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Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal Aviation Administration Airport Technology
R&D
Overview of Airport R&D
Projects
SWIFT 2012 Conference and Trade Show
Joseph Breen, Airport Safety R&D Section,
FAA Wm. J. Hughes Technical Center
September 18, 2012
2 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 2
Who are we?
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3 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 3
4 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 4
• Visual Guidance
Lights, Signs, Paint/Markings, LEDs, Other Visual Cues, Incursions
• Runway Surface Technology
Friction, Winter Ops, TALPA, Deicing, EMAS
• Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)
ARFF Vehicles, Firefighting Systems, Agents, Tools, Composites, NLA
Firefighting Strategies & Agent Methodology
• Wildlife
Avian Radar, Wildlife Strike Database, Wildlife Management
• Airport Design
Trapezoidal Grooves, FOD Detection, Taxiway Deviation Study
• Aircraft Braking Friction
• Heated Pavements
• Aircraft Noise and Annoyance
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Federal Aviation Administration Visual Guidance
LED versus
Incandescent light
source
Federal Aviation Administration
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• Runway Guard Lights.
• Touchdown zone.
• Runway Edge including Threshold,
End lights and Stopways.
• Signs per location.
• Taxiway curved segments
(centerline and edge).
• Approach Light System.
• Stop Bar.
• Runway Centerline.
• Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Lights
(RETIL) (up until the holding position
or runway vacated position).
• Intermediate holding position.
• Precision Approach Path Indicator
(PAPI)
Define what “system(s)” are not to be interspersed.
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Federal Aviation Administration
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How will this technology interact with present
airport systems?
Established a Electrical Infrastructure Research
Team (EIRT)
• A team of FAA and Industry experts to design an
Airport Lighting Infrastructure to take full advantage
of new lighting technologies.
Federal Aviation Administration
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How will this technology interact with present
airport systems?
Circuit designs considered so far:
450 V, AC Parallel Circuit
1.4 Amp, DC Series Circuit
2.8 Amp, AC Series Circuit
PWM, DC Series Circuit
Preparing small scale testing of these
circuits.
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Federal Aviation Administration
Runway Surface Technology
10 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 10
1000 ft
< 1000 ft
Problem
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11 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 11
Research Results
• Satisfied NTSB Safety Recommendation A-84-37
– Feasibility of using a soft ground material to arrest aircraft
– Promulgating a standard
12 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 12
Charleston, West Virginia, January 2010
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13 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012
Status of EMAS Research
• FAA maintains open CRDA’s with two EMAS
manufacturers
– ESCO/Zodiac (about to be renewed)
– Norsk Glasgjenvinning (NGG)
• ESCO
– Continues to pursue product enhancement through improved protective
materials and quality control processes.
• NGG
– seeking operational deployments in Europe and pursuing North American
options and requirements.
– NGG EMAS Product meets technical requirements of FAA AC 150/5220-22A.
NGG is seeking FAA Approval for their EMAS Product.
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14 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety Technology R&D
EMAS Marking/Signage
Project Description:
• Determine if additional EMAS markings are required for pilot awareness, especially when other visual cues are more dominant (blast fence).
• Determine if additional EMAS markings are required for preventing inadvertent vehicle and aircraft entry.
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15 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 15
Runway Friction
Background
• Research program maintains a group of FAA
owned continuous friction measuring equipment
(CFME) and decelerometers that support various
FAA research projects, investigations, and industry
friction survey affairs.
• Evaluate different equipment, tools, devices, and
methods in evaluating runway surface conditions
for safer aircraft operations on airports for
pavement maintenance and winter operations.
16 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 16
Runway Friction Measuring Equipment
FAA CFMEs • Dynatest Runway Friction Tester (RFT)
• Saab SARSYS Surface Friction Tester (SFT)
• Neubuert Aero Corp (NAC) Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT)
• Skiddometer BV-11
– Decelerometers
• Tapley
• NAC Electronic Dynamic Friction Decelerometer (DFD)
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Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Rescue and Fire
Fighting (ARFF) Research
18 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 18
Three Primary Research
Areas: – New Fire Fighting
Technologies
– Advanced Composite Material
Fire Fighting
– New Large Aircraft (NLA)
Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting
(ARFF) Research
Carbon laminate
Carbon sandwich
Other composites
Aluminum
Titanium
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19 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 19
Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting
(ARFF) Research New Fire Fighting Technologies
– Next Generation High Reach Extendible Turret (HRET) • Final Report Published 11/2011
– Cargo Aircraft Fire Fighting • Conducting lab and medium scale fire testing
• Preparing for full-scale fire tests in early 2012
Advanced Composite Material Fire Fighting – Development of a Live Fire Test Protocol
• Studying fire characteristics of materials using different flame sources and material configurations
New Large Aircraft (NLA) – Methodologies for determining the required amount of fire fighting agent
• Two reports produced – First report published 11/2011
– Second report anticipated to be published this mid-December.
– ARFF Strategies for NLA • Draft Report under revision
20 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 20
Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting
(ARFF) Research
• Cargo Aircraft Fire Fighting
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Federal Aviation Administration
Wildlife R&D
22 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 22
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23 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety R&D
August 13, 2012
24 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety R&D
August 13, 2012
• Managing Habitat
– Limiting food and water sources
• Understanding Behavior
– Tracking Bird Movements
– Bird use of surrounding properties
• Controlling Hazards
– Harassing and scaring
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25 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety R&D
August 13, 2012
• Total Count: 136,648 (through June 2012)
• 62% of strikes occur during day=me
• 60% occur during landing
• 37% occur during takeoff
• 41% of commercial strikes occur at 0 B AGL
• 72% below 500 B AGL
• 92% below 3500 B AGL
Annual Totals by Month
26 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety R&D
August 13, 2012
BSTAR at DFW
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27 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety R&D
August 13, 2012
• Phase 1 – Literature Review
– Identify Technology and State of the Art
• Phase 2 – Safety Risks
– Identify/Determine safety implications and risks of using on civil airport
– Determine safety risk mitigation
– Determine feasibility and practicality of use given known safety risks
• Phase 3 – Effectiveness (USDA)
– Determine effect on bird behavior
• Phase 4 – Concepts of Operation
– Develop concepts of safe and effective operational use
– Include integrated systems that utilized radar controlled deterrent devices
Federal Aviation Administration
Airport Design
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29 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
February 28, 2012 29
Project Description:
Identify and evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using an
alternative saw cut grooving technique that creates a trapezoidal groove.
Project Status:
- Technical Note was published in May 2012 (DOT/FAA/TC-TN 12/7). - Continue to field calls on approval status of trapezoidal groove.
- Investigating new mobile technology for rapidly measuring grooves shapes.
30 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
February 28, 2012 30
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31 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 31
Runway Grooving (ORD)
Notice Closure of Standard Grooves
Trap closed slightly, but still maintained ‘open’ shape.
32 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 32
Runway Grooving (ORD)
Notice Difference in Rubber on Standard Grooves
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33 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 33
Runway Grooving (Quantico)
Notice Damage to Edge of Standard Grooves
No Evidence of Damage on Trap
34 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety Technology R&D
Project Description:
• Develop an understanding of the behavior of larger
design group aircraft on smaller design group airports, in
preparation for arrival of NLA and for consideration of
smaller Airplane Design Group (ADG) airports.
• Determine the extent and probability of any deviation from taxiway centerline.
Taxiway Centerline Deviation
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35 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects 35
• Currently looking for ADG-II airports to participate.
• Need 35’ wide taxiway, 400’ long (straight), power source nearby, ADG-II traffic
36 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 36
Project Description:
- Evaluate and develop
operational performance
standards for ground based FOD
Detection systems designed to
detect foreign object debris (FOD)
that is on the surface of a runway
or taxiway.
- The following four types of
systems have been evaluated:
Radar, Optical/Cameras, Hybrid
(Radar/Optical), and Mobile Radar.
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37 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 37
• Two AC’s are out and published.
• Continue development of national FOD database
(FOD.FAA.GOV)
• Continue Characterization Study of FOD being found
at airports – ORD and others
• Evaluation/assessment of
FOD Removal tools
• New Technologies
Fod Boss
Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Braking Friction
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39 Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Braking
March 9, 2012 39
Background • Southwest Airlines (SWA) Boeing 737-7H4 Airplane Accident at Chicago
Midway International Airport (MDW) on Dec. 8, 2005
– Airplane Ran Off the Departure End of MDW Runway 31C After Landing Under Heavy Snow Conditions.
• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Safety Recommendations – NTSB Issued Safety Recommendation A-07-58 through -64 to the FAA, in response to
the SWA Airplane Accident including the following:
“Demonstrate the technical and operational feasibility of outfitting transport-category airplanes with equipment and procedures required to routinely calculate, record, and convey the airplane braking ability required and/or available to slow or stop the airplane during the landing roll. If feasible, require operators of transport-category airplanes to incorporate use of such equipment and related procedures into their operations.”
40 Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Braking
August 14, 2012
Aircraft Braking Friction – Research
• Measure aircraft tire braking forces on contaminated (ice- and snow-covered) surfaces using:
– Braking Research Aircraft (Boeing 727-25C).
– Pavement Load Test Vehicle Single Wheel Module
• Develop mathematical models of aircraft braking systems during operation on contaminated surfaces and implement using:
– Anti-Skid Brake System (ASBS) Simulation Lab.
• Use a full-motion flight simulator to:
– Evaluate simulator tire force and ASBS mathematical models.
– Learn more about pilots’ responses during operation on contaminated surfaces.
– Evaluate different operational procedures for accessing and processing responses from the aircraft systems.
• Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA) with Team Eagle Ltd.
- Joint Research on Aircraft Braking Friction Characteristics on Contaminated Runways.
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41 Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Braking
August 14, 2012
Aircraft Instrumentation • Strain Gages will be installed on all landing gear of Braking Research Aircraft for measurement
of forces generated during wheel braking conditions on contaminated runways.
• Wheel speed transducers and optical sensor installed on aircraft for measurement of wheel
speed and aircraft speed.
• Accelerometers being installed for measurement of acceleration at cockpit, at aircraft C.G., and
in longitudinal direction at nose gear.
• Data acquisition system installed on aircraft for measurement and recording of strain gage,
accelerometer, and speed sensor signals.
42 Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Braking
August 14, 2012
Planned Aircraft Testing and Simulator Work Aircraft Testing
• Aircraft acceleration and deceleration performance tests on runway.
– 40 to 80 knots.
• Instrumentation tests, mostly on the FAA ramp on dry surfaces.
– 20 to 30 knots.
• Brake performance tests on dry and wet surfaces.
– start on the FAA ramp and progress to runway. • Brake performance tests on ice and snow.
– Manufactured snow and ice.
– Natural snow.
• Stopping performance tests on natural snow.
FAA Boeing 737-800 Full-Motion Flight Simulator Work
• Need to evaluate accuracy of models for runway surface
contamination and Anti-Skid Brake System (ASBS).
• Full-Motion Flight Simulator runs to evaluate aircraft landing
performance using data from braking friction testing.
• Develop operational procedures for determining and reporting
aircraft braking performance (stopping distance) and pilot
performance by studies conducted in the full-motion flight simulator.
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Federal Aviation Administration
Heated Pavement Research
44 Federal Aviation Administration
ANG-E262 REDAC Committee
Aug 14, 2012
Heated Pavement Overview
Advisory Circular 150/5370-17
Airside Use of Heated Pavements.
1. Principals of heated pavement operation.
2. Guidance on system design and heat
requirements.
3. Design process including feasibility, design,
and construction.
4. Use of the AC is mandatory for all AIP funded
projects.
5. All heated pavement projects must be
coordinated with the office of planning and
programming for AIP eligibility. AC issued March 29, 2011
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45 Federal Aviation Administration
ANG-E262 REDAC Committee
Aug 14, 2012
Electrically Conductive
Concrete Overlay
• Grant for Prototype Project
• Assess ability of a solar panel
system to apply smaller amounts of
energy continuously heat concrete
mass.
• Electrically conductive concrete 20’
x 24’ 4” thick overlay powered by
solar panels and battery back-up.
• Includes voltage regulator and data
acquisition equipment.
Dr. Ernie Heymsfield - University of Arkansas (PI)
46 Federal Aviation Administration
ANG-E262 REDAC Committee
Aug 14, 2012
• Hydronic system for heating of concrete apron
in winter and air conditioning of airport terminal
in summer.
• Phase I of Grant has been completed including
installation of a 40 feet x 80 feet concrete pad 11
inches thick with hydronic tubing installed 6
inches below top of concrete, and distribution
piping to planned geothermal wells.
• Demonstration of concrete pad snow melting
capability accomplished in February, 2012.
• Phase II of Grant has been awarded for
construction of geothermal wells and
mechanical systems. Construction contract
award anticipated in September, 2012.
Geothermal Heated Pavement Greater Binghamton Airport
Professor Bill Ziegler University of Binghamton (PI)
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Federal Aviation Administration
Aircraft Noise and Annoyance
48 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety Technology R&D
Aircraft Noise and Annoyance Survey
Project Description:
• Update scientific evidence of the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and its effects on communities around U.S. airports
– Conduct surveys out to DNL 55 • Annoyance
• Sleep Disturbance (possibly)
– Collect noise exposure data
Why?
• Need for updated data to base noise policy
• Since 1990, 95% of noise social surveys have been overseas
• Aircraft have gotten quieter, but more frequent
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49 Federal Aviation Administration
FAA Airport Safety Technology R&D
Aircraft Noise and Annoyance Survey
• Phase 1 – Test Plan (FY12/13)
– Identify at least 10 airports to survey
– Discuss data collection and analysis plan
• Phase 2 – Survey Instrument (FY13)
– OMB Approval - 6 to 9 months process
– Have flexibility to collect additional information, such as sleep disturbance
• Phase 3 – Data Collection (FY13/14)
– Prior to data collection, contractor will report on airport coordination
– Human response and noise exposure data collection in DNL 55 contour
– Collect noise exposure data from noise monitors from airports where the data is available
• Phase 4 – Data Analysis & Final Report (FY14)
– Create dose-response curves for annoyance
50 Federal Aviation Administration
Overview of Airport R&D Projects
September 18, 2012 50
Questions or Comments?
FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center
Airport Safety R&D Section
ANG-E261, Building 296
Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405
Joseph Breen, General Engineer
609-485-8825 [email protected]
www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov