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ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGI OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• 2 bronchi(one bronchi to each lung)
• Bronchioles and their coverings- thefleura
• Muscles of respiratory –theintercostal muscles and the
diaphragm
The organ of therespiratory system are;
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Airway Anatomy
1.Upper AirwayAnatomy
-All structureslocated above
glottic opening.2.Lower AirwayAnotomy
-
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Nose and Nasal structure.
• POSITION
– The nasal kavitiis the first of therespiratory organ and consists
of a large irregular cavitydivided into 2 equal passagesby a septum.
–
FUNCTION1.Warm *Due to the immense vacularity of
the mucosa
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• 2)Filtering and cleaning
• -air occurs as hair at the anteriornares trap langer particles.
•
• 3)Humidification
•
-occurs as air travels over the moistmucosa and becomes saturatedwith water vapour.
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PHARYNX
• position
• -12-14cm long that extends from thebase of the skull to the level of the 6th
cervical vebtebra.
•
• Function
• 1)-passageway for air and food
• -is an organ involved in both therespiratory and the digestive system.
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• 2)Warming and humidifying-the air is further warmed and
moistened as it passes through thepharynx.
3)Teste-there ere olfactory nerve ending of
the sense of teste in the epitheliumof the oral and pharyngeal parts.
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• 4)protection -the lmyphatic tissue of the
pharyngeal and laryngeal tonsilproduces antibodies in respone toantigen,eg.microbes.
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LARYNX
• ‘Voice box” extends form the root of thetongue and the hyoid bone to thetrachea.
Structure -Cartilagesthe main cartilages are;
1.1 thyroid }2.1 cricoid } hyalinecartilages
3.2 arytenoidcartilages }
4.1 epiglotitis (Elastic
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Thyroid cartilage
1.Largest laryngeal cartilage
2.
3.Shield shape4.
5.Cartilage anterioly,smooth muscle
posterior6.Adam Apple
7.Glottic opening directly behind.
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Cricoid cartilage
• Below the thyroid cartilage
•
•
1st
Tracheal ring
• Compression (sellict
maneuver)occludes esophagus
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Function of the larynx
Production of sound
1.Pitch- depends open the length andtightness of the cords.
2.Volume –depends upon the forcewith the cord vibrate.
3.Resonance or tone –depends open
the shape of the mouth,theposition of the tongue and thelip,facial muscles and the air in theparanasal sinuses.
4.
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TRACHEA
Position
• Bifurcates (divides) at carina.
•
Right ,left bronchi• 10 -11cm long and lies mainly in
front of the oesophagus.
•
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BRONCHI ANDBRONCHIOLES
• Branch into 2nd ,3rd bronchi thatbranch into bronchioles
• Right bronchi about 2.5cm and left5cm.
BRONCHIOLES -No cartilages in wall -Small smooth muscle tubes
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ALVEOLI
• ‘Balloon like” clusters
• Site of gas exchange
•
Lined with surfactant FUNCTION
• Control of air entry
•
Warming and humidifying• Cough reflex
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LUNG
• 2 Lung-one lying on each side of themidline in the thoracic cavity.
• Cone-shaped-having an Apex,abase,costal surface and medialsurface.
• Right lung=3 Lobes, Left lung=2Lobes
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PLEURAL
1.Visceral pleura -is adherent to the lung covering
each and passing into the fissures
which separate them.2.Parietal pleura -is adherent to the insite of the chest
wall and toracic surface of the
diaphagm.
3.Pleural cavity
-potential space in health
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