritoryVirginia’s Exclave Territory(also Fragmented!!!)(also Fragmented!!!)