![Page 1: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
February 12, 2012
© 2008, William Fisher. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
Altai Test
William Fisher February 12, 2012
![Page 2: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
February 12, 2012
© 2008, William Fisher. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration
Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements dictated by external factors
(i) mechanical specifications of the computer (ii) compatibility requirements of other programs (iii) computer manufacturers' design standards (iv) demands of the industry being served (v) widely accepted programming practices
(c) Elements taken from public domain (3) Comparison
![Page 3: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 4: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 5: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 6: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 7: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 8: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 9: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test
![Page 10: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nichols “Pattern” Test Id
ea
Expr
essi
on
![Page 11: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Filtration
![Page 12: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements dictated by efficiency
Filtration
![Page 13: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements dictated by efficiency
Filtration
![Page 14: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements dictated by external factors
Filtration
![Page 15: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements dictated by external factors
(i) mechanical specifications of the computer (ii) compatibility requirements of other programs (iii) computer manufacturers' design standards (iv) demands of the industry being served (v) widely accepted programming practices
![Page 16: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements dictated by external factors
(i) mechanical specifications of the computer (ii) compatibility requirements of other programs (iii) computer manufacturers' design standards (iv) demands of the industry being served (v) widely accepted programming practices
![Page 17: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements dictated by external factors
(i) mechanical specifications of the computer (ii) compatibility requirements of other programs (iii) computer manufacturers' design standards (iv) demands of the industry being served (v) widely accepted programming practices
![Page 18: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements taken from public domain
Filtration
![Page 19: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Idea
Ex
pres
sion
Elements taken from public domain
Filtration
![Page 20: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Comparison
Protected Parts of Plaintiff’s program
![Page 21: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Comparison
Protected Parts of Plaintiff’s program
Elements of defendant’s program
![Page 22: Altai Test - Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society · Altai Test (1) Abstraction (2) Filtration Unprotected Material includes: (a) Elements dictated by efficiency (b) Elements](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022041605/5e33afd80f9265658c5c724f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Comparison
Protected Parts of Plaintiff’s program
Elements of defendant’s program