Download - anatomi panoramik
Types of Panoramic Images
Single Real Image
Double Real Image
Ghost Image
Panoramic Anatomy
Single Real Image
Only one image results from a given anatomical structure. The structure is located between the rotation center and the film and the x-ray beam only passes through the structure one time. Most images seen on a panoramic film are of this type.
Double Real Image
Two images of a single object are seen on the film. Double real images are produced by structures located in the midline. The x-ray beam passes through these objects twice as the tubehead rotates around the patient. Structures that result in double real images are the hard and soft palates, the hyoid bone and the cervical spine.
Ghost ImageGhost images are formed by dense objects located between the tubehead and the rotation center. These ghost images usually result from external objects such as earrings, but they may be produced by dense anatomical structures such as the mandible.
ghost image of earring(between lines)
2423
28
18
17
1914
1315
20
8
10
97
29
37
38
33
30
39
3
5
11
21
6
1
1216
31
3225
4
26
34
35
36
22
2
4144
43
42
27
40
Panoramic AnatomyThe numbers on the diagram below and on the next slide (air spaces) correspond to the numbers on the key (slide 9).
46
45 47 45
Air Spaces
Panoramic Anatomy Key 1. maxillary sinus 2. pterygomaxillary fissure 3. pterygoid plates 4. hamulus 5. zygomatic arch 6. articular eminence 7. zygomaticotemporal suture 8. zygomatic process 9. external auditory meatus10. mastoid process11. middle cranial fossa12. lateral border of the orbit13. infraorbital ridge14. infraorbital foramen15. infraorbital canal16. nasal fossa17. nasal septum18. anterior nasal spine19. inferior concha20. incisive foramen21. hard palate22. maxillary tuberosity23. condyle24. coronoid process
25. sigmoid notch26. medial sigmoid depression27. styloid process28. cervical vertebrae29. external oblique ridge30. mandibular canal31. mandibular foramen32. lingula33. mental foramen34. submandibular gland fossa35. internal oblique ridge36. mental fossa37. mental ridges38. genial tubercles39. hyoid bone40. tongue41. soft palate42. uvula43. posterior pharyngeal wall44. ear lobe45. glossopharyngeal air space46. nasopharyngeal air space47. palatoglossal air space
9
525
28
14
33
12
18
17
19
13
22
7
39
6
33
255
28
9 12
14
18
17
19
22
13
7
6
39
8
20
1115
116
3
30
44
32 23
2
31
26
38
34
24
8
20
1115
1
2
3
30
44
32 23
31
38
34
16
24
26
4
36
36
40
43
43
42
42
4121
40
2146
46
41
45
45
47
47
28
17
44
43
20
2R L
36
41
38
7
11
1
43
47
46
45
R L
2 8
19
17
18
6
16
21
Red arrows point to ghost image of hard palate
23
39
R L
33
8746
47
E
E = epiglottis
R L
3
30
9
27
1
16
44
20
36
42
10
G
G = ghost of right mandible
R L
7
27
26
24
22
38
30
R L
ghost of mandible
47
45
10
6
5R L
7
39
15
21
239
30
Note the relatively inferior location of the mandibular canal (30), providing plenty of room for the implant.
R L
5
44
Ghost images of earrings
15 2R L
Ghost images of earrings
R L