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Antibiotics & Bacterial Resistance
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Antibiotics
Are natural substances that stops or destroys microorganisms by attacking metabolic pathways in the bacteria
Example penicillin which works by preventing bacteria
from constructing a normal cell membraneStreptomycin works by preventing bacteria
from manufacturing proteins
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The first antibiotic
1928 – discovered by accident Alexander Fleming in St. Mary's Hospital, London (UK)
He received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945 along
with his two colleagues
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Fleming noticed that the mould was releasing a substance that was inhibiting bacterial growth and lysing (killing) the bacteria.
Grew a pure culture of the mould and discovered that it was a Penicillium mould, now known to be Penicillium chrysogenum.
The first antibiotic
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‘Age of Antibiotics’
Since the 1940s researchers have identified more then 2500 naturally occurring antibiotics that can be used to treat infections
However, over the 50 years since, many disease-causing bacteria have become slowly resistant to the antibiotics
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Antibiotic resistance
Initially when a antibiotic is introduced into a system… it kills off the weaker strains of bacteria
This leaves behind the strong strains
These strong strains have slight variations within their genetic material which allow then to survive the antibiotic
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These strong bacteria reproduce to pass on their strong fighting ability
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Antibiotic use in animals
A large percentage of antibiotics produced are used in livestock production in 3 ways…
Therapeutic doses to treat disease
Preventative doses to reduce risk of disease or death during production
Low dose added to feed to promote growth
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Non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in farm animals is a good or bad
thing?
Take 5 minutes and discuss with the person beside you whether it’s a good or bad thing to
add antibiotic to livestock feed
Think about… production rates, consumer thoughts, price of meat at the store, health of animals
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YouTube
“Super Bugs – Bacterial Drug Resistance”“Thom and the Super Bugs” - funny
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What do you guys think?