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Aims
1. Outline the structural diversity of lipids.
2. Examine the biophysical characteristics of lipids.
3 Outline the biochemical synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids.
4. Examine lipid transport through the body.
5. Outline the process of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
6. Compare the amount of energy from fatty acid and glucose oxidation.
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Lipid Metabolism
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Lipid transport
TGTG
TGTGTG
TG
TG
Bile salts
(emuslification)
TG
Fatty acidsglycerol
INTESTINE INTESTINAL
EPITHELIAL
CELL
TG
Cholesterol
apolipoproteins
LYMPH/
BLOOD
chylomicrons
Lipases
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Lipid Metabolism• Digestion - Hydrolysis Reaction (Pancreatic lipases)
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Lipid transport
LIPID TRANSPORT
•Lipids are transported in the blood as lipoproteins
Apolipoproteins +
Lipids:
Cholesterol
Cholesteryl esters
Triacylglycerols
Phospholids
lipoproteins
•There are 4 types of lipoprotein
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Lipid transport
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Lipid transport
LDL
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Lipid transport
The lipoprotein formed depends on the constituent apoprotein and lipids
triglycerideapolipoprotein
Chylo VLDL LDL HDL
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LIVER
Lipid transport
ADIPOSE MUSCLE
VLDLTG
Cholesterol
Cholesterol-esters
TGTG
LDLCholesterol
Cholesterol-esters
TG
Cholesterol
CMCONS
HDL
Cholesterol-esters
TISSUES
GONADS
ADRENALS
lymph
Fatty acids
albumin
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Lipid transport
Atherosclerosis – fatty plaques in blood vessels
• High blood cholesterol – LDL receptor / hypercholesterolaemia
see Lehninger p811 for more info.
vessel occlusion – heart attack!
• High levels of LDL – probably bad
• High levels of HDL – probably good