Download - An Ode to Paper
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An Ode to Paper
Dr. Sarah KnightMr. David O’Connor
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About the Ryan Institute
Over 300 people doing research on hundreds of different environmental, marine and energy projects
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Why paper? Who cares!?
People need to say stuff! And they have a lot of stuff to
say!
The United States Library of Congress in Washington D.C. ranks as the largest library in the world. It holds over 118 million items which require more than 500 miles of shelving.
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It all started with painting pictures on caves, thousands of years ago
Where paper came from…
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Where paper came from…
One of the first written languages was Cuneiform, written on clay tablets (3000 BC)
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Where paper came from…People later began to write on anything: Fabric, Bamboo, Bone,
Turtle Shell & Bark
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Around the same time as cuneiform, the Ancient Egyptians were writing hieroglyphics on sheets of papyrus
This is actually where the word “paper” comes from (even though it’s not paper as we know it)
Where paper came from…
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Paper made from pulp was invented in China (105 AD)
Where paper came from…
Paper was one of the 4 great inventions of Ancient China (along with gunpowder, the compass and printing)
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Meanwhile, in Europe, writing was still being carved in stone, such as Ogham writing in Ireland and runes in Northern Europe (400 AD)
Where paper came from…
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For a while, vellum (animal skins) became popular, in parts of Asia, Egypt, and Europe
Where paper came from…
Recognize
this?
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The spread of paper making…
100 AD
750 AD
900 AD
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How did we get…
From this
to this!
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mass production mass production
http://atlas.lib.uiowa.edu/press-animation.html
c. 1440
Of books
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mass production mass production
Of paper
c. 1798
This type of machine is still the one used today!
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
spruce pine
Larch
hemlock
birch
poplar
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
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So…where does most paper come from?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SdJtYkAzTw&feature=related
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Do you think there are any problems for the environment with making and using
paper?
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A question for you…
1. How much wood does it take to make one ream of paper (500 sheets)?
a) a few sticks
b) a small fireplace log
c) a bundle of logs
d) half a tree
e) a whole tree
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Agalite or Talc
Alum
Albarine
Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate (AZC)
Anthraquinone
Anti-Foam/Defoamer
Asbestine
Barium Sulfate
Barytes
Blanc Fixe
Casein
Caustic Lye or Caustic Soda or Lye
Chalk (Precipitated)
Chlorine Gas
Dolomite
DTPA, EDTA
Guar Gum
Gypsum or Mineral White or Plaster
Hydrogen Peroxide
Lime
Magnesite
Ozone
Rosin
Salt Cake
Soda Ash
Sodium Dithionite
Starch
Sulfur
TitaniaSource: http://www.paperonweb.com/chemical.htm
1 bundle of logs 800 L of waterEnergy equal to 10 L of petrol A load of chemicals!
+ + +
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What isthe future of paper?
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Replacing Paper
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Replacing Paper
With devices like the Kindle and iPad, you can read books without using paper
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Replacing Paper
With devices like the Kindle and iPad, you can read books without using paper
There’s even electronic paper (e-paper) made from plastic.
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Digital stuff can also be projected…
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Digital stuff can also be projected…
Even projectors are getting smaller!
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But…paper demand is rising
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But…paper demand is rising
• total value about $400 billion
• one third of wood harvest used for paper making(most of the rest is for fuel)
• about one third of the fibre used to make papercomes from waste paper; most of the rest ismade from wood pulp from fresh trees
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So why do people STILL use so much paper?
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So why do people STILL use so much paper?
cheap
Easy to get
Well developed industry
Convenient to
use
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So with this demand, the way paper is made needs
to change
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Paper can come from other plant fibres (and not from cutting down trees)
Agri-residue (farm crop waste)
Fibre crops: plants grown specifically for their fibres, like kenaf (hemp) and flax
Waste paper (recycling)
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They are all made the same way…
Fibres
are flattened
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But for now, how much paper we use, is still a
big problem
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What can you do?
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What can you do?
Use less paper!
Always use both sides!
Buy used books! Sell your own books!
Newspaper is the new giftwrap!
Turn your trash into treasures!
Recycle what you do use!
Think carefully about what you do buy! (non-bleached, paper from sustainable forests, recycled paper or even better…bamboo, kenaf, or flax)