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M U S
C U L O S K E L E T A L
A N A T O M Y
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• Superfcial Back
• Gluteus medius/maximus, passage o nerves– sacral plexus,compartment system
• Muscles promoting action o the hip
• The shoulder
• The rist/ hand
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STRUCTURE OF THE BACK
!erte"rae
• The verte"ral column consists o ## "ones$• 7 cervical
• 12 throacic
• 5 l!"ar
• 5 #acral $%#e&'
• ( cocc)*eal $%#e&'
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STRUCTURE OF THE +ERTEBRAL BO,Y
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KEY CHAN-ES .N +ERTEBRAL ANATOMY
%ervical Thoracic &um"ar
!erte"ral "ody S!all a/& 0i&e Heart#hae& Ma##ive3 4i&/e)#hae&
!erte"raloramen
Lar*e a/& tria/*lar S!aller a/&circlar
Transverse'rocess
Fora!i/a tra/#ver#ariico/tai/ verte"ralarterie# ve/o# a/&#)!athetic le6#$C1C' C7 tra/#!it#
#!all acce##or) vei/#
Lo/* a/& #tro/*e6t/e&o#terolaterall)
(rticular'rocesses
Nearl) verticalarticlar %acet#
Spinous
processes
Short $C85'
Bifd )%#*+Lo/* $C7' verte"ra
Lo/* #loe
o#terolaterall)
Thic4 a/& #tr&)
hatchet #hae&
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E9AM:LE ;
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ATLAS AN, A9.S BONES OF THE NECK
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+ERTEBRAL SURFACE ANATOMY
• %- verte"ral spine is the most prominent on .exion o the
neck• (la o the iliac crest is located at
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MA>OR L.-AMENTS OF THE S:.NALCOLUMName the 0oints$
(nulus f"rosis
1ygapophyseal 0oint
&igamentum .avum
'osterior longitudinal ligament
(nterior longitudinal ligament
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MUSCLES OF THE BACK
2xtrinsic Muscles$
• Trape3ius
• &atissimus dorsi
• &evator scapulae
• 4hom"oids
4eceive input rom the anterior rami o the cervical nerves
5ntrinsic Muscles$
• 2nclosed "y deep ascia
• Superfcial, intermediate and deep layers
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E9TR.NS.C MUSCLES OF THE BACK
• 6hat are they7
• 5ndividual modes o action7• erve supply7
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SU:ERF.C.AL .NTR.NS.C MUSCLES OF THE BACK
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.NTERME,.ATE .NTR.NS.C MUSCLES OF THE BACK
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,EE: .NTR.NS.C MUSCLES OF THE BACK
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:RACT.CE ;?S
• 6hich muscles are involved in lateral .exion o the thoracic
spine7• 6hich muscles are involved in orard .exion o the spine7
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ANATOMY OF THE :EL+.S
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THE ACETABULUM
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L.-AMENTS OF THE H.:
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FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR
• 8ne o the most common orthopaedic presentations
• 9ou ill see a lot o this in the repat
• The neck o the emur is the most commonly ractured as itis the narroest and eakest part o the emur, as ell as"eing at the line o eight "earing:
• 8ther ractures include intertrochanteric racture)stum"ling or stepping don hard and transcervical
)middle o the neck
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MA>OR MUSCLES ACT.N- ON THE H.:
Movements o the hip include$
•;lexion
• 2xtension
• 2xternal rotation
• 5nternal rotation
• ("duction
• (dduction
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OR FLE9ORS OF THEH.:=
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MA>OR FLE9ORS OF THE H.: >O.NT
.lio#oa#
:#oa# !i/or @:#oa# [email protected]#
Sartori# $le##er e6te/t'
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MA>OR E9TENSORS OF THE H.:-LUTEUS MA9Gluteus maximus < extension and lateral rotation o the thigh
'roximal attachment < ilum posterior to gluteal line, posteriorsurace o the sacrum and coccyx
=istal attachment < ilioti"ial tract hich mostly inserts intothe lateral condyle o the ti"ia
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H.: E9TENSORSKNEE FLE9ORSHAMSTR.N-S• Semitendinosus )5schial tu"erosity – )superior ti"ia
•
Semimem"ranosus )5schial tu"erosity – )medical condyle othe ti"ia
• Biceps emoris )5schial tu"erosity > linea aspera – )lateralside head o f"ula
The hamstrings are uni?ue in that they cross @ diAerent 0oints,hy is this important7
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AB,UCTORS OF THE TH.-H
• Gluteus medius
•
Gluteus minimus• Tensor ascia latae
)("duction o a .exed thigh, lateral rotation o an extendedthigh
•'iriormis )pear
• 8"turator internus
• Superior and inerior gemelli
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TREN,ELENBUR-?S TEST
• 6hat is it7
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6hich muscles are aAected7• 'aralysis o hich nerve causes this sign7
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A,,UCTORS OF THE TH.-H
8rigins typically the ischiopu"ic ramus o the pelvis:(ttachments are along the medial edge o the emur
• (dductor longus
• (dductor "revis
• (dductor magnus
• Gracilis
•8"turator externus
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COM:ARTMENTS OF THE TH.-H
o do e remem"er the nervous supply/action o all thesemuscles7C7C7C
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(nterior compartment$ Fe!oral Nerve
Medial compartment$ o"trator /erve
'osterior compartment$ Sciatic /erve
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-ENERALLY S:EAK.N-
(nterior compartment$ .exors o the hipD extensors o the knee
Medial compartment$ adductors o the thigh
'osterior compartment$ extensors o the thigh, .exors o theknee
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,.+.,E, BY .NTERMUSCULAR SE:TA
S O - S O
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THE SHOUL,ER L.-AMENTS OF THESHOUL,ER
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MUSCLES AFFECT.N- THE SHOUL,ER
• Main movements o the shoulder7
•
6hat muscles create those movements7• 6hat are their proximal/distal attachments7
• nerve supply7
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FOSSA OF THE SKULL
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.M:ORTANT STRUCTURES OF THE SKULL
• Sutures o the skull )&am"doid, coronal, sagittal
•
6hich sutures/"ones make up the pterion, hy is itimportant7
• Structure o the sphenoid "one, "e a"le to la"el it
• Bones that make up the or"its o the eyes
HAN,Y MNEMON.CS FOR REMEMBER.N-
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HAN,Y MNEMON.CS FOR REMEMBER.N-FORAM.NA OF THE SKULL%leaners only spray smelly stuA right on smelly idiots in
0um"led 0unkyards 0uggled high
%arl only sims south: Silly roger only sims in infniti 0acu33is: Eane 0ust hitchhikes
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THE