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ESSENTIALS
OF HUMAN
ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY
Unit
2Types of Bones and
Anatomy of a Long Bone
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Classification of Bones on the
Basis of Shape
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Classification of Bones
�Long bones
� Typically longer than wide
� Have a shaft with heads at both ends
� Contain mostly compact bone
� Examples: Femur, humerus
�Short bones
� Generally cube-shape
� Contain mostly spongy bone
� Examples: Carpals, tarsals
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Classification of Bones
�Flat bones
� Thin and flat
� Usually curved
� Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
� Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
� Irregular bones
� Irregular shape
� Do not fit into other bone classification categories
� Example: Vertebrae and hip
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Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
�Diaphysis
� Shaft
� Composed of compact bone
�Epiphysis
� Ends of the bone
� Composed mostly of spongy bone
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Structures of a Long Bone
�Periosteum
� Outside covering of the diaphysis
� Fibrous connective tissue membrane
�Sharpey’s fibers
� Secure periosteumto underlying bone
�Arteries
� Supply bone cells with nutrients
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Structures of a Long Bone
�Articular cartilage
� Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
� Made of hyalinecartilage
� Decreases frictionat joint surfaces
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Structures of a Long Bone
�Medullary cavity
� Cavity of the shaft
� Contains yellowmarrow (mostly fat) in adults
� Contains redmarrow (for blood cell formation) in infants