Download - Airbus Embedded Network
Juan LOPEZ - Nathalie COURMONT
November 2007
Embedded network in Airbus Avionics
Fet’2007
Presented by
Juan LOPEZNathalie COURMONT
AIRBUS FranceData Network Specialists
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Outlines
1 Network technologies in the A320/A330/ A340 families
o1.1 A/C communications
o1.2 ARINC 429
o1.3 limitation & new needs
2 Network technologies in the A380, A400M, A350 and further
o2.1 A/C communications evolution
o2.2 AFDX
o2.3 Field Busses Requirements
o2.4 CAN
Conclusion / Objectives of networks on board
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Ground Information System (AL,Airbus,…)
Back Office
Com
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Connectivity
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A I R L I N E
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AvionicsARINC 429
IFE
HF/VHF/SATCOM
CABINARINC 429- Ethernet
1 Network technologies in the A320/A330/ A340 families
A340
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The Air/ground communicationsThey provide several means for the communication between aircraft and ground stations for navigation and control: HF, VHF, SATCOM, etc.. (Air Traffic Control, Airline Operational Communications,.. )
The different types of A/C Communications: The Airline passenger communicationsPart of InFlight Entertainment (IFE), it includes communications (telephony, e-mail, ..), information (news, weather, web content..), and interactive services (video games, shopping/e-commerce, surfing the web). Based on Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies
The Cabin operational communicationsThey are used to control of interior lighting, temperature, pressure. They are based on ARINC 429, Ethernet technology
The Avionics CommunicationsThey represent all the information exchanged between the avionics equipment and systems used to the control of the aircraft. It is based principally on ARINC 429. Somes Systems used for internal communications specific technologies (ex; video).
1.1 A/C Communications
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Characteristics: Technology of the years 1970
– Communication unidirectional One bus =One transmitter several receivers (20 Receivers max, 95% bus < 10 Rx on A340)
– One twisted shielded pair 100 m maximum.
– Bit Rates 12 Kbit/s or 100 Kbits/s (Low Speed / High Speed)– ARINC Data words based on 32 bits: The label (8 bits), it identifies the type of
transmitted information, used by the receivers to select the data • Data area (19 bits) which can be: numerical data, discrete data, maintenance data and
Acknowledgement, And ISO Alphabet
• The 5 other bits are used to :Odd Parity bit, Source Destination identifier and the Status of the data
1.2 AVIONICS Communication on ARINC 429
LRU2
1 twisted pair
3 bus: - A vers B, C, D et E - B vers A - E vers A
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• Unidirectional communication
• Low bandwidths 12 Kbit/s or 100 Kbits/s
• Important wiring and the Nbr of pins on the connectors of the equipment (CMC = 120 LRUs in reception, 240 pins)
• Limitation of data format on 429 (ex: 20 bits to code a parameter). Difficulties to support sophisticated communications protocols
Its limitation
The new needs• Important exchanges of data: Dataloading of equipment, data base
=>Bandwidth
•To support Communications protocol more complex based on bi-directional communications : TFTP, ARINC 615,. interactive mode.. etc
=>Need for bidirectional communication to support Complex Protocol
• Increase the sharing of the data: Interdependence of the system are increasing, Data base. Ex The clock => Access to all information
• Flexibility of architecturesFlexibility of architectures of communication : Management of the options. modification of architectures. => Simplification of wiring
•Open the communications: The system in the A/C are not isolated, communication with an open world => Use of standard protocols of communication (TCP/IP)
1.3 Limitations & new needs
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2 Network technologies in the A380, A400M, A350 and further
Ground Information System (AL,Airbus,…)
Back Office
Com
mon P
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tform
Connectivity
C ustomerP ortal
/ AO LS
Com
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Connectivity
C ustomerP ortal
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C ustomerP ortal
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A I R L I N E
3rd network
ServerTerminal
Display Switch
Router
WindowsGalley
Seats………
Lights
Avionics(AFDX + ARINC 429 - CAN)
IFECab OpsA/C Ops
BGAN/…/WIFI/CellularHF/VHF/SATCOM
Pax ground services
BGAN (Broadband Global Area Network)
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The Air/ground communicationsSame as A320 ( HF, VHF, SATCOM) , with new needs of bandwidth
The different types of A/C Communications: The Airline passenger communicationsNo major modification, (not applicable to A400M)
The A/C and Cabin operational CommunicationsNew Ethernet network to operate the A/C. Based on Ethernet technology open to operational functions (maintenance, A/C configuration, data exchange with the ground AOC Airline Operational Communications, etc…).
The Avionics CommunicationsThe evolution has two aspects:
1- Inter-System communications: Replacement of the ARINC 429 by a new technology AFDX: A new federator network based on Ethernet technology.
2- Intra-System Communication: To promote a technology of field bus to meet the need of sensor actuator communication. The goal is to avoid to implement specific technology by each system. Problems of the Airline to maintain several technologies: technical Competence, tools
2.1 A/C communications evolution
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AAvionics vionics FFull ull DDupleupleXX Switched EthernetSwitched EthernetBased on a network technology of the data-processing market:
Commutated Ethernet 10/100 Mbit/s in full duplexA deterministic network => Given by predefined path of
communication (Virtual Link) Redundant network. => Hight Availability
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
LRU
LRU
LRM
LRU
LRM
LRU
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
SWITCH
LRU
LRM
LRU
LRM
LRU
LRU
2.2 AFDX
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2.3 Field Busses Requirements (1)
IMA
LRU
LRU
SWITCH
LRU
LRU
IMA
AFDX world
CAN node 1
CAN node 2
CAN node n
CAN node 1
CAN node 2
CAN node n
System A
System B
SWITCH
LRU = Line Replaceable Unit IMA = Integrated Modular Avionic (Gateway function)
Supplier xx Supplier yy
AFDX = backbone
CAN = intra / (inter) system network – multiple suppliers
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2.3 Field Busses Requirements (2)
• «OPEN» Field bus required,Free from supplier (no proprietary solution)Standardized
• Wide diffusion within numerous domainsMature technology,Rely on electronic mass market standards, allowing multiple
sources,Well known technologies mastered by our suppliers
• Quality of ServicesDetection fault mechanism,Data integrity mechanism,Determinism
• Reliable Physical Layer according to A/C environment
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Long life of aircrafts (30 years) but small amount of units (around 1 per day gets out from Boeing and Airbus assembly lines) pushes to follow a size market that gives quantities.
The “open” standard, the large tool offer and the price has contributed to CAN success in aircrafts.
CAN on A380 = 420 CAN connections / 75 bussesUsed for avionics application ( Integrated control Panel,
Cockpit Displays, Fire Detection, Power Distribution…)High demanding physical layer: length / # equipments,
1Mbits/s, installation issues“Design Assurance Level” A systems - Certification Lightning protection
ISO Reduced usage perimeter, specifications, installation, data flow
2.4 CAN (1)
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2.4 CAN (2)
Standard components Reduced perimeter
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Conclusion / Objective of networks
Behind the concept, the federative elements are:• Wide re-useable solution,
• Wide Adoption of the solution by Aeronautics community,
• Wide benefits for overall actors ( A/L, A/C Manufacturer, Suppliers),
“ Favour common network technology on board
Ease design,
Simplify manufacturing,
Reduce installation,
Mature products,
Increase reliability,
Flexibility
…….forget technology.”
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Thank you for your attention!
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This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.
The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.