Animals Exhibit Behavior• innate behavior - a behavior that is pre-
programmed into an organisms genes, no learning is required
• learned behavior - a behavior that is not pre-programmed into an organisms genes, learning this behavior is required. However, the ability to learn requires genes.
• social behavior - a behavior that includes the interaction between organisms. Can be learned or innate.
Migration
• Innate Behavior.• an innate
behavior where organisms move long distances seasonally to find food or bread
• Immigration / Emigration
Hibernation
• Innate Behavior
• an innate behavior where organisms sleep through the winter to conserve energy
• This requires
storing food in
the den or
storing energy
as fat.
• Slow metabolism
Estivation
• Innate Behavior
• an innate behavior where organisms sleep through long hot dry times to conserve water and energy
Circadian Rhythms
• Innate Behavior
• an innate behavior where organisms remain fixed to an internal clock.
• Some animals are nocturnal.
Taxis
• Innate Behavior
• Moving towards something it needs to survive.
• Phototaxis –
organisms
moving toward
the light.
Imprinting
• Learned Behavior or Innate Behavior?• The first thing a newborn sees will be imprinted
as its “mother”.• The chicks will follow the “mother” everywhere.• Scientists can get
chicks to imprint
them as the
“mother”. The
chicks will follow
the scientist around.
Habituation
• Learned Behavior.• The organism stops responding to a stimuli in
the environment.• The bear will be naturally afraid of humans, but
when it gets food
near humans and
comes into
contact frequently
it is no longer
afraid.
Habituation
• Learned Behavior.• The organism stops responding to a stimuli in
the environment.• The chick sees a
shadow and divesinto the nest thinking it is a raptor.
• Over time it learns to ignore some shadows because they are harmless.
Operant Conditioning• Learned Behavior.
• Associate an abnormal behavior with a reward or consequence.
• Rat rings a bell and gets food when the green light is lit.
• Rat gets
shocked when
the red light
is lit.
Classical Conditioning
• Learned Behavior
• Pavlov’s Dog
• Associate an abnormal stimulus with a normal behavior.
Trial and Error
• Learned Behavior.
• The organism keeps trying and failing until it learns to do it right.
Courtship
• Social Behaviors
• Behaviors that animals do to impress a mate.
• Male “Birds of Paradise” have many feathers and dances to court a mate.
Territorial Defense
• Social Behavior.• Animals will fight to keep other animals out of its
territory.• This maintains the
food and mate supply.Male Siamese fighting fish will fight to the death.
Communication
• Social Behavior.• Pheromones – chemical signals that can be
detected and used for communication.• Ants leave a pheromone trail for other ants to
follow.• Dancing – bees dance to tell other bees where
the good flowers are.• Sounds – Animals will use sounds to warn of
danger, cry for a mother, or talk to each other.
• How do innate behavior patterns function as adaptations for animals? Give some examples in your answers.