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ALTERNATIVES TO THE USE OF ANIMALS IN EXPERIMENTATIONS
THROUGH 4R’SAlisha ShaikB. pharmacy
Final yearRao’s college of pharmacy
Nellore
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ABSTRACT “Animal ethics” is as important as human welfare. It needs
effective implementation of 4R’s [ refinement, replacement, reduction, rehabilitation ]. The death and distress of the animal during the scientific study have been a matter of debate. Displacement was first discussed by “Charles Hume” for animal welfare. Replacement involves usage of alternative models such as in vitro models, cell cultures, computer models, new imaging or analyzing techniques. A knowledge on computer aided drug design [CADD], structural activity relationship [SAR] computer programs, QSAR [qualitative structural activity relationship] software, Computer assisted learning program [CAL] provides a better approach in scientific studies.
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Animals are used in the advancement in R&DAnimals are used widely in the development
of new drugs and to test the safety of other products.
Hence animals suffers with distress, pain and death etc.,.
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Need for alternativesIf we deals with animals it
requires; Highly skilled man power Time consuming protocols Acts and rules followed at
international levels to protect animals. Such as
ICH guidelines
CPCSEA guidelines NIH guidelines OECD guidelines
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PRINCIPLES OF 4R’S Animal ethics is as important as human
welfare. So effective implimentation of 4R’s is required[refinement, replacement, reduction, rehabilitation].
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ReplacementReplacement is the substitution for
conscious living higher animals of insentient material.
Methods of Replacement: Cell cultureQSARCAL
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ReplacementCell culture
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Replacement QSARQuantitative structural activity relationshipIt is a computer program used to predict the
toxicity of new drugs based on similarity to more established.
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ReplacementCALComputer assisted
learning programVarious tissues are
isolated from various animals for the experiments this can be replaced by using Ex-pharm and x-cology.
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Reduction
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Rehabilitation
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ConclusionThe development of new technologies and
substitutions as an alternatives to animal testing is important.
Through the 4R’s successful treatment for diseases without the use of animal testing can be achieved.
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