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ANSI/AIHA Ventilation Standards ANSI/AIHA Ventilation Standards --““A Consensus ApproachA Consensus Approach””
J. Lindsay Cook, CIH, CSPJ. Lindsay Cook, CIH, CSP
Raleigh • CharlotteRichmond • Louisville
2101 Gateway Centre Blvd. Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560 • Tel: (919) 544-7500 • Fax: (919) 544-2199 • www.ei1.com
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History of Standards DevelopmentHistory of Standards Development
ASME ASME –– 1914 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code1914 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
NFPANFPA–– Established 1896 to Establish sprinkler system Established 1896 to Establish sprinkler system
uniformityuniformity
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Some Standard BenefitsSome Standard Benefits……..
Simplify Product DevelopmentSimplify Product DevelopmentReduce CostsReduce CostsIncrease ProductivityIncrease ProductivityEnsure SafetyEnsure SafetyPermit InterchangeabilityPermit InterchangeabilityEnhance AcceptabilityEnhance AcceptabilityMaintain UniformityMaintain Uniformity
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Standards Development Standards Development OrganizationsOrganizations
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American National Standards American National Standards InstituteInstitute
ANSI is the National Standards Body for the United ANSI is the National Standards Body for the United StatesStatesStandards Are Adopted, Not Written, By ANSIStandards Are Adopted, Not Written, By ANSIAccredited SDO or Technical CommitteeAccredited SDO or Technical CommitteeMay Be Mandatory, If Adopted Into Regulations (NEC)May Be Mandatory, If Adopted Into Regulations (NEC)
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Shifting Emphasis To International Shifting Emphasis To International StandardsStandards
ISO ISO –– International Organization for International Organization for Standardization (1947)Standardization (1947)Harmonization of National StandardsHarmonization of National StandardsRemove Technical Trade BarriersRemove Technical Trade BarriersWorldwide Market AcceptanceWorldwide Market Acceptance
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The Standards ProcessThe Standards Process
Based On Voluntary ConsensusBased On Voluntary ConsensusSupported By the Private SectorSupported By the Private SectorWork Done By Technical CommitteesWork Done By Technical CommitteesMany StakeholdersMany StakeholdersGovernment & Industry Participate As EqualsGovernment & Industry Participate As Equals
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Principles of Voluntary ConsensusPrinciples of Voluntary Consensus
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ANSI/AIHA Z9 RepresentationANSI/AIHA Z9 Representation
Alliance of American InsurersAlliance of American Insurers US Department of the NavyUS Department of the NavyACGIHACGIH NSEMANSEMAAmerican American FoundrymenFoundrymen’’ss SocietySociety General MotorsGeneral Motors
American American GloveboxGlovebox SocietySociety Harvard UniversityHarvard UniversityAIHAAIHA MITMITASHRAEASHRAE Norton CompanyNorton CompanyAmerican Welding SocietyAmerican Welding Society American Petroleum InstituteAmerican Petroleum InstituteGrinding Wheel InstituteGrinding Wheel Institute American Public Health AssociationAmerican Public Health AssociationNIOSHNIOSH Foundry Equip. Mfg. AssociationFoundry Equip. Mfg. AssociationUS OSHAUS OSHA US Air ForceUS Air Force
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ANSI/AIHA Ventilation StandardsANSI/AIHA Ventilation Standards
Z9.1 Z9.1 -- Ventilation and Operation of Open Surface TanksVentilation and Operation of Open Surface Tanks
Z9.2 Z9.2 -- Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Ventilation SystemsLocal Exhaust Ventilation Systems
Z9.3 Z9.3 -- Spray Finishing Operations Spray Finishing Operations –– Design Construction Design Construction and Operationand Operation
Z9.4 Z9.4 -- Abrasive Blasting Operations Abrasive Blasting Operations –– Ventilation and Safe Ventilation and Safe Practices for Fixed LocationsPractices for Fixed Locations
Z9.5 Z9.5 -- Laboratory VentilationLaboratory Ventilation
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ANSI/AIHA Ventilation StandardsANSI/AIHA Ventilation StandardsZ9.6 Z9.6 -- Exhaust Systems for Grinding, Polishing and Exhaust Systems for Grinding, Polishing and
BuffingBuffingZ9.7 Z9.7 -- Recirculation of Air From Industrial Process Recirculation of Air From Industrial Process
Exhaust SystemsExhaust Systems
Z9.9 Z9.9 -- Portable Ventilation SystemsPortable Ventilation Systems
AIHA Guideline 2AIHA Guideline 2--2004 2004 -- Management Operation Testing Management Operation Testing and Maintenance of HVAC Systems for Acceptableand Maintenance of HVAC Systems for Acceptable IAQ in Nonin Non--industrial Occupanciesindustrial Occupancies
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Standards DevelopmentStandards Development
Public - Private PartnershipVoluntary StandardsPrivate Sector Participation Is Critical
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Information ResourcesInformation Resources
www.aiha.orgwww.aiha.orgwww.acgih.orgwww.acgih.orgwww.ansi.orgwww.ansi.org
Lindsay CookLindsay Cookwww.ei1.comwww.ei1.com
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.1 Ventilation StandardANSI/AIHA Z9.1 Ventilation StandardVentilation and Control of Airborne Ventilation and Control of Airborne
Contaminants During OpenContaminants During Open--SurfaceSurfaceTank OperationsTank Operations
John W Sheehy,John W Sheehy, PhD, CIH, PEPhD, CIH, PE
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Z9.1 Subcommittee MembersZ9.1 Subcommittee Members
• John Sheehy• Jeff Burton• Kathleen Paulson• George Adams• Charles Boone• Ken Hankinson• Frank Cichon• Robert Hughes
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ObjectivesObjectives(for this edition)(for this edition)
• Stand alone document• Incorporate new technology and experience• Use a combination of control approaches to
protect workers• Allow for two LEV design approaches: Control
Velocity or Hemeon• Minimize duplications with ACGIH Industrial
Ventilation Manual
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Tanks with oneTanks with one--sided lateral exhaust hoodssided lateral exhaust hoods
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Applications and ExclusionsApplications and Exclusions
• Applies to open surface tank (OST) operations: washing, electroplating, anodizing, pickling, degreasing, dipping, stripping, rinsing and similar operations
• Excludes molten material handling, surface coating by spraying, brushing, pouring etc. and wet sink operations in the semi-conductor industry
• Not intended to cover fire protection
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Contents Contents
• Purpose of Z9.1 standard: to protect the health of workers
• Open-surface tank operations classified according to risk
• Exposure and emission control requirements to maintain air contaminants below acceptable limits
• Local exhaust ventilation design including push-pull ventilation and general ventilation
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Hard chrome plating tank with Hard chrome plating tank with pushpush--pull ventilationpull ventilation
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ContentsContents ((contcont))
• Ventilation for vapor degreasing tanks• Special precautions for cyanide• Operation and maintenance of ventilation
systems• Selection of respirators• Audit form
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EnhancementsEnhancements
• Recommends a combination of control approaches
• References SMACNA for construction and material specifications
• LEV design in the case of multiple tanks• 2-column format
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EnhancementsEnhancements (cont)(cont)
• Emphasizes user’s role in evaluating cyanide hazard
• Expands discussion of preventive maintenance for OST ventilation systems
• Audit form to assist in compliance with the standard
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Acid cleaning line and exhaust hoodAcid cleaning line and exhaust hood
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Use Combination of Control MethodsUse Combination of Control Methods
Consider a combination of control approaches to reduce exposures below acceptable limits:
• Substitution• Isolation• Automation• Local exhaust ventilation• Automatic tank covers
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Multiple TanksMultiple Tanks
• The user shall take into account the effect on emissions and controls when multiple tanks are in close proximity to one another.
• Where many tanks are in a room, the design air flowrate added together may create significant turbulence.
• Hemeon design method may be better suited with multiple tanks
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MaintenanceMaintenance
• Ventilation systems need to be designed for preventive maintenance.
• Clean-outs that allow access to ductwork, plenums and slots for cleaning and preventive maintenance should be provided.
• A periodic maintenance schedule should include for example: -Monthly- Open and clean the slots-Quarterly- Inspect all system hoods, plenums, ductwork, fans and air pollution control devices
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Maintenance Maintenance (cont)(cont)
-Every six months- Open the fan motor housing and check the belt to make sure it is tight and not slipping
Results from a study of a furniture stripping operation over 7 years showed lack of access and poor maintenance reduced exhaust volumes by 2/3 and increased exposures 5 fold. Upgrading the ventilation system to include easier access and cleanouts improved the LEV performance to its original state.
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ANSI/AIHA Ventilation Standards ANSI/AIHA Ventilation Standards ZZ--9.2 Fundamentals 9.2 Fundamentals
Kathleen M Paulson, PE Kathleen M Paulson, PE
Engineering Service Center Port Hueneme, CA
1100 23rd Street Port Hueneme. CA 93043 Voice: 805-982-4984 Fax: 805-982-4832 E-mail: [email protected]
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Fundamentals is Fundamentals is ……....•• Designer Qualifications Designer Qualifications
•• Exhaust HoodsExhaust Hoods
•• DuctworkDuctwork
•• Fans & Air Movers Fans & Air Movers
•• Air Cleaning Devices Air Cleaning Devices
•• Makeup Air Systems Makeup Air Systems
•• System Operation, Management & CommissioningSystem Operation, Management & Commissioning
TheThe BasicsBasics
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Typical Uses for Z9.2 Typical Uses for Z9.2 ……..
Develop an IV system from Develop an IV system from ““scratchscratch””Design a system for a new technologyDesign a system for a new technologyBasis for a statement of work. Basis for a statement of work. Teaching primer Teaching primer Audit tool Audit tool
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ZZ--9.2 Committee Members Who 9.2 Committee Members Who Worked on the Standard Worked on the Standard
D. Jeff Burton D. Jeff Burton Kappy PaulsonKappy Paulson
George AdamsGeorge Adams Tom Smith Tom Smith
Shawn Shawn ChesneyChesney Jeff ThrockmortonJeff Throckmorton
Bob HughesBob Hughes Leighton TurnerLeighton Turner
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ZZ--9.2 Format 9.2 Format
Two Column for use as a technical standard. – Left column - Mandatory– Right column – Clarifications or
ExplanatoryAppendix A – Non-mandatory Comments Appendix B - Audit Form
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ZZ--9.2 Plant Layout & 9.2 Plant Layout & Construction Construction
Layout makes senseHousekeeping –easy cleaning & maintenance Fire & local bldg codes Handling radioactive material
SupplySupply
Exhaust Exhaust
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ZZ--9.2 Make Up Air Systems 9.2 Make Up Air Systems
Quantity AND Distribution Recirculating Air Systems
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ZZ--9.2 Exhaust Hoods9.2 Exhaust Hoods
CaptureContainmentAirflow requirements
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ZZ--9.2 Ductwork & Stacks 9.2 Ductwork & Stacks
Minimum Transport Velocity Balanced Systems– By design– With dampers &
orifice platesStacks – location location location
Leftover PartsLeftover PartsDuct tape & Duct tape & flex tubeflex tube
Plastic pipe in Plastic pipe in a wood shopa wood shop
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ZZ--9.2 More Ductwork 9.2 More Ductwork
These were DESIGNED Air should all go in the same directionSmooth Transitions Appropriate for contaminant
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ZZ--9.2 Air Cleaning Equipment 9.2 Air Cleaning Equipment
In US, primary driver is EPA, state & local regulations. Not all processes have regulatory limits. Some companies and organizations use a good community neighbor policy. Remember disposal costs – Moved away from water wash paint booths
liquid waste disposal = $$$ than solid
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ZZ--9.2 Fans & Air Movement Devices 9.2 Fans & Air Movement Devices
Systems Effects Sustainability SafetyMaintainability
Simple bearing problem not Simple bearing problem not identified during TAB.identified during TAB.
Choked exhaust = 1Choked exhaust = 1”” wgwg
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ZZ--9.2 Management of LEV Systems 9.2 Management of LEV Systems
JUST DO IT! – Prepare a written
policy – Enforce work
practices– Invoke a
monitoring Program
Use the Audit in Appendix
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ZZ--9.2 Commissioning 9.2 Commissioning
Not just at project completion – Programming, Design, Installation,
Construction, Acceptance & Post Acceptance
Documentation
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ZZ--9.2 Operation And Management 9.2 Operation And Management
Preventative Maintenance– Indicators (gauges, sensors & monitors)– Periodic (daily, weekly, monthly, annually) – Careful about contracting
Supply/Exhaust in the Hangar
Crisis Maintenance – Threat to occ. safety & health and envi
compliance
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ZZ--9.2 Testing, Balancing & Operations Checks9.2 Testing, Balancing & Operations ChecksTAB is only a small part of Commissioning – the close to The End part of the Construction.
TAB does NOT confirm control of stressors of concern. Need both safety & health evaluation.
Often overlooked or deleted due to project cost overruns or enthusiasm over finally finishing project.
WITHOUT TAB, WHAT IS YOUR BASELINE?
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.3 ANSI/AIHA Z9.3 -- Spray Finishing Spray Finishing Operations Operations –– Safety Codes for Safety Codes for
Design, Construction and VentilationDesign, Construction and Ventilation
George M. Adams, PEGeorge M. Adams, PE
2000 Centerpoint Parkway Pontiac Michigan 48341 248-753-2981 Fax 248-753-4036
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Z9.3 Spray FinishingZ9.3 Spray Finishing
As with all Z9 Standards, As with all Z9 Standards, developed to developed to ““protect the health of protect the health of personnel personnel …….during spray finishing .during spray finishing operationsoperations””..
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Z9.3 Spray FinishingZ9.3 Spray Finishing
Does not apply to building exterior, Does not apply to building exterior, inside fixed tanks.inside fixed tanks.
Does not apply to small hand spray Does not apply to small hand spray cans.cans.
But should be followed where applicableBut should be followed where applicable
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Z9.3 Spray FinishingZ9.3 Spray Finishing
Recently rewritten into twoRecently rewritten into two--column column format.format.
Thanks JeffThanks Jeff
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Z9.3 Spray FinishingZ9.3 Spray Finishing
Coordinates well with NFPA 33Coordinates well with NFPA 33Duct construction in conjunction Duct construction in conjunction with SMACNA Standards.with SMACNA Standards.Fans selected according to AMCA Fans selected according to AMCA Bulletin 210.Bulletin 210.
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Z9.3 Spray Finishing Z9.3 Spray Finishing
Velocity capable of controlling the Velocity capable of controlling the contaminant.contaminant.
Sufficient flow rate to keep the Sufficient flow rate to keep the solvent concentration below 25 % solvent concentration below 25 % of the LFLof the LFL
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Z9.3 Spray FinishingZ9.3 Spray Finishing
As with all Z9 Standards, As with all Z9 Standards, developed to developed to ““protect the health of protect the health of personnel personnel …….during spray finishing .during spray finishing operations. operations.
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Z9.3 Spray FinishingZ9.3 Spray Finishing
Stack positioned and with a high Stack positioned and with a high enough velocity to preclude reenough velocity to preclude re--entrainment.entrainment.
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 - Laboratory Ventilation
• Ron Hill• Dale Hitchings• Gerhard Knutson• Victor Neuman• John Price• Gordon Sharp• Thomas Smith
• J. Lindsay Cook (ex-officio)
• Lou DiBerardinis, Chair• Doug Walters, Associate Chair• D. Jeff Burton• Steve Crooks• Gregory DeLuga• Edgar Galson• Daniel Ghidoni• Todd Hardwick
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SHALL
• Ventilation Management Program• Chemical Hygiene Plan• Responsible Person• Hazard Assessment• Records
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Non Quantative Shalls
•Laboratory Chemical Hoods
•Volume Flow Rates (AC/HR)
•Hood Location
•Directional Airflow
•Noise
•Emergency Mode
•Work Permit
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Hood Criteria
•Face Velocity No Specific number(Range 80-120)
• Minimum Exhaust Volume 25cfm.ft2 hoodwork surface
• Flow Measuring Device Required
• Posting Required
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The performance tests shall include:
• Exhaust Flow Measurements• Hood Static Pressure Measurement• Face Velocity Tests• Auxiliary Air Velocity Tests (if applicable)• Cross Drafts Velocity Tests• Airflow Visualization Tests• Tracer Gas Containment Tests
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Tracer Gas Containment Tests
The tracer gas containment tests shall be conducted as described in the ASHRAE 110 “Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods” or by a test recognized to be equivalent:
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Ongoing or Routine Hood and System Tests
Routine performances tests shall be conducted at least annually or whenever a significant change has been made to the operational characteristics of the hood system.
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Exhaust Discharge
• Minimum Discharge Velocity - 3000 fpm• Minimum Stack Height - 10 feet• -----Except-----• Appendix 3
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Energy Conservation Issues
•Recirculation of Room Exhaust Air
•Variable Air Volume Systems
•Manifolded Systems
•Automatic Sash Closers
•Air Change per Hour•Enclosures•Ductless Hoods
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Hood Diversity = Hoods in Use Total Hoods in System
CFM Diversity = Exhaust CFM in UseTotal Exhaust CFM needed
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Requirements
•Communicate Limitations to Users
•Alarm Systems
•Label Restrictions
•Determine Minimum Exhaust Requirements
•Consider Future Needs
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Product Definition
Low Flow Hood:
Fume hood designs that provide a reduction in required exhaust volume from the traditional 100 fpm @ the sash full open vertical position.
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Product Definition
Low Velocity Hood:
Fume hood designs that provide a reduction in required exhaust volume and provide proper containment* with the sash full open vertically at face velocities of 60 fpm or less.
* 4.0 AM 0.05 ppm
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Recordkeeping
• As Built Drawings• Commissioning Report• Testing and Balancing Reports• Inspection Reports• Maintenance Logs• Reported Problems• System Modifications• Equipment Replacement or Modifications
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.6 ANSI/AIHA Z9.6 --Exhaust Systems for Exhaust Systems for
Grinding, Polishing, and Grinding, Polishing, and BuffingBuffing
Mark Lee Rollins, CIH, CSPMark Lee Rollins, CIH, CSP
Thermo Electron, 81 Wyman Street, Waltham MA 02454 V 781-622-1000 www.thermo.com
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.6ANSI/AIHA Z9.6
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History of Z9.6History of Z9.6
Originally a standard developed by the Originally a standard developed by the Industrial Hygiene Codes Committee of Industrial Hygiene Codes Committee of the American the American FoundrymenFoundrymen’’ssAssociation (AFA) Association (AFA) Approved by the Board of Directors on Approved by the Board of Directors on December 4, 1936December 4, 1936
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History of Z9.6History of Z9.6
AFA submitted standard to American AFA submitted standard to American Standards Association (now ANSI)Standards Association (now ANSI)Z9 Committee on exhaust systems Z9 Committee on exhaust systems Standard issued as Z43.1Standard issued as Z43.1--1941 1941 Reissued under Z9 guidance as Reissued under Z9 guidance as Z43.1Z43.1--19661966
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History of Z9.6History of Z9.6
ANSI withdrew Z43.1 in 1988, as no ANSI withdrew Z43.1 in 1988, as no further work had been done on it and it further work had been done on it and it needed updatingneeded updatingZ9 chartered in 1992 to rewrite as Z9.6Z9 chartered in 1992 to rewrite as Z9.6Standards issued in 1999Standards issued in 1999
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Definition Definition -- GrindingGrinding““ANSI B7.7ANSI B7.7--2003 Safety 2003 Safety Requirements for Abrading Requirements for Abrading Materials with Coated Abrasive Systems section 6.3.21:
Materials with Coated Abrasive Systems section 6.3.21: ““Grinding: abrading heavy amounts of material Grinding: abrading heavy amounts of material from a workfrom a work--piece using an abrasive tool.piece using an abrasive tool.””Term is applied to all types of stock removal Term is applied to all types of stock removal using grinding wheels, also commonly used to using grinding wheels, also commonly used to describe a operations performed by machines describe a operations performed by machines using coated abrasive belts and discs.using coated abrasive belts and discs.
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Definitions Definitions -- BuffingBuffing
““polish or shine with a polish or shine with a piece of soft materialpiece of soft material””Usually a buffing wheel Usually a buffing wheel or buffing belt in industryor buffing belt in industry–– Often done with no abrasive agentsOften done with no abrasive agents
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Definitions Definitions -- PolishingPolishing
““make smooth and shiny make smooth and shiny by rubbing with fine by rubbing with fine abrasive particlesabrasive particles””Similar to buffing operation with added Similar to buffing operation with added very fine abrasivesvery fine abrasives
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Air Contaminants Air Contaminants -- GrindingGrinding
Air contaminants are material being Air contaminants are material being ground as well as the abrasive wheelground as well as the abrasive wheel–– ratios of 90:1 to 100:1 or moreratios of 90:1 to 100:1 or moreLarge (nonLarge (non--respirable) to very small respirable) to very small (sub(sub--micron) particlesmicron) particlesSometimes done Sometimes done ““wetwet”” which minimizes which minimizes particulate air contaminantsparticulate air contaminants
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Air Contaminants Air Contaminants -- BuffingBuffing
Air contaminants are material being Air contaminants are material being buffed as well as the buffing wheelbuffed as well as the buffing wheelMost very small (subMost very small (sub--micron) particlesmicron) particles–– although not a lot given off, compared although not a lot given off, compared
to grinding and polishing operationsto grinding and polishing operations
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Air Contaminants Air Contaminants -- PolishingPolishing
Air contaminants are material being Air contaminants are material being polished as well as the fine abrasive polished as well as the fine abrasive polishing mediapolishing mediaAgain, most are very small (subAgain, most are very small (sub--micron) micron) particlesparticlesSize somewhat dependent on size Size somewhat dependent on size of polishing compoundof polishing compound
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Raw DrawingsRaw Drawings
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Other StandardsOther Standards
ANSI Z9.2 ANSI Z9.2 -- Fundamentals Governing the Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Design and Operation of Local Exhaust SystemsSystemsANSI/AIHA Z9.7 ANSI/AIHA Z9.7 -- Recirculation of Air from Recirculation of Air from Industrial Process Exhaust SystemsIndustrial Process Exhaust SystemsANSI B7.1 ANSI B7.1 -- Safety Requirements for the Use, Safety Requirements for the Use, Care. and Protection of Abrasive WheelsCare. and Protection of Abrasive WheelsANSI Z87.1 ANSI Z87.1 -- Practice for Occupational/ Practice for Occupational/ Educational Eye and Face ProtectionEducational Eye and Face ProtectionANSI Z88.2 ANSI Z88.2 -- Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection
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Other ReferencesOther References
Industrial Ventilation: A ManualIndustrial Ventilation: A Manual of of Recommended Practice (ACGIH)Recommended Practice (ACGIH)TLVsTLVs and and BEIsBEIs booklet (ACGIH)booklet (ACGIH)NFPA 91NFPA 91--2004, Exhaust Systems for Air 2004, Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate SolidsNoncombustible Particulate SolidsNFPA 651NFPA 651--1998, Machining and Finishing 1998, Machining and Finishing of Aluminum and the Production and of Aluminum and the Production and Handling Aluminum ProductsHandling Aluminum Products
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Purpose of Z9.6Purpose of Z9.6
Protect the health of personnel Protect the health of personnel engaged in and working in the engaged in and working in the vicinity of grinding, polishing and vicinity of grinding, polishing and buffing operationsbuffing operationsControl contaminants generated by Control contaminants generated by those operationsthose operations
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.7 ANSI/AIHA Z9.7 -- Recirculation of Recirculation of Process Air Form Industrial Process Process Air Form Industrial Process
Exhaust SystemsExhaust Systems
George M. Adams, PEGeorge M. Adams, PE
2000 Centerpoint Parkway Pontiac Michigan 48341 248-753-2981 Fax 248-753-4036
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
Developed to establish the Developed to establish the minimum criteria for the minimum criteria for the recirculation of industrial process recirculation of industrial process ventilation systems.ventilation systems.
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
Does not apply to operations Does not apply to operations conducted outside a building.conducted outside a building.
Does not apply to air returned Does not apply to air returned through an air handling unit.through an air handling unit.
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
Recently rewritten into twoRecently rewritten into two--column column format.format.
Thanks LindsayThanks Lindsay
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
Requires a Hazard Evaluation to Requires a Hazard Evaluation to be conducted, ala Appendix B of be conducted, ala Appendix B of the OSHA Hazard Communication the OSHA Hazard Communication StandardStandard
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
Carcinogens Carcinogens
Do you really want to ??Do you really want to ??
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
If you canIf you can’’t remove it from the air t remove it from the air stream, donstream, don’’t recirculate.t recirculate.
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
Continuous Monitoring DeviceContinuous Monitoring Device
An air sampling instrument, usually An air sampling instrument, usually fixed in one location, designed to fixed in one location, designed to continuously or repeatedly sample the continuously or repeatedly sample the air for a specific contaminant air for a specific contaminant
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
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Z9.7 RecirculationZ9.7 Recirculation
The location of the inThe location of the in--plant discharge plant discharge from a recirculating exhaust system from a recirculating exhaust system shall be arranged so as to minimize shall be arranged so as to minimize buildbuild--up of contaminant concentration, up of contaminant concentration, moisture, unwanted heat, and unwanted moisture, unwanted heat, and unwanted drafts.drafts.
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ANSI/AIHA Z9.9 ANSI/AIHA Z9.9 --Portable Ventilation SystemsPortable Ventilation Systems
Neil McManus, CIH, ROH, CSPNeil McManus, CIH, ROH, CSPNorthWest Occupational Health & Safety
Vancouver, BC
1174 Chamberlain Drive, North Vancouver, BC, V7K 1P3 • Tel: (604) 980-8512 • [email protected] • www.nwohs.com
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Does Your Portable Ventilation Does Your Portable Ventilation Equipment Look Like This?Equipment Look Like This?
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Do Your Portable Ventilation Do Your Portable Ventilation Installations Look Like This?Installations Look Like This?
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Or This?Or This?
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When They Could Look Like ThisWhen They Could Look Like This
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Or ThisOr This
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Benefits From a StandardBenefits From a Standard……
better product designbetter product designconsistency in product testingconsistency in product testingconsistency in system designconsistency in system designmore effective use of equipmentmore effective use of equipmentbetter performance from equipmentbetter performance from equipmentimproved product and personnel safetyimproved product and personnel safety
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What a Standard Must ConsiderWhat a Standard Must Consider……
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… AirmoversAirmovers
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… AirmoversAirmovers
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… AirmoversAirmovers
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… ComponentsComponents
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… ComponentsComponents
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… Duct and HoseDuct and Hose
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… FittingsFittings
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Equipment CoveredEquipment Covered…… Integrated UnitsIntegrated Units
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Topic AreasTopic Areas……..
design, construction, performance testing, labelling, and servicing and maintenance of portable ventilation equipment
design, application, management, operation, and performance validation of portable ventilation systems
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Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations……..
equipment and system design principles machine design for service and maintenanceelectrical safety requirements for hazardous location equipmentcontrol of static electricity heat and fire resistance of materialscontamination and decontamination issuesincompatibility between materials of construction and substances transported and in the surroundings
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Operational ConsiderationsOperational Considerations……..
ventilation outcome to be achievedinteraction between source(s) and worker(s) during work activityimpact of ventilation discharge into the surroundingsfunction and capability, and strengths and limitations of ventilation system componentssafety issuesfailure mode(s)contamination and decontaminationtraining in equipment operationoptimizing and verifying performance
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Maintenance ConsiderationsMaintenance Considerations……..
contamination issues and decontamination strategiesprocedures for disassembly and repair and maintenanceperformance criteria for bench testing of componentsmaintaining safety features during reassemblyincompatibility between materials of construction and substances transported and in the surroundingsend of service life indicators
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Major IssuesMajor Issues……..
need for uniform labelingneed for uniform labelingneed for uniform performance testing and reportingneed for uniform performance testing and reportingtesting and classification of testing and classification of nonelectricalnonelectrical components components for use in ignitable atmospheresfor use in ignitable atmospherescontrol of static electricity in control of static electricity in nonelectricalnonelectricalcomponentscomponentsmaintenance and servicemaintenance and service
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OutcomesOutcomes…… LabelingLabeling
uniform labeling system proposed for uniform labeling system proposed for airmoversairmovers, , components and ductcomponents and ductlabel will report:label will report:–– performanceperformance–– applicationsapplications–– restrictionsrestrictions–– precautionsprecautions
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OutcomesOutcomes…… Performance TestingPerformance Testing
adopt relevant current AMCA standards for adopt relevant current AMCA standards for airmoverairmoverperformance testingperformance testingprovide performance curve for all provide performance curve for all airmoversairmoversprovide loss data for components and ductprovide loss data for components and ductprovide noise dataprovide noise data
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OutcomesOutcomes…… Ignitable AtmospheresIgnitable Atmospheres
for all equipment and components intended for use in for all equipment and components intended for use in ignitable atmospheres (hazardous locations):ignitable atmospheres (hazardous locations):–– test and classify using criteria in NFPA 70 (Article 500)test and classify using criteria in NFPA 70 (Article 500)–– determine and report maximum surface temperaturedetermine and report maximum surface temperature–– assign Class, Division, Groupassign Class, Division, Group
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OutcomesOutcomes…… Static ElectricityStatic Electricity
for all equipment and components intended for all equipment and components intended for use in ignitable atmospheres (hazardous for use in ignitable atmospheres (hazardous locations):locations):–– meet requirements of NFPA 70 (Article 250) for meet requirements of NFPA 70 (Article 250) for
bonding and groundingbonding and grounding–– test and classify performance according to test and classify performance according to
standards devised by the Electrostatic Discharge standards devised by the Electrostatic Discharge AssociationAssociation
–– design to minimize electrostatic accumulationdesign to minimize electrostatic accumulation–– design to minimize spark dischargedesign to minimize spark discharge
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OutcomesOutcomes…… Critical OperationsCritical Operations
additional requirements for equipment intended for additional requirements for equipment intended for use in critical operations (asbestos, mold, lead, use in critical operations (asbestos, mold, lead, nuclear applications, lifenuclear applications, life--support situations)support situations)operationoperation--critical situations demand reliability:critical situations demand reliability:–– redundancy of componentsredundancy of components–– documented performance of entrapping devices (filters, documented performance of entrapping devices (filters,
sorbentssorbents))–– surveillance to warn about failuresurveillance to warn about failure–– design to prevent escape of contaminants during design to prevent escape of contaminants during changeoutchangeout
of entrapping devicesof entrapping devices
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OutcomesOutcomes…… MaintenanceMaintenance
diagnostic and service proceduresdiagnostic and service procedurestest protocolstest protocolsdecontamination proceduresdecontamination proceduresend of service life indicatorsend of service life indicatorstraining for maintenance personneltraining for maintenance personnel
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In ConclusionIn Conclusion……
portable ventilation systems, while superficially, seeming portable ventilation systems, while superficially, seeming unsophisticated, are used in wideunsophisticated, are used in wide--ranging, sometimes ranging, sometimes hazardous environments, often under minimal informed hazardous environments, often under minimal informed supervisionsupervisiona consensus standard will benefit all stakeholders from a consensus standard will benefit all stakeholders from designers and manufacturers, to enddesigners and manufacturers, to end--usersusers