AP European History Course Syllabus
Introduction:
The course teaches students relevant, factual knowledge about European History from 1450 through 2001. The course focuses
on three components of European History: intellectual and cultural history, political and diplomatic history, and social and economic
history. For much of the course, political topics (internal to specific countries) will receive somewhat more attention than diplomatic
(international relations) topics. However, connections can be made between domestic and international politics: e.g., the international
nature of conservatism in the early 19th century, and of Socialist and Communist movements in the 19th and 20th centuries. Students
explore social history with an emphasis on the experiences of different social classes, genders, and religious/ethnic groups, of which
economic activity is one part. The textbook and additional primary and secondary written, pictoral, and graphic sources will be used to
address these components throughout the course. Students will be expected to analyze and interpret historical evidence and
demonstrate understanding through written essays both based on documents (DBQs) and in response to prompts (FRQs).
Goals:
Students will be able to “chunk” European History according to defined periods of thought and action.
Students will be able to understand and cite the cause or multiple causes of historical events.
Students will be able to define important historical phenomena and experiences and compare them to similar events.
Students will learn to read, analyze, interpret, and evaluate primary and secondary sources for point of view and bias.
Students will understand that one’s historical experience is based on one’s group such as class, race, or gender.
Students will better understand who they are in relation to past and current events in order to make informed decisions.
Students will develop good writing skills based on understanding what is being asked, developing proper mechanics, and
developing a clear thesis for the question.
Text
Title: A History of the Modern World
Author: Palmer, Colton, and Kramer
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Edition: Tenth
Copyright: 2002
Supplemental Source Readings
Title: Readings in World History Title: The Concord Review Volume 14 #2 Title: Sources of the Western Tradition Volume II
Publisher: Allyn and Bacon Publisher: Will Fitzhugh Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Company
Copyright: 1970 Copyright: 2003 Copyright: 1991
Title: The Social Dimension of Western Civilization Vol. 2 Title: Louis XIV and Absolutism- A Brief Study with Documents
Author: Richard Golden Author: William Beik
Edition: 5 Copyright: 2000
Copyright: 2003
Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin
Course Outline
Unit (Time Period) Key Concepts Activities (Readings, Maps,
Works of Art)
Time Frame
Foundations of Modern
European History
(500 BC-1300 AD)
Chapter 1
Greek contributions:
architecture, art, governments
Roman contributions:
Roman law
Religion- Roman Catholic and
Eastern Orthodox
upheaval caused by the fall of Rome
Medieval contributions:
Feudalism
Guilds
architecture (Romanesque and Gothic
Cathedrals)
Hundred Years War
spread of Christianity
corruption of the Catholic Church
Thomas Aquinas vs. St. Augustine
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Art History Thumbnail
Assignment – Theme –
Portraits
2 Days
Renaissance and
Reformation
Secularization:
Humanism Biographical Sketches
6 Days
(1300-1648)
Chapters 2,3
Renaissance (rebirth of what?)
Problems faced by the Catholic Church-
Babylonian Captivity
lay religions
early reformers
Italian and Northern Humanists:
Machiavelli (Political Theory),
Erasmus
More
Castiglione
Petrarch
Renaissance Popes and their impact
Patrons:
Medici family and Church
Family and marriage patterns of the time
period
Gutenberg printing press and importance to
the Renaissance and Reformation
New Monarchs:
Tudors
Valois
Ferdinand and Isabella (Aragon &
Castile)
Habsburgs
Reconquista
Protestant Reformation:
religious, social, political, and
economic factors leading to the
reformation
Luther:
doctrinal differences
political rebellion
Calvin:
Vocabulary
FRQ: Contrast Renaissance
Florence with Reformation
Geneva with respect to
religion, government, and
everyday life.
Maps: Europe around 1600
and Europe after the Peace of
Westphalia
Readings:
“The Prince” by Niccolo
Machiavelli (Sources of the
Western Tradition Volume
II)
“On Papal Power,
Justification by Faith, and
the Interpretation of the
Bible.” (Sources of the
Western Tradition Volume
II)
predestination
religion not subject to state
Huguenots, Presbyterians, Puritans
Pope Leo X and Charles V
Counterreformation:
inquisition
council of Trent
Exploration and Settlement
Portuguese - Eastern Route to the Indies
Diaz and da Gama
Spain - Western Route to the Indies –
Columbus, Balboa, Magellan
Conquistadores - Cortes and Pizarro
Slave Trade
England, France, Dutch: Reasons they
were late in exploring
Commercial Revolution Entrepreneurs - Development of Middle
Class (bourgeois)
Domestic System/ Mercantilism -Guilds
Difference between E. and W. Europe
economically
Crusade of Catholic Spain
Phillip II – Century of Gold –
Political/religious unity
Netherlands Revolt:
Political,
economic,
religious (Council of Blood)
Intervention of England - Spanish
Armada
Civil/Religious War in France
Catholics vs. Huguenots –
nobility vs. king
St. Bartholomew Day Massacre
(Catherine de Medici)
Henry of Navare (IV)
Edict of Nantes
Louis XIII - Cardinal Richelieu
Social Change:
Forming of social classes – differences
between E. & W. Europe
Educational opportunities broaden
Thirty Years War:
German Civil War –
Austria and S. Germanic States vs.
Peace of Westphalia (sovereignty and
religious choice of Princes)
Absolutism in Europe
(1640-1763)
Chapters 4,5,7
France
Louis XIV - "Sun King" -
Universal Monarch - Balance of power/
William of Orange
Versailles
Centralized Gov't
Colbert - Financial Policies
Netherlands - Dutch
Stadholders
Center of Europe
Economically
Bank of Amsterdam – Carriers –
British Navigation Acts
Artistically
Baroque artists (Rembrandt, Hals,
Vermeer)
England
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Readings:
“Charles Perrault on
Colbert’s plans to glorify the
King” (Louis XIV &
Absolutism)
“Excerpts from Louis XIV’s
Memoires for the Instruction
of the Dauphin” (Louis XIV
and Absolutism)
Essay: Compare the
governments of France &
8 Days
Queen Elizabeth
British Civil War
Stuart Line (James I and Charles I)
Cromwell
Prides Purge, Rump Parliament, Regime
of the Major Generals
Restoration: Church of England
(Dissenters) , Parliament, King
Stuart Line (Charles II and James II)
Test Act
Glorious Revolution
William and Mary - Bill of Rights –
Act of Settlement
Balance of Power established
War of Spanish Succession - Cause &
Effects
Failures of the Ottoman Empire, Holy Roman Empire,
and the Republic of
Poland
Ottoman Empire
Religious differences
Republic of Poland
Weaknesses of Central Gov't
Holy Roman Empire
Germanic Liberties
Rise of Austria Empire (Austria, Hungary, Bohemia)
Prince Eugene of Savoy
modernization of army
defeat of Turks
Charles VI - Pragmatic Sanction
Maria Theresa - Division of Poland
Rise of Prussia (Brandenburg/Prussia)
England during the 17th
Century.
Art History Thumbnails– Architecture
Fredrick William (The Great Elector)
Militarism - Junkers
Fredrick the Great
Division of Poland
Enlightened Despot
Rise of Russia
Secluded (E. Orthodox, Controlled by
the Mongols, Lack of Warm Water
Ports)
Ivan III and Ivan IV (The Terrible)
Romanov Dynasty
Michael (ends the Time of Trouble)
Peter the Great
Great Northern War
Warm water Port (St Petersburg)
Westernization
Catherine the Great –
Warm Water Port on the Black Sea
Division of Poland
Enlightened Despot
Economy of 18th Century
Global Economy established
Domestic System expanded
Contributions of the Dutch, French and
British to the Global Economy
Contributions of Asia, Africa, and
America to the Global Economy
Widening gap between rich and poor
Parliaments gain power
England
Hanover Dynasty
George I
France
Louis XV
Advisor to Louis
Duke of Orleans
Economic Disasters of the 18th Century
South Seas/Mississippi Bubbles
Joint Stock Companies created
Gov't gives monopolies
Cause of collapse and how each was
handled
John Law
Cardinal Fluery
Robert Walpole
Economic Wars of the 18th century
War of the Austrian Succession
Prussia invades Selicia
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Seven Years War/French and Indian War
Results: English dominance on sea
and exchange of Canada
Scientific Revolution and
Enlightenment
(1500-1783)
Chapters 6,8
Scientific Method
Bacon
Inductive method
“true knowledge”
Descartes
Analytical Geometry
Deductive Method
Systematic Doubt
importance of Math
Cartesian Dualism
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Reading:
“Science in the Modern
World” (Readings in
World History)
6 Days
Medical Advances
Vesalius
Anatomy
replaced much of Galen's work from
Rome
Harvey
circulation of blood
Leeuwenhoek
discovery of bacteria
Astronomy 1500's
Copernicus
Heliocentric Theory
contradicts Ptolemy’s theory
Kepler
Law of Planetary motion
(elliptical orbits)
Galileo
Six times telescope and importance
Math and Physics
Newton
Calculus
Law of Gravity
Skepticism
no absolute truths
everything is relative
Baruch Spinoza
Religious views
"There are no just gov'ts"
Chronology
common dating system
Gregorian Calendar
Paleontography
deciphering, authenticating, and dating
DBQ Essay Format (1day)
DBQ Essay Writing (1day)
DBQ: How did political,
religious, and social factors
affected the work of
scientists in the 16th and 17th
centuries?
ancient documents
Political Theory
Thomas Hobbes
-absolutism
-"man is quarrelsome and if left alone
will fight"
-Man gives up individual rights and
freedoms and gov't protects the people
John Locke
-Constitutional
-"man is basically good but still needs
a gov't"
-Man agrees to obey the law and the
gov't protects their natural rights
-Man is obligated to overthrow gov't if
gov't doesn’t protect their natural rights
Philosophes
Diderot - "Encyclopedia"
Montesquieu
Aristocrat
"Spirit of the Laws"
Separation and Balance of Power
Gov't based on climate and
circumstance
Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) –
Bourgeois
"Crush the infamous thing"
"I do not agree with a word you say
but will defend to my death your right
to say it"
Any gov't is okay if it is enlightened
Rousseau
"Social Contract" and "Emile"
Individual will must give in to the
general Will
"Man is born free and everywhere is in
chains"
Forerunner of Democracy and
Romanticism
Physiocrats
Adam Smith - "Wealth of Nations" -
move from Mercantilism to Free trade
Enlightened Despots
France: Louis XV and XVI
Why enlightenment was least successful
in France
England: sought Democratic reforms -
Already had a workable form of gov't
Prussia:
Fredrick the Great
Enlightened reforms were limited to
those that didn't interfere with Militarism
Austria:
Joseph II - Enlightened reforms
Leopold II
Russia:
Catherine the Great
Gave Nobles rights
Pugachev's Rebellion
Repression follows
American Revolution
Causes
Declaration and Constitution
French Revolution and
Napoleonic Europe
(1780-1848)
Chapters 9,10
Background and Causes
Old Regime
Debt
Inequality
Eminent Property
Feudal taxes and privileges
American Revolution
Poor Harvests/Inflation
Significant Events
Great Fear
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
Executions of Louis XVI, Marie
Antoinette, and Robespierre
Reign of Terror
Coup d' etat of Fructidor and Brumaire –
Napoleon's plebescites
Governments
Old Regime - Constitutional
Monarch/Elected Legislative Assembly
1st Republic
Commune (revolutionary gov't in Paris)
Committee of Public Safety - Dictatorial
Directory (electors, Council of 500 and
Council of Ancients, 5 Directors)
Consulate (3 consuls - Napoleon is 1st
Consul)
Empire
Documents
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Constitutions –
Declaration of the Rights of Man and
Citizen
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Comparison Chart: Declaration of Independence
and Declaration of the Rights
of Man and Citizen
Reading:
“Political Culture and
Female Sociability in the
French Revolution” by
Dominique Godineau (Social
Dimensions)
Maps: Europe in 1812 and
Europe after the Congress of
Vienna
FRQ: Analyze various ways
in which government
policies during the
Revolutionary and
Napoleonic era contributed
to a greater sense of French
national identity in the period
1789 to 1815.
6 Days
(put the Church under the State)
Declaration of Pillnintz (Famous "If" by
Leopold II)
Groups
Jacobins, Ghirondins, Herbitists, Sans
Culottes, Mountains, Royalists,
Refractory Clergy, Constitutional
Clergy, Émigrés, Revolutionaries,
Counterrevolutionaries
People
Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette,
Robespierre, Danton, Marat, Leopold II,
Napoleon
Results of the Revolution
Equality
(civil rights, taxation, no titles of
nobility, under the law),
private property,
constitutions and male suffrage
Control by Napoleon
Grand Empire
(French Empire & Dependent States)
Allied States
Areas not controlled by Napoleon
England
Balkan Peninsula
Portugal
Napoleonic Reforms
Equality
Napoleonic Code
Constitutions
Abolishment of Feudalism
Religious Toleration
Continental System
Purpose & Results
Nationalism develops during this time
Spain - Germanic States - Italy - Poland
Despotism of Napoleon
Secret Police - Dependent states must
send soldiers and money
Europe forced to abide by the continental
system
Constitutions justified his absolute power
Napoleon's Downfall and Defeat
Russia (Alexander I)
Exile
100 Days/ Waterloo
Exile
Congress of Vienna
Metternich
Create balance of Power around France
Restore boundaries and gov'ts
Ignores nationalism
Leads to 50 years of revolution in Europe
Reaction vs. Progress
(1815-1871)
Chapters 11,12,13
Industrial Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Laissez Faire
"Natural Laws of Market Economy"
Iron Law of Wages
Ricardo & Malthus
"Dismal Science"
Problems associated with workers in the early
factories and mines
Problems associated with the new factory towns
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Isms Chart: Comparison
with twenty isms throughout
History
Reading:
“Factory Discipline in the
10 Days
Creation of the Proletariat
Ways to achieve change:
Unions
Socialism
Realist Writers
Triumph of Bourgeois
Development of "ISMS"
FLOOD Liberalism
Capitalism
Radicalism/Republicanism
Nationalism
Socialism
Chartism
Constitutionalism DIKE
Absolutism
Conservatism
DIKE & FLOOD in Europe
Revolution in France:
Louis XVIII
White Terror
Charles X
July Ordinances
July Revolution
Abdication
Louis Phillipe
"Bourgeois Monarch"
Feb. Revolution
Revolution in Germany:
Burschenschaft
Carlsbad Decrees by Metternich
Revolution in England:
Industrial Revolution” by
Sidney Pollard (Social
Dimensions)
Art History Thumbnails –
Historical, Revolutionary,
Women, & Religious
Reading:
“The Rise of Socialism &
The Rise of Nationalism”
(Readings of World History)
FRQ: “In the second half of
the nineteenth century, most
European governments were
conservative.” To what
extent is this quotation
accurate? Use specific
examples from at least TWO
countries.
Corn Laws
Peterloo Masacre
Six Acts
Repeal of corn laws - signals shift in power
from aristocracy to bourgeois
Reform Bill - redistribute voting districts to
take in allow for factory towns
Revolution in Belgium:
Sought independence from the Netherlands
Other Congresses (Aix-la-Chappelle, Troppau,
Verona)
Success: Maintained conservatism
Failure: because of individual interests
Revolution in France
Feb. Rev. - Abdication of Louis Philippe
Provisional Gov't - Louis Blanc (Socialist)
Social Workshops - for the Proletariat BUT
paid for by the Bourgeois
Bloody June Days - Class war
(proletariats vs. bourgeois)
Republican Constitution
universal male suffrage
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected President
Louis Napoleon maneuvers to become
Napoleon III
Revolution in Austria
Magyars (Hungarians) led by Louis Kossuth
Nationalist movement
Revolution in Germany
Frankfurt Assembly
Purpose: Create a unified Germany
Declaration of the Rights of the German
People excludes Austria
Failure: lack of power or authority
Realpolitik Theory
Development of Marxism
1st and 2nd International –
"Communist Manifesto" by Marx and Engels
Marxist Theory
Crimean War:
Cause: Russia invades Ottoman Empire under the
pretext of protecting the Christians in the area
they really just want land
Sides:
Peace of Paris:
Integrity of Ottoman Empire is guaranteed in
order to maintain the Balance of Power in Europe
Italian Unification
Mazzini - Risorgimento
Cavour (Prime Minister of Piedmont)
intend on unifying Italy
Franco-Austrian Agreement
Garibaldi (Red Shirts)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies unites with N.
Italy
Victor Emanuel III becomes 1st King of Italy
Venetia is added in 1866
Papal States come into Italy as the Vatican is
created in 1870
German Unification
Prussia - Bismarck
Schleswig-Holstein Question
Austro Prussian War (Seven Weeks War)
Northern German Confederation
Franco Prussian War
German Empire created
Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
Ausgleich
Slavs left out - later problems
Liberalization of Russia
Alexander II
Emancipation Act
Mir Reforms of the Legal System
Zemstvos
Assassination
Alexander III
Repression
Canada
Lord Durham
Dominion of Canada
Become a member of the British
Commonwealth of Nations
Westernization of Japan - Meiji Dynasty
European World Supremacy
(1871-1914)
Chapters 14,15,16
Zones of Civilization:
Inner, outer, 3rd
World Economy
Free Trade
Economic Barriers
Tariffs
Europe's Balance of Payments
Export of European Capital
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Reading:
“Social Darwinism” by
Linnea N. Meyer (Concord
Review)
9 Days
Big Business: Monopolies and trusts
Advance of Labor Unions
Advance of Democracy
France: 3rd Republic - Dreyfus Affair
England: Constitutional Monarch
Queen Victoria
Liberal Party (Gladstone)
Conservative Party (Disraeli)
Ireland: Home Rule
Suspended (WWI)
Dominion Status
Germany: Bismarck
Kulturkampf - failed
Antisocialist Laws - failed
Overall Democratic Reforms: Extension of
suffrage, relaxation of property qualifications,
mass political parties replaced older parties,
written constitutions (everywhere but Russia),
representative institutions
Advance of Socialism:
1st International: set up socialist philosophy
2nd International: set up socialist parties
Split of socialist parties
Revolutionaries (Bolsheviks) vs.
Revisionists (Fabians and Mensheviks)
Dictatorship of the Proletariat Science:
Darwin -Evolution
"Origin of Species" & "Descent of Man"
Mendel - Genetics
Psychology - Freud & Pavlov
Physics - Radiation/Energy
Albert Einstein (theory of relativity)
Philosophy:
Comparison Chart: Old
Liberalism and New
Liberalism
DBQ – How Russians
perceived the condition of
the Russian peasantry and
how they proposed to change
that condition.
Art History Thumbnails– Genre & Social
Commentaries
Reading:
Europe Turns to Expansion
(Readings in World History)
Cause and Effect of
Imperialism Chart
Nietzsche
"Christian values (humility, patience,
brotherly love, and hope) were a slave
morality concocted by the weak to disarm
the strong - much better qualities were
courage, love of danger, intellectual
excellence, and beauty of character
(classical paganism)
Development of Agnosticism: Herbert Spencer and
Ernst Haeckel
"Anything unknowable to science must
remain unknowable forever – the
acknowledgement of ignorance
Religion:
Protestants: Fundamentalists vs. Modernists
Catholics: Vatican council-Papal Infallibility
Acceptance of the Vatican (1 mile square)
Judaism: anti semitism, zionists,
emancipation vs. assimilation
New Liberalism: more democratic, economic
nationalism, religious freedom
Imperialism: (colonies, protectorates, spheres of
influence)
Causes & Motives
Surplus Capital Theory
Hobson and Lenin
Self Protecting & Self Sustaining Empire –
Chamberlain
White Man's Burden - Rudyard Kipling
Advance empire, raw materials, market for
goods, scientific discoveries, humanitarian,
religious conversion
Positive and Negative results of Imperialism
Africa: Stanley - Dr. Livingston - Leopold II
East/West & North/South Belts
Fashoda Crisis
Boer War
China: Spheres of influence
Problems of Manchu Dynasty
Taiping Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
Opium War
Japan:
Russo-Japanese War
Effects:
Leads to WWI
Russian Revolution
Revolts in Asia
WWI and Russian
Revolution
(1914-1939)
Chapters 17,18
Causes:
Military buildups / naval race
Alliance:
Triple Alliance & Triple Entente
Balkan Peninsula problems
Extreme Nationalism
Race for Empire - problems caused by
imperialism
Sequence of Events
Assassination of Arch Duke Francis
Ferdinand (Heir to Aust-Hung. Throne)
Blank check given to Austria from Germany
Ultimatum to Serbia
Russian troops begin to mobilize
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Chart:
Snowballing to War
Maps: Europe in 1914 and in 1918
Reading: “The Price of Glory: Verdun
1916” by Alistair Horne
(Social Dimensions)
6 Days
Germany warns Russia to stop mobilization
Ultimatum is refused by Serbia feeling they
will lose their sovereignty
Austria declares war on Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia & France
Schleifen Plan
Germany invades France through
Netherlands and Belgium
England declares war on Germany
New Weapons used in WWI
Warfare on both Eastern and Western front
Battles of Marne, Somme, & Verdum
Russian Revolution:
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
America enters WWI:
Sinking of the Lusitania
Zimmerman Telegram
Weimar Republic is created
Peace Settlements:
Peace of Paris of 1919
Desires of Countries at peace conference:
Britain (reparations and revenge)
France(revenge and Protection from Germany)
U.S.A. (lasting peace - 14 pts)
Italy (land), Japan (land)
Wilson's 14 pts
Treaty of Versailles
War Quilt Clause
Results of Paris Settlements
Weimar republic is forced to sign treaty
Italy and Japan are upset because they don't
receive the land they wanted
League of Nations is set up without U.S.A.,
Reading: “Bolshevik Revolution and
World Communism”
(Readings in World History)
Comparison Chart: Russian Economy (War
Communism, N.E.P., 5 year
Plans)
Germany, and Soviet Union
Pre Revolution:
Revolutionary Parties
Social Democrats:
Bolsheviks (Revolutionary)
Mensheviks (Revisionists)
Rev. Leaders:
Plekhanov
Axelrod
Lenin (exile)
Stalin (exile)
Trotsky
Revolution of 1905:
Bloody Sunday
Oct. Manifesto
Stolypin Reforms
Stages of the Russian Revolution-March 1917
Russian Rev.
Petrograd Soviets
Duma Committee
Provisional Gov't
Prince Lvov
Alexander Kerensky
Abdication of the Czar
Bolshevik Revolution-Nov. 1917
Provisional Gov't calls for an elect
Constituent Assembly
Lenin: Promises "Peace, Bread, and Land"
Backed by Trotsky who controls the
Petrograd Soviets
Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow the
Constituent Assembly
Establish "Dictatorship of the Proletariat"
Civil War:
Reds (Bolsheviks or Communists) vs.
Whites (all other political groups)
Allies of WWI back the Whites in order to
get Russia back into the War
War Communism is established as the
economic policy
Reds defeat the Whites and the U.S.S.R. is
Established
U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
State: Power goes from bottom up (democratic-
people elects their leaders)
Under control of party
Bicameral Parliament: Soviet of Nationalities &
Soviet of the Union
Party:
Power from the top
(Central Committee-Politburo-General
Secretary)
Only 1 political party is allowed
Communist
limited to an elite few
Purges of political party
Party members at all levels of Gov't
N.E.P. (New Economic Program) - Kulaks
Power struggle after death of Lenin
Trotsky "Permanent Revolution" vs. Stalin
5 Year Plans:
Collectivization (Kulaks)
Industry (Heavy Industry & Quotas)
Purges
International Communism:
3rd International (Comintern)
The Interwar Period (1919-
1939)- Chapter 19,20
Social Democracy is advanced everywhere
Central/Eastern Europe Economic Problems
Weimar Republic
Sparticist Rebellion (communist uprising)
Kapp Putsch (put down by workers in the city
shutting everything down)
Dealing with the Versailles Treaty
$35 Billion Reparations
leads to inflation
Ruhr Valley Incident -catastrophic inflation
Dawes Plan:
Responsibility of France, U.S.A., and
Germany
Spirit of Locarno
Asian Revolts:
against foreign control
Turkish Rebellion:
Mustapha Kemal (Ataturk)
Separation of Church and State
Westernization of Customs and Economy
Persia : Iran
India: Gandhi & Nehru (nationalist leaders)
Chinese Revolution:
Dr. Sun yat-sen
"Three People's Principles"
benevolent dictator
Kuomingtang
Ally with communist Russia
Chiang Kai-shek replaces Sun yat-sen
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Readings:
“The Kellogg-Briand Pact”
(Readings in World History)
“The Great Depression”
(Readings in World History)
DBQ- How did Europeans
perceive the role of
organized sport from 1860-
1940?
4 Days
Kuomingtang splits:
Chinese Red Army led by Mao Tse Tung
and Nationalists (Kuomingtang) led by
Chiang Kai-shek
Long March:
Chinese Red Army flees to N. China
Alliance of Kuomingtang and Communists to
fight Japan in WWII
The Great Depression:
Gov't reactions:
Deficit Financing (New Deal) FDR
Retrenchment (Ramsey McDonald)
Economic Nationalism
Ireland:
Irish Republic / Ulster
Sinn Fein Party / IRA
France:
3rd Republic
Diminished effects of the depression
Conservatives - Raymond Poincare
Popular Front - Leon Blum
Radical Socialists - Daladier
Italy:
Mussolini "Duce"
Fascism / Corporate State
March on Rome (protect against communists)
Blackshirts
Germany:
Third Reich
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler
Brownshirts
Effects of the Great Depression
Adolph Hitler:
Fuhrer
"Mein Kampf"
Extreme Nationalism
President Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor
Hitler voted Dictatorial Power
Gestapo
Anti-Semitism
Kristallnacht "night of broken glass"
Nuremburg Laws
Totalitarianism:
Only 1 political party
Purges / Secret Police
Censorship and propaganda
glorification of War
State is more important than the individual
Gov't control of economic system
WWII
(1939-1945)
Chapter 21
Weakness of Democracies
Pacifist Gov'ts:
Maginot Line
French Defensive system
Disunity of the World
Isolationism:
U.S.A.
Hitler:
Gradual Encroachment
Repudiation of Versailles Treaty
Military expansion
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Reading: “German Killers in the
Holocaust: Behavior and
Motivation: by Christopher
R. Browning (Social
Dimensions)
2 Days
Rearm the Rhineland
Anschluss - peaceful annexation of Austria
Spanish Civil War
supported Fransisco Franco
practiced Blitzkreig
Munich Crisis - appeasement by Daladier &
Chamberlain
Sudetenland given to Hitler
End of Appeasement:
Fall of Czechoslavakia
Nazi-Soviet Pact
Openpart (non aggression pact)
Secret part (divide up Poland)
WWII begins 1939:
Invasion of Poland (W-Germany, E-USSR)
Phony War 1940:
Hitler invades Norway, Sweden,
Denmark, Netherland, Belgium, France
Dunkirk
France Falls:
Occupied in the North and Vichy France
in the South
Mussolini's endeavors
Battle of Britain:
RAF – Churchill
Hitler invades the U.S.S.R.:
Battle of Stalingrad and Leningrad
Hitler invades N. Aftrica (attempts to take the
Suez Canal to join with Japan)
Turning Points in European Theatre
Battle of El Alamein
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle for Sicily
Comparison Chart: Cost and Causalities of WWI
& WWII
Art History Thumbnails– Reflections of Time Periods
In History
FRQ: Considering the
period 1933 to 1945, analyze
the economic, diplomatic,
and military reasons for
Germany’s defeat in the
Second World War.
War in the Pacific Theater
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
Japanese Domination
Turning Points in the Pacific Theatre
Battle of Coral Sea
Battle of Midway
Crucial Battles for the Allies in the Pacific
Philippines - Douglas MacArthur
Okinawa, Iwo Jima
Atomic Bombs
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Conferences held during the war:
Atlantic Charter
Teheran
Casablanca
Yalta
Potsdam
Big Three
Holocaust
Final Solution
Camps-Auschwitz, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor
War Crimes Trials
Eastern Europe:
Communism
"Iron Curtain has descended"
Germany-Division between France, England, U.S.A.,
and Russia
Postwar Europe
(1945-1955)
Chapter 22
The Cold War
Super Powers :
U.S.A. & U.S.S.R. (Political, Social, &
Economic Differences)
United Nations:
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
3 Days
General Assembly and Security Council
(5 permanent members)
NATO / Warsaw Pact
Baruch Plan
Nuclear Arms Race
Truman Doctrine:
"stop the spread of communism"
Cominform
International Communism
Berlin Blockade
Berlin Airlift
Result (E. & W. Berlin and Berlin Wall)
Korean War-UN War???
Economic Reconstruction
Marshall Plan:
Western Europe (accept the Marshall Plan)
Eastern Europe (not allowed to accept the
Marshall Plan)
Political Reconstruction of Western Europe
Britain:
Parliamentary Socialism
Labour / Conservative Parties
France:
4th Republic
Charles de Gaulle
Rally of the French People
French Algerian War
5th Republic
Charles de Gaulle elected President
ends French Algerian War
Germany:
Denazification
GDR
Map: 1945-1989
Readings: “Cold War and The Truman
Doctrine” by Trent
Magruder (Concord Review)
“Prague Spring of 1968” by
Jessica Pfeffer
(Concord Review)
(East Germany - communist)
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany
- democratic)
Wirtschaftswunder - "economic miracle"
Konrad Adenauer
Willy Brandt
Ostopolitik (openess with E. Europe)
Italy:
Christian Democrats vs. Communists Global
Economy:
Free Market Economies
European Integration
ECSC & EEC (Common Market)
Communist World
U.S.S.R.:
Stalin
Terror
KGB
Khrushchev:
Destalinization
Peaceful Coexistence
Cuban Missile Crisis
Brezhnev:
Brezhnev Doctrine
Eastern Europe
Yugoslavia:
Marshal Tito - goes his own way
Comecon
Soviet Marshall Plan
Repression: E. Germany, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia (Prague Spring), Poland
China:
Civil War:
People's Republic of China (communist –
mainland) & Nationalist China (democratic
Taiwan)
Communist China:
Chairman Mao
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution
Devolution and Nationalism
(1945-2001)
Chapter 23, 24
End of European Empires in Asia
India
Gandhi & Nehru (Nationalist leaders)
Non violent revolution for independence &
greater tolerance within India
1947 - Britain creates India & Pakistan
Mass expulsions & migrations
Gandhi assassinated by a Hindu extremist
Nehru
President
Parliamentary Democracy
Problems:
Religious Differences (Hindu/Muslim)
Huge gap between rich and poor
Caste system
Pakistan Civil War
Creation of Bangladesh (E. Pakistan)
Pakistan and India still fighting over Kashmir
Indochina (French)
Vietnam backed by the communists fought for
independence from France (1946-1953)
Ho Chi Minh
Communist Vietnamese
Viet Minh
U.S.A. aided France financially
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Reading:
“UN Declaration of Human
Rights”
FRQ: Analyze various
factors that contributed to the
process of decolonization in
the period 1914 to 1975.
3 Days
1954 - Geneva Conference
Recognized independence of Vietnam,
Cambodia, and Laos
Vietnam partitioned at the 17th parallel until
elections could be held
Civil War breaks out between the N. and S.
Vietnam War:
U.S.A. sides with the South to prevent spread
of communism
Philippines (America)
1946 - Full independence was granted
Ferdinand Marcos (President )
virtually a dictator
1986 forced into exile
Corazon Aquino
replaced Marcos as president
Democracy and civil rights
African Revolutions:
French North Africa;
French-Algerian War (7 years)
Charles de Gaulle (new Pres. of France)
grants Algeria independence
South Africa
Afrikaners
Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
African National Congress International
Sanctions
Pres. F.W. deKlerk
Reforms to end Apartheid
Overall Results of African Revolutions:
Independence from Foreign rule
Problems:
Civil war
Dictators
lack of human and civil rights
famine
"African Socialism"
epidemics (AIDS)
ethnic slaughter
economic stagnation
Middle East:
Arab World:
unified by a common opposition to the
State of Israel
Israel:
Zionism
Balfour Declaration in 1917
Britain terminates mandate of Palestine
1947: UN divided Palestine into Jewish and
Arab Zone
1948: Israel backed by U.S.A. declared the
Republic of Israel
1st Arab/Israeli War:
Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq
invade Israel
Results:
Israel gains W. Jerusalem Jordan gained
the W. Bank and control of E.
Jerusalem
Arab states refuse to accept a half
million Palestinian refugees
Israel builds a modern, urban, industrial,
democratic nation
2nd Arab/Israeli War:
"Six Days War" (1956)
Cause: Nasser (Egypt) closed the Suez
canal to Israel and then moved to close
the Gulf of Aqaba which will strangle
Israeli economy
Israel retaliates by striking Egypt
Results:
Israel defeats Egypt, Syria, and Jordan
Israel gains:
W. Bank (Jordan)
Golan Heights (Syria)
Sinai Pen.
Gaza Strip (Egypt)
Israel now 4 times its original size
3rd Arab/Israel War:
"Yon Kippur War" (1973)
Sadat (Egypt) attacks Israel on Yom
Kippur
International intervention
American mediated settlement:
Israel withdrew from W. Bank of Suez
but continued to occupy the Sinai Pen.
1979:
Peace accord between Israel and Egypt
Israel withdrew from Sinai
Egypt allowed Israel to use Suez
1964:
PLO organized under Yasir Arafat
4th Arab/Israel War:
Lebanon was in Civil War (Muslims vs.
Christians)
PLO guerrilla's made raids into Israel and then
retreated and hid in Lebanon
Israel invades Lebanon and forces PLO to
leave
"Territory for Peace -1993:
Israel recognized the PLO
1st step for Palestinian self-gov't in occupied
territories (Jericho on W. Bank and Gaza
Strip)
PLO recognized Israel as a legitimate State
Iran:
Revolution
Islamic Fundamentalists (Shi’ite
Revolutionary Leaders)
Shah flees
Ayatollah Khomeini returns from exile and
assumes leadership of "Islamic Republic"
Islamic Law (as interpreted by the clerics)
took precedence over secular law
Revolutionary students seize the American
Embassy- 15 months
Iran/Iraq War:
Border Dispute
Iraq backed by U.S. and Iran backed by
U.S.S.R.
Persian Gulf War:
Iraq -- to recover losses from war with Iran
invades Kuwait
The Developing World
The End of Empires
Third World Countries
1st world countries led by the U.S. aided the
economic & social development
1960's - known as the "Developmental Decade"
Financed projects for improving agriculture,
building industry, and combating
disease and illiteracy
Advances in 3rd world countries were SLOW
NIC's (Newly Industrialized Countries )
between 3rd world and 1st & 2nd world
Countries that had the potential to turn their
national wealth into modernization of
economies and societies
4th World Countries:
impoverished nations with huge populations
Sub-Saharan African States, Bangladesh, Haiti
Coexistence and
Confrontation
(1955-1989)
Chapter 25,26
Confrontation and Détente from 1955-1975
Khrushchev:
Possibility & necessity for "Peaceful Coexistence"
Eisenhower: Continued Policy of "Containment"
NATO: Adopted a policy of "Massive Retaliation"
Détente:
"Spirit of Geneva"
"Camp David"
Cold War continues:
Eisenhower Doctrine: used to protect our
economic (oil) interests in the Middle East
Nuclear Arms Race
ICBM's
Mutual Deterrence
Space Race (Sputnik and Explorer I)
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
U.S.A. fills the vacuum left by French in Vietnam
Brezhnev Doctrine: used to put down revolts in E.
Europe without Western Interference
Détente: 1970's
Helsinki Conference: pledged to work for a
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
Reading:
“Peaceful Coexistence”
(Readings in World History)
2 Days
permanent peace in Europe
Global Economy:
Importance of OPEC controlling oil production
Recession of the 1970's
Stagflation: stagnation combined with inflation
Keynesian philosophy used in USA
Retrenchment in Europe:
England: Margret Thatcher (conservative)
France: Mitterand (socialist)
Germany: Helmut Schmidt (social democrat)
Prosperity returns in the 1980's
Mutual Interdependence:
Annual Economic Summits:
"Group of Seven”
Moving towards an European Union
Return to the Cold War:
1979: Soviets invade Afghanistan to back a weak
Soviet leftist Regime
U.S.A. response
Nuclear Arms Control:
Nations gaining Nuclear capabilities:
U.S.A., Soviet Union, England, France, China,
India, Israel, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, N. Korea
MAD: Mutually assured destruction - MIRV
China after Chairman Mao:
Deng Xiaoping: Reform program focused on
economic growth
Socialist market economy
restored land to farmers
Opened country to foreign investment
New emphasis on consumer goods
Country enjoyed a huge rise in living standards
Downside
Rapid economic growth fueled High Inflation
Rising levels of consumption strained resources
Corruption became widespread
gov't leaders linked to businesses
Deng calls for retrenchment and stop to reforms
Deng's downfall
Tiananmen Square
Democratic student demonstrations
Deng took a hard line
troops opened fire on the demonstrators
The Changing Modern World
(1989-2001)
Chapter 27
A Crisis in the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev:
Perestroika & Glasnost
Results:
Economy was far worse than he expected
Gorbachev moved gradually
Many of the new reforms were blocked by the
Communist Party authorities
Agriculture fell short of what was needed
Collectivization remained
Constitutional changes
1985 - Openly contested elections were held
1990 - Gorbachev elected President of the USSR
Split of the country
Old guard (hardliners) - resisted change
Democratic reformers – more change
Ethnic Tensions: between republics
Republics raise demands for Sovereignty (Baltics)
Gorbachev and the West:
"A different road to the Future"
"Highest concern must be universal Human
interests and the universal Human idea"
USSR no longer a military threat
Biographical Sketches
Vocabulary
DBQ: Views concerning
immigration to Europe
during late 20th century
Reading: “Ethnic Cleansing in the
Wars of Yugoslav
Succession” by Norman M.
Naimark (Social Dimension)
3 Days
Collapse of Communism in Central and E. Europe:
Poland:
Lech Walesa (leader of Solidarity) wins the
Nobel Peace Prize
1989: 1st election: Solidarity (Labour Union)
won victory in all contested seats
Coalition gov't with Communists as a minority
Party-State dictatorship ended without bloodshed
Hungary:
1988: Multiparty elections allowed
communist Party dismantled peacefully
Hungary opened border to Austria
GDR (German Democratic Republic)
1989: Honecker eased travel restrictions
Demonstrations forced Honecker to resign
1989 Wall is opened
Communist Party falls
Pressure for reunification begins to build
Four allied powers give approval
Oct. 3, 1990 Germany is united
Czechoslovakia:
Demonstrations and threat of a general strike
caused resignation of gov't and party officials.
Gorbachev removed all Soviet troops
Bulgaria:
Communists resign and rename themselves
"socialists"
Romania:
Ceausescu's security force put down revolts when
army refused to
People overthrow Ceausescu and his wife and put
them on trial --- firing squad
Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union:
1991 Gorbachev turns to hardliners for support
Democratic reformers turned to Boris Yeltsin
Yeltsin elected Pres. of Russia
"Union Treaty": gave more autonomy to Republics
August Coup
Hardliners replaced Gorbachev
Yeltsin supported Gorbachev
Military failed to back hardliners and the Coup
failed
Gorbachev defended "socialism" and the unity of
the U.S.S.R.
Yeltsin came out against the Communist Party and
suspended its activities within the Russian Republic
The Soviet Congress of People's Deputies made the
decree by Yeltsin valid for all the U.S.S.R.
Gorbachev grants Baltic States independence
All Republics pushed for independence
3 Slavic States (Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus)
declare their independence
Gorbachev resigned as President of the crumbling
Soviet Union
Soviet Union is dismantled and becomes The
Commonwealth of Independent States CIS
After Communism:
Czechoslovakia 1993:
Peaceful split - Czech Republic and Slovakia
Yugoslavia:
States within the Nation (Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo,
Macedonia, and Serbia)
different ethnic background and religions
Slobodan Milosevic (Serbian Leader)
Croatia and Slovenia alarmed - declare themselves
independent Republics
Bosnia-Herzegovina - respond by declaring their
independence
1991 - War breaks out - Serbian Guerrilla army
attacks Croatia and Slovenia
Ethnic cleansing of Muslims by Serbs
Intellectual and Social Currents:
Nuclear Physics
Space Exploration - Space Race -
1980 - International Cooperation
Religion:
Continuing Secularization
Ecumenical Movement in Christianity:
Unite branches of Protestants
Modernists (Protestants)
Fundamentalists (Islamic)
Catholic Church:
Absolved Jews from the charge of Deicide
Mass in the vernacular
Youth Rebellion of the 60's:
Rebelling Youth made heroes of the sworn foes of
the established order (Ho Chi Minh, Mao, Castro)
Women's Liberation
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women Leaders:
Indira Gandhi (India)
Golda Meir (Israel)
Margret Thatcher (England )
Corazon Aquino (Philippines)