Download - AIR RULES,1982
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
1/42
AIR POLLUTION & ITS LEGISLATIONS -
INDIA
Presentation By : Nandini Nim (626)
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
2/42
News- THE HINDU 12THSEP04
CO2 CONCENTRATION IN ATMOSPHERE UNPRECEDENTED
LONDON witnessed first three digit Fahrenheit temp.
15000 people died in France due to high temp. ( 1873)
2003 in A.P. Heat wave started on May 16 and continuedfor 27 days averaging 47 degrees Celsius
Globally no. of hot days has increased
continental precipitation has risen by 5-10%
Glaciers and snow covers are reducing at a rapid rate Frequency of natural disasters has increased
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
3/42
What is Air Pollution?
Air pollution
Introduction intothe atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological
materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death tohumans, damage other living organisms such as foodcrops, or damage the natural environment or builtenvironment.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
4/42
Sources of air pollution
Fuelbyproducts
Completeburning
CO2
H2O
IncompleteBurning
CO
Fromimpurities
SO2
NO, NO2
OtherSources
ozone(groundlevel)
Lead
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
5/42
Volatiles (paint
solvents , etc.)
Indoor Air
Pollution
Particulates(SPM
) and aerosols
Natural
Pollen, dust, saltspray,
Smoke for forestfires
Anthropogenic
Smoke and Soot
Fly ash
Dust
Secondary Airpollutants (due
to reactions inthe air)
Smog Acid rain
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
6/42
Effects of Air Pollution
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
7/42
Air pollution is like a slow poison. Theill effects of air pollution are not seenimmediately. But over a long period of
time, the pollutants present in air
damage our health and property.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
8/42
1. Air pollution can cause breathing difficulties(respiratory problems) and diseases such asasthma, lung cancer, tuberculosis and pneumonia.
2. Air pollution can cause carbon monoxide poisoningleading to suffocation and even death.
3. Air pollution can cause acid rain which damagescrop plants, trees, buildings, monuments, statuesand metal structures; and make the soil acidic.
4. Air pollution causes depletion of ozone layer due towhich ultraviolet radiations can reach the earth andcause damage.
5. Air pollution causes green house effect (or globalwarming) which leads to excessive heating of theearth and its atmosphere.
6. Occupational Hazards
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
9/42
AIR ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL OFPOLLUTION)ACT1981
Chapter II- CENTRAL AND STATE BOARDS FOR THE PREVENTIONAND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
CPCB: The CentralPollution Control Board
constituted under section3 of the Water
(Prevention and Controlof Pollution) Act, 1974 (6
of 1974) .
SPCB: State PollutionControl Boards constitutedunder section 4 of Act 6 of1974 to be State Boards
under this Act.
Central Board to exercisethe powers and performthe functions of a State
Board in the UnionTerritories
An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of airpollution.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
10/42
EFFORT OF WORLD BODIES
Montreal Protocol
1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro
Kyoto protocol
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
11/42
Greenhouse
gasesCarbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons(PFCs)
Sulphur hexafluoride(SF6)
Sectors/sourcecategories
Energy
Fuel combustion
Energy industries
Manufacturingindustries andconstruction
Transport
Other sectors
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
12/42
In the Constitution of India it is clearly stated that it is the duty of the state toprotect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests andwildlife of the country.
It imposes a duty on every citizen to protect and improve the naturalenvironment including forests, lakes rivers and wildlife. Reference tothe environment has also been made in the Directive Principles of State Policy
as well as the Fundamental Rights.
The Department of Environment was established in India in 1980 to ensure ahealthy environment for the country. This later became the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forests in 1985.
The constitutional provisions are backed by a number of laws acts, rules andnotifications. The Environment Protection Act of 1986(EPA) came intoforce soon after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and is considered an umbrellalegislation as it fills many gaps in the existing laws.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATIONS
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
13/42
1948 Factories Act and Amendment in 1987
the first to express concern for the working environment ofthe workers. The amendment of 1987 has sharpened itsenvironmental focus and expanded its application tohazardous processes.
1981 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
provides for the control and abatement of air pollution. Itentrusts the power of enforcing this act to the CentralPollution Control Board.
1982 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules
defines the procedures of the meetings of the Boards and thepowers entrusted on them.
1982 Atomic Energy Act
deals with the radioactive waste.
1987 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Amendment Act
empowers the central and state pollution boards to meetwith grave emergencies of air pollution.
CHRONOLOGY OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL LEGISLATIONS
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
14/42
CSE STUDY
About 78% cities (141 cities) exceed the standard set forparticulate matter of size below 10 microns (PM10). As manyas 90 cities have critical levels of PM10 and of this, 26 citieshave most critical levels of PM10, exceed the standard bymore than 3 times. Gwalior, West Singbhum, Ghaziabad,
Raipur, and Delhi are top five critically polluted cities. The PM10 monitoring network has doubled between 2005
and 2010 - it has increased from 96 to 180 cities. Duringthis period the cities with low level of pollution has fallenfrom 10 to 2 and the number of critically polluted cities have
increased from 49 to 89 cities. In 2005 about 75% of citiesexceeded the standard. In 2010, a total of 78% of cities areexceeding the standard," CSE said
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
15/42
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) considers air to be clean ifthe levels are below 50 per cent of the prescribed standards forpollutants.
During 2007 only 2 per cent cities have low air pollution on the basis ofPM
10. In about 80 per cent of cities (of a total of 127 cities/towns
monitored under the NAMP) at least one criteria pollutant exceeded theannual average ambient air quality standards.
This has serious public health implications. There are very few cities,which can be termed clean keeping PM10 levels (respirable particulates)as criteria however over the years SO2 levels have fallen sharply inmany cities but the NO2 levels are increasing in many cities.
The skies over North India are seasonally filled with a thick soupof aerosol particles all along the southern edge of theHimalayas, Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal.- NASA researchfindings.
India has the worst air pollution in the entire world, beating China,
Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh, according to a study released duringthis years World Economic Forum in Davos
The World Health Organization estimates that about two million peopledie prematurely every year as a result ofAir pollution
http://www.gits4u.com/envo/envo33.htmhttp://www.gits4u.com/envo/envo33.htmhttp://www.gits4u.com/envo/envo33.htmhttp://www.gits4u.com/envo/envo33.htm -
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
16/42
AIR ACT, 1981
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
17/42
CHAPTER I : PRELIMINARY
Short title, extent & commencement
Definitions
- "air pollutant" means any solid, liquid or
gaseous substance [including noise] present inthe atmosphere in such concentration as maybe or tend to be injurious to human beings orother living creatures or plants or property orenvironment
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
18/42
CHAPTER 2 : CENTRAL AND STATE BOARDS FORTHE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIR
POLLUTION
Central Pollution Control Board
State Pollution Control Boards constitutedunder section 4 of Act 6 of 1974 to be StateBoards under this Act
Terms and conditions of service of members
Constitution of State Boards
Central Board to exercise the powers and
perform the functions of a State Board in theUnion Territories
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
19/42
CHAPTER 3 : POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OFBOARDS
Functions of Central Board advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the
improvement of the quality of air and the prevention, control orabatement of air pollution
plan and cause to be executed a nation -wide programme for theprevention, control or abatement of air pollution
co-ordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputesamong them
provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carryout and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of airpollution and prevention, control or abatement of air pollution
plan and organize the training of persons
organize through mass media a comprehensive programme
lay down standards for the quality of air
collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to airpollution and the measures devised for its effective prevention, control
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
20/42
Functions of State Boards to advise the State Government on any matter
concerning the prevention, control or abatementof air pollution
to inspect, at all reasonable times, any control
equipment, industrial plant or manufacturingprocess
to inspect air pollution control areas at suchintervals as it may think necessary, assess thequality of air therein
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
21/42
CHAPTER 4 : PREVENTION AND CONTROL OFAIR POLLUTION
Power to declare air pollution control areas
Power to give instructions for ensuring standards for emission fromautomobiles
Restrictions on use of certain industrial plants
Person carrying on industry, etc. not to allow emission of air pollutantsin excess of the standards laid down by State Board
Power of entry and inspection
Power to obtain information Power to take samples of air or emissionand procedure to be followed in connection therewith
Reports of the result of analysis on samples taken under section 26
State Air Laboratory
Analysts
Reports of analysts
Appeals
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
22/42
CHAPTER 5 : FUND, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT
Contribution by Central Government
Fund of Board
Borrowing powers of Board
Budget
Annual report
Accounts and audit
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
23/42
CHAPTER - 6 PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
Offences by companies- ( 18 m/6 Yrs/5000)
Offences by government departments
Protection of action taken in good faith
Reports and returns
Bar of jurisdiction
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
24/42
CHAPTER 7 - MISCELLANEOUS
Power of State Government to supersede StateBoard
Dissolution of State Boards constituted under the
Act
Maintenance of register
Power of Central Government to make rules
Power of State Government to make rules
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
25/42
Ambient Air Quality of Mumbai for January 2004
Location Type
of
Are
a
Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide RespirableSuspended
Particulate Matter
Suspended
Particulate Matter
Av
g.Std.
Devn Av
g.Std.
Devn Av
g.Std.
Devn Av
g.Std.
Devn
Parel I 8 2 8 32 9 8 147 75 8 401 158 8
Worli R 17 17 8 37 19 8 117 46 8 299 72 8
Kalbadevi R 8 2 8 38 10 8 119 42 8 344 76 8
Pollutants Time- Concentration in ambient air Method of measurement
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
26/42
weighted
average Industrial Areas Residential,Rural & other
Areas
Sensitive Areas
SulphurDioxide (SO2) Annual
Average*80 g/m3 60 g/m3 15 g/m3 - Improved West and Geake
Method
- Ultraviolet Fluorescence24 hours** 120 g/m3 80 g/m3 30 g/m3
Oxides ofNitrogen as
(NOx)
AnnualAverage*
80 g/m3 60 g/m3 15 g/m3 - Jacob & Hochheiser Modified(Na-Arsenite) Method
24 hours** 120 g/m3 80 g/m3 30 g/m3 - Gas Phase Chemiluminescence
Suspended Particulate
Matter (SPM)Annual
Average*360 g/m3 140 g/m3 70 g/m3 - High Volume Sampling, (Average flow
rate not less than 1.1 m3/minute).
24 hours** 500 g/m3 200 g/m3 100 g/m3
RespirableParticulateMatter (RPM) (size
less than 10 microns)
AnnualAverage*
120 g/m3 60 g/m3 50 g/m3 - Respirable particulate mattersampler
24 hours** 150 g/m3 100 g/m3 75 g/m3
Lead (Pb) AnnualAverage*
1.0 g/m3 0.75 g/m3 0.50 g/m3 - ASS Method after samplingusing EPM 2000 or equivalent
Filter paper24 hours** 1.5 g/m3 1.00 g/m3 0.75 g/m3 .
Ammonia1 Annual
Average*
0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/m3 .
24 hours** 0.4 mg/ m3 0.4 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3 .
CarbonMonoxide (CO) 8 hours** 5.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 1.0 mg/ m3 - Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR)
1 hour 10.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 Spectroscopy
*
Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
**
24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two
consecutive days.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
27/42
AIR PREVENTION & CONTROL RULES, 1982
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
28/42
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 53 of AirPrevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981) theCentral Government in consultation with the Central Board forthe Prevention and Control of Water Pollution hereby makes the
following rules, namely .-
1. Chapter 1- PRELIMINARY
2. Chapter 2 -PROCEDURE FOR TRANSACTION OF BUSINESSOF THE BOARD AND ITS COMMITTEES
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4 -TEMPORARY ASSOCIATION OF PERSONS WITHTHE CENTRAL BOARD
5. Chapter 5 -BUDGET OFTHE CENTRAL BOARD
6. Chapter 6 -ANNUAL REPORT OFTHE CENTRAL BOARD
7. Chapter 7 -ACCOUNT OF THE CENTRAL BOARD
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
29/42
Chapter-1 Preliminary
Short title & commencement
Definitions - In these rules unless the context otherwise requires.-
"Act" means the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
"Chairman" means the Chairman of the Central Board;"form" means a form set out in the Schedules;
"meeting" means a meeting of the Central Board or a meeting of Committeeconstituted by the Central Board;
"member Secretary" means the member secretary of the Central Board;
"Schedule" means a Schedule appended to these rules;
"section" means a section of the Act;
"year" means the financial year commencing on the 1st day of April;words and expressions not defined in these rules but defined in the Act shallhave the meaning assigned to them in the Act.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
30/42
Chapter -2 Procedure for transaction ofbusiness of the board and its committees
Notice of Meetings
Meeting of the Central Board shall be held on such dates as may befixed by the Chairman.
The Chairman shall, upon a written request of not less than five
members of the Central Board or upon a direction of the CentralGovernment, call a special meeting of the Central Board.
Fifteen clear days' notice of an ordinary meeting and three days' noticeof a special meeting specifying the time and the place at which suchmeeting is to be held and an agenda of business to be transactedthereat, shall be given by the member-secretary or Chairman to themembers or any other officers of the Board.
No member shall be entitled to bring forward for the consideration of ameeting any matter of which he has not given ten clear-day's notice tothe member Secretary unless the Chairman, in his discretion, permitshim to do so.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
31/42
Presiding Officer
Every meeting shall be presided over by the Chairman and in his absence, by a presidingofficer to be of elected by the members present from amongst themselves.
All questions to be decided by majority
All questions at a meeting shall be decided by-a majority of votes of members presentand voting shall be by raising of hands in favour of the proposal.
Quorum
Five members shall form the quorum for any meeting.
If at any time fixed for any meeting or during the course of any meeting a quorum is notpresent, the Chairman or presiding member shall adjoin the meeting and if a quorum isnot present after the expiration of fifteen minutes from such adjournment, the presiding
officer shall adjourn the meeting to such time on the following or on such other futuredate as he may fix.
Minutes
Record of the proceedings of every meeting along with the names of members whoattended the meeting shall be kept by the member-secretary in a book maintained byhim exclusively for the purpose.
The minutes of the previous meeting shall be read at the beginning of every succeedingmeeting and shall be confirmed and signed by the Chairman or presiding officer at suchmeeting,
Maintaining order at meetings.
The Chairman or presiding officer shall preserve order at a meeting.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
32/42
Business to be transacted at a meeting
No business shall be transacted in the meeting without quorum.
Except with the permission of the chairman or presiding officer, no business which is
not entered in the agenda or of which notice has not been given by a member undersub-rule (5) of the rule 3, shall be transacted at any meeting.
Order of business
At any meeting business shall be transacted in the order in which it is entered in theagenda circulated to the members under sub-rule (3) of rule 3.
Either at the beginning of the meeting or after the conclusion of the debate on amotion during the meting, the Chairman or presiding officer or a member may suggesta change in the order of business as entered in the agenda and if the majority of themembers present agree, the Chairman or presiding officer shall agree to such achange.
Procedure for transaction of business of committeesconstituted by the Board under sub-section (1) of Section 11
The time and place of the meting of a committee constituted by the Central Boardunder sub-section (I) of section 11 shall be as specified by the Chairman of thecommittee.
Provision of Chapter-2 of these rules shall as far as practicable, apply to the meeting ofthe committee constituted under section 11.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
33/42
CHAPTER 3
A member of a committee other than a member of the Board
shall be paid
an allowance of rupees fifty if he is a resident of Delhi andrupees seventy-five (inclusive of daily allowance)
travelling allowance at such rate as is admissible to a grade Iofficer of the Central Government in the case of non resident,for each day of the actual meeting of the committee which heattends.
Provided that in case of a member of Parliament who is also amember of the Central Board, the said daily and travellingallowances will be admissible when the Parliament is not in
session and on production of a certificate by the member thathe has not drawn any such allowance for the same journey andhalts from any other Government source.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
34/42
Chapter 4 - Temporary Association of Personswith the Central Board
Manner and purpose of Association of persons with theCentral Board under sub-section (1) of section 12
The Central Board may invite any person whose assistance or advise isconsidered useful in performing any of its functions, to participate in thedeliberations of any of its meetings or the meetings of a committee
formed by it
Fees and allowances to be paid to such temporaryassociation of persons under sub-section (3) of section 12
If the person associated with the Board under rule 13 happens to be anon-official resident in Delhi, he shall be entitled to get an allowance of
rupees fifty per day for each day of actual meeting of the Central Boardin which he is so associated.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
35/42
If such person is non-resident of Delhi, he shall be entitled to
get an allowance of rupees seventy five per day (inclusive ofdaily allowance) for each day of actual meeting of the CentralBoard when he is so associated and also to travelling allowanceat such rates as is admissible to a grade I officer of the CentralGovernment.
Notwithstanding anything in sub-rules (I) and (2) if such personis a
Government servant or an employee in a Government undertaking,he shall be entitled to travelling and daily allowances only at therates admissible under the relevant rules applicable to him:
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
36/42
Chapter 5- Budget of the Central Board
Form of budget estimates underSection 34
The form in which and time within which the budget may beprepared and provided and forwarded to the governmentshall be as provided in forms I, II, III and IV of Schedule 1.
The estimated receipts and expenditure shall beaccompanied by the revised budget estimates for the currentyear.
The budget shall, as far as may be, based on the accountheads specified in Schedule II.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
37/42
Chapter 6 Annual report of the CentralBoard
Form of Annual Report under section 35
The annual report in respect of the year last endedgiving a true and full account of the activities of theCentral Board during the previous financial year shallcontain the particulars specified in Schedule 111 and
shall be submitted to the Central Government by 15th ofMay each year.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
38/42
Chapter 7 - Account of the Central board
Form of annual statement of accounts of the CentralBoard under section 36
The annual statement of accounts of the Central Board shall bein forms V to IX.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
39/42
NAMP
Central Pollution Control Board initiated NationalAmbient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM)programme in the year 1984 with 7 stations atAgra and Anpara. Subsequently the programmewas renamed as National Air Monitoring
Programme (N.A.M.P.). The number ofmonitoring stations under N.A.M.P. hasincreased, steadily, to 295 by 2000-01 covering99 cities/towns in 28 States and 4 UnionTerritories of the country.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
40/42
NAMP
Under N.A.M.P., four air pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide(SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2 and SuspendedParticulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable SuspendedParticulate Matter (RSPM/PM10)
Observed annual mean concentration of criteria pollutant
Exceedence Factor = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Annual standard for the respective pollutant and area class
The four air quality categories are:Critical pollution (C) : when EF is more than 1.5;
High pollution (H) : when the EF is between 1.0 - 1.5;Moderate pollution (M) : with and EF between 0.5 - 1.0; and
Low pollution (L): where the EF is less than 0.5.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
41/42
PM10 (Respirable Particulates)Trends
In 2007 data of 121 cities has been analysed and only three cities Dewas,
Tirupati, Kozhikode recorded low pollution level. Indian cities are reeling under heavy particulate pollution with 52 percent of
cities (63 cities) hitting critical levels (exceeding 1.5 times the standard), 36cities with high levels (11.5 times the annual standard) and merely 19cities are at moderate levels, which is 50 per cent below the standard.
The PM10 levels remain persistently high in the northern region. In the NCRtowns Noida, Faridabad including NCT Delhi have high levels of PM10 and in
past two years the levels have increased. Only in hill towns such as Shimla, Gajraula and Parwanoo have low
PM10 levels. In western and eastern India, there is usually a mixed trend.Eastern cities, including Shillong, Angul, Rourkela and Howrah, show anincreasing trend and in the west PM10 levels have declined in some citieslike Ahmedabad, Solapur, Nagda and Jamnagar but increased in Mumbai,Kota and Satna.
In southern India, though the cities generally have lower PM10 levelscompared to the northern ones, some cities show an increase. In cities suchas Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Tuticorin, and Bangalore there is anincreasing trend. A sharp declining trend has been noted inThiruvanthapuram, Kochi and Mysore during 2000-2007 PM10 levels aregradually reducing.
-
7/28/2019 AIR RULES,1982
42/42
Thank You