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Alfalfa Crop Wild Relatives for climate
change adaptationHumphries, A.*,1,9, Ovalle, C.2, del Pozo, A.3, Inostroza, L.2, Barahona, V.2, Ivelic-Saez, J.2, Yu, L.4, Yerzhanova, S.5, Meiirman, G.5 Abayev, S.5, Brummer, E.6, Hughes, S.1,9, Bingham, E.7, Kilian, B.8
8
6
5 4 32
17
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Crop Trust
Crop Wild Relatives Program – AimIdentify, collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives to improve diversity for climate change adaptation (focus on developing countries)
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Alfalfa project key steps
• Collect extreme examples of drought tolerance in perennial Medicago
• Make hybrids between these distant relatives
• Build capacity with groups in Kazakhstan, Inner Mongolia and Chile.
• Make germplasm freely available to breeders around the world.
‘Stay green’ alfalfa
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Germplasm acquisition• USDA and Australian Pastures Genebank – accessions linked to drought
• Plant collections in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and China focussing on the driest regions (SARDI, KSRIAPG, CAAS)
• Crop Trust KEW collection in Italy and Georgia (~2015)
• Russian Vavilov Institute Research (VIR) – 21 ecotypes targeted Sinkskaya
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Magdallenes alfalfa, Patagonia ChileJorge Ivelic-Saez and Luis Inostroza - INIA , J
60 cm, 70 years old
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Alta Sierra, North Chile- Andean Mountains, 3500m elevation
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Species examples
Medicago arborea (2n =32)Medicago strasseri (2n =32)
Medicago truncatula(doubled 2n =32), annual
Medicago sativa subsp. falcata(2n =16, 32)
CWR of alfalfa that have extreme levels of drought tolerance are being used to develop hybrids that plant breeders can more easily integrate into their programs
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Crossing Medicago sativa (alfalfa) with M.arborea (shrub) to develop hybrids with improved forage yield, and potentially larger root systems to improve drought tolerance
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Summary of new CWR lines / hybrids
Taxon No. Lines Fall
dormancy
Parents / Description
M.s.varia 9 2-4 1. Field selections for persistence in South Australia
2. Crosses with Kazakhstan VIR falcata and “M.trautvetteri”
with high yield
M. truncatula 4x 28 n/a Tetraploid seed lines doubled from M.truncatula cv. Sultan SU
M. sativa x M. s.
caerulea
3 3-5 APG42382 collected from the Abseron peninusula, very hot
and dry site.
M. sativa x M.
arborea
3 3-10 Edwin Bingham Alborea composite line. 500 plant population
M. sativa x M.
arborea
181 10 22 Arborea accessions x FD7 and FD10 lucerne varieties
M. sativa x M.
strasseri
66 7-10 APG41909 x FD7 and FD10 lucerne varieties
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Evaluation sites
Australia
Chile
KazakhstanInner Mongolia
Hildago
Cauquenes
AdelaideCoomandookMeningie
HuhhotAlmaty Siziwang
Kokshetau
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Drought tolerance physiology- Alejandro del Posa - Talca
Hyperspectral camera mounted on robot –NIR, NDVI, LIDAR (biomass, ME, protein)
NDVI showing divergence for leafiness on means of progeny from 6 selected parents. 206 plants measured in this population.
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Line: Sultan SU Green Canopy: 9.24%
Line:3-4 Green Canopy: 16.99%
Canopeo: A mobile phone App that quantifies green canopy cover
• Tetraploid Medicago truncatula plants have larger leaves and 30% more vigour than their diploid parents
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Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Almaty nursery with Tian Shan mountain range in background
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Hohhot alfalfa seed production nurseryHuhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Cauquenes, central Chile, Central Chile
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Extension to smallholder and subsistence farmers
• Demonstration farm of rainfed alfalfa at Cauquenes
• Provide training and hand out 1000 packets of alfalfa seed to smallholder farmers in central Chile.
• Introduce use of honey bees to improve pollination in Kazakhstan
• Demonstrate small-scale silage making to subsistence farmers in Kazakhstan and Inner Mongolia
• Seed sharing scheme to improve adoption in Inner Mongolia
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Helping smallholder and subsistence farmers- Almaty. 80% milk production from farmers with <4 cows
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Full information on germplasm and evaluation data soon to be available on Germinate 3 at:
https://ics.hutton.ac.uk/cwr/alfalfa
Almaty nursery with Tian Shan mountain range in background