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CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION:
BARCODE is a method of automatic identification & data
collection, also known as the Universal Product Code !UPC"#
BARCODE is use the Binar$ %$stem for codin & decodin# 't has the
series of (ars & s)ace re)resentin al)ha numeric information# Each (ar
re)resent * &s)ace re)resent +#
Example of the bar code from a 3l!ter bottle of D!et Co"e
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1.1. 'hat !( )arcode *
A (arcode is an o)tical machinereada(le re)resentation of data,
which shows certain data on certain )roducts# Oriinall$, (arcodes
re)resented data in the widths !lines" and the s)acins of )arallel lines,
and ma$ (e referred to as linear or *D !* dimensional" (arcodes or
s$m(oloies# -he$ also come in )atterns of s.uares, dots, he/aons and
other eometric )atterns within imaes termed 0D !0 dimensional"
matri/ codes or s$m(oloies# Althouh 0D s$stems use s$m(ols other
than (ars, the$ are enerall$ referred to as (arcodes as well# Barcodes
can (e read ($ o)tical scannerscalled(arcode readers, or scanned from
an imae ($ s)ecial software#
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-readablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_readerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UPC_A.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_scannerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_readerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine-readable -
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1.+. Ho, It 'or"(*-he last diit of the UPC code is called a check diit#
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1. Add toether the value of all of the diits in odd )ositions !diits *,
1, 2, 3, 4 and **"#- / 0 1 + 2 1
+. 5ulti)l$ that num(er ($ 1#
1 4 3 2 /0
3. Add toether the value of all of the diits in even )ositions !diits 0,
6, 7, 8 and *+"#
0 5 6 5 1 2 +6
. Add this sum to the value in ste) 0#
/0 +6 2 6/
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/. -ake the num(er in %te) 6# -o create the check diit, determine the
num(er that, when added to the num(er in ste) 6, is a multi)le of *+#
6/ / 2 -
The chec" d!7!t !( therefore /
CHAPTER +.
HI8TOR9 O# UPC; )ARCODE :
1/+ :
9irst )atent was issued to :ose)h ;oodland & Bernard
%ilver#
155:
the
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3.1.1.UPC er(!o=( :
3.1.3.UPC
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't is a s)ecial code desined to )romote industr$wide com)ati(ilit$#
-he code is *0 diits lon with a )roduct t$)e diit and a modulo check
sum diit#
3.1./.UPC
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CHAPTER .
)ARCODE TECHNO?O$9 :
Bar Code technolo$ (ecame universall$ acce)ted in *477#
Barcode has three maor com)onents
.1.8oft,ere I=(tallat!o= :
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%oftware installed in a com)uter enerates a uni.ue (ar code
the (lack & white lines which actuall$ re)resents a uni.ue identification
ta#
.+.8pec!al bar Code Pr!=ter@
Printed & )asted on )roduct#
.3.)ar Code Reader :
Reads & identifies the uni.ue code & matches with the details of
)roduct alread$ )resent in the com)uter#
CHAPTER /.
)ARCODE REPRE8ENTATION :
A (arcode is an O)tical 5achineReada(le re)resentation of data,
which shows the certain data on certain )roduct#
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't can (e re)resented in two forms
a#" *D or >inear (arcode re)resentation# (#" 0D or 5atri/ (arcode re)resentation#
a.@ 1D or ?!=ear repre(e=tat!o= @
if the (arcode re)resented data in width ! lines" & the s)acin of
)arallel lines, then it will (e referred to as a *D or >inear (arcode
re)resentation #
E/# @ All version of UPC & EA< #
b.@ +D or atr!x repre(e=tat!o=@
if the (arcode re)resented in s.uares, dots, he/aon & other
eometric )atterns with in imae termed as 0D or 5atri/ (arcode
re)resentation#
E/# @ (oiler )late te/t as 6 sement data matri/ 0D, semacode matri/
0D,
R code ,hih ca)acit$ color (arcode 0D matri/ etc#
/.1. 1D OR ?INEAR REPRE8ENTATION@
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8Bmbolo7B
Co=t!=o(
or
d!(crete
)ar
,!dth(U(e(
U#P#C# Continuous 5an$;orldwide retail, =%*
a))roved
Coda(ar Discrete -woOld format used in li(raries,
(lood (anks, air(ills
Code 02 i(raries !
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1.@ UPCA barcode (Bmbol :
first & last diit alwa$s )laced outside the s$m(ol to indicate .uiet
ones that the necessar$ for (arcode scanners to work )ro)erl$#
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+.@ EAN13 barcode (Bmbol :
first diit is alwa$s )laced outside the s$m(ol, additionall$ riht .uiet
indicator !G" is used to indicate .uiet one, that are necessar$ for
(arcode scanner to work )ro)erl$#
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/.+ +D OR ATRI REPRE8ENTATION :
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't is similar to a linear !*dimensional" (arcode, (ut has more data
repre(e=tat!o= capab!l!tB.
8Bmbolo7B Note(1D' Develo)ed ($ >$nn >td#
Arra$-a 9rom Arra$-ech %$stems#
Atec CodeDesined ($ Andrew >onacre at ;elch All$n !now and
eld Products"# Pu(lic domain#
%mall Atec
Code%)acesavin version of Atec code#
Chromatic
Al)ha(et
H*6I
an artistic )ro)osal ($ C# C# ElianJ divides the visi(le
s)ectrum into 07 different wavelenths hues#Chromocode uses (lack, white, and 6 saturated colors#
Coda(lock %tacked *D (arcodes#
Code * Pu(lic domain#
Code *7K Based on *D Code *08#
Code 64 %tacked *D (arcodes from 'ntermec Cor)#
ColorCodeColorLi)develo)ed colour (arcodes that can (e read ($
camera )hones from -F screensJ mainl$ used in Korea#
Com)act 5atri/Code
9rom %$scan =rou), 'nc#
CP Code 9rom CP -ron, 'nc#
C$(erCode 9rom %on$#
dtouchreada(le when )rinted on deforma(le loves and stretched
and distorted#
Data=l$)hs9rom Palo Alto Research Center !also known as Mero/
PARC"#
Datamatri/ 9rom RF%' Acuit$ Ci5atri/N%iemens# Pu(lic domain#'ncreasinl$ used throuhout the United %tates#
Datastri) Code 9rom Datastri), 'nc#
EAP?E O# +D )ARCODE REPRE8ENTATION :
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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3-DI&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Aztec_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Aztec_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromatic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromatic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Code_1&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ColorZip&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact_Matrix_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact_Matrix_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CP_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberCodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DataGlyphs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamatrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datastrip_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3-DI&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Aztec_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Aztec_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromatic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromatic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Code_1&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ColorZip&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact_Matrix_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compact_Matrix_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CP_Code&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberCodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DataGlyphs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datamatrixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datastrip_Code -
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1.@ )o!ler plate text a( for (e7me=t data matr!x +D :
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+.@ (emacode data matr!x +D :
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3.@ R Code: uick Res)onse the most )o)ular 0D (arcode in
:a)an
is )romoted ($ =oole #
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.@H!7h Capac!tB Color )arcode :
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#I$URE %11&
CHAPTER 5.
AD>ANTA$E8 O# )ARCODE :
'n )ointofsale manaement, the use of (arcodes can )rovide ver$
detailed u)todate information on ke$ as)ects of the (usiness, ena(lin
decisions to (e made much more .uickl$ and with more confidence# 9or
e/am)le@
9astsellin items can (e identified .uickl$ and automaticall$
reordered to meet consumer demand,
%lowsellin items can (e identified, )reventin a (uildu) of
unwanted stock,
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-he effects of re)ositionin a iven )roduct within a store can (e
monitored, allowin fastmovin more )rofita(le items to occu)$
the (est s)ace,
istorical data can (e used to )redict seasonal fluctuations ver$
accuratel$#
'tems ma$ (e re)riced on the shelf to reflect (oth sale )rices and
)rice increases#
;hen a manufacturer )acks a (o/ with an$ iven item, a Uni.ue
'dentif$in ANTA$E8 O# )ARCODE :
%ource of additional cost -he onl$ disadvantae is that data is
coded in the (arcode# -his can (e an additional cost#
owever the ke$ to an effective (arcode s$stem is to
enerate the (arcode as cost to the source of the data as )ossi(le#
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CHAPTER 6.
APP?ICATION8 O# )ARCODE :
Bar Code is essentiall$ used for *++ accurate & s)eed$ data entr$#
-he maor a))lications are
Retail
5anufacturin
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ualit$ control
Packin
;are housin
%ervice industr$ such as Courier 'ndustr$, os)ital and >i(rar$
5anaement
E/)ort 'ndustr$
CHAPTER .
)I)?IO$RAPH9 :
htt)@NNwww#manaementsu))ort#comN(arcode#htm
htt)@NNen#wiki)edia#orNwikiN(arcode
%eminarsto)ics#com 0+
http://www.managementsupport.com/barcode.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/barcodehttp://www.managementsupport.com/barcode.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/barcode -
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htt)@NNwww#satoeuro)e#comNenNa(outN(arcode#html
CHAPTER
1-.
REARF :
http://www.satoeurope.com/en/about/barcode.htmlhttp://www.satoeurope.com/en/about/barcode.html