Présentation Nuvia Travaux SpéciauxIAEA Workshop 12-16 December 2011 – Construction Technologies
EARTHQUAKE-PROOF PADS OF JHR ProjectAIEA WORKSHOP 12-16 DECEMBERCONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES for Nuclear Power Plants: a comprehensive approach
Le Groupe NuviaThe Jules Horowitz Reactor 1Présentation de SalvaremThe seismic base isolation choice 2ActivitésASB qualification 3Gamme de produitsASB manufacturing 4Exemples de projetsImplementation on site 5
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies 2
Le Groupe NuviaThe Jules Horowitz Reactor 1Présentation de SalvaremThe seismic base isolation choice 2ActivitésASB qualification 3Gamme de produitsASB manufacturing 4Exemples de projetsImplementation on site 5
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies 3
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) key figuresMain data Eighen frequency of rigid str. : 9 Hz
Eighen frequency of isolated str. : 0,60 Hz
PGA : 0,35g (hard soil conditions)
195 elastomeric bearings
Bearings dimensions : 900 x 900 x 120 mm
Damping ratio : 5%
Dynamic shear modulus : Gd = 1,10 MPa
1Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR)
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• JHR seismic base concept
1
5
Jules Horowitz Reactor JHR elastomeric bearings special bearing plates with:
- Connectors (studs)
- Removal stops
- Non shrinkable removable mortar
assembled sandwich delivered on site (removable mortar for replacement operations casted) commissioning (adjustment and settlement with concrete)
Le Groupe NuviaThe Jules Horowitz Reactor 1Présentation de SalvaremThe seismic base isolation choice 2ActivitésASB qualification 3Gamme de produitsASB manufacturing 4Exemples de projetsImplementation on site 5
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies 6
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
Springs with horizontal stiffness K
KM2T
Building mass M
• Principle of seismic isolation Isolate the motion of the superstructure from the motion of the
ground by using flexible horizontal isolators (ASB).
• Consequences Increase and shift the natural period from the high frequency range
of the earthquakes (reduce the amount of energy transferred to the structure).
Reduce significantly the acceleration and thus the shear forces induced by the earthquakes in the structure (F = m x A).
21. Seismic base isolation concept
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Sandwich made of metal & elastomeric rubber
• Metal: metallic steel plates S235 prepared
• Elastomeric rubber: raw elastomeric matrix (compound) composed of : Elastomeric polychloropren (CR)
Additives
Plasticizers
Activators
Protection agent
Vulcanizer agent
Accelarators
• Vulcanization = temperature + pressure
CH2 C
Cl
CH CH2
polychloropren
CH2 C
Cl
CH CH2=
chloropren
==
2. Isolator (ASB) 2
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS MAIN FEATURES Major components
- Rubber layers: provide lateral flexibility- Steel plates: provide vertical stiffness to support building weight while limiting lateral buckling of rubber
Typical hysteresis loop
22. Isolator (ASB)
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS MAIN FEATURES Behavior
- Each elementary layer, subject to stresses and movements, deflects as shown in the three diagrams below:
- Elastomeric bearings are assimilated to spring and damper associated in parallel.
22. Isolator behavior
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Limitation of the horizontal acceleration Behavior on a single mode (around 90% of the mass) corresponding to the Eigen frequency of the isolation
0.01
0.1
1
0.1 1 10 100>9 Hz
0.7 g0.3 g
Sans appuis
>9 Hz
0.7 g0.3 g
Sans appuis
0.6 Hz
0.12 gAvec appuis
0.6 Hz
0.12 gAvec appuis
23. Main benefit
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without ASB
with ASB
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Uniform acceleration (rigid body) Limitation of the deformation
Force decreased on the civil structure and on pipes supports
Floor spectra equivalent on each level i.e. design simplified
Strong robustness regarding safety and protection of the investment
23. Main benefit
12
0.12g
0.12g
0.12g
0.12g
Le Groupe NuviaThe Jules Horowitz Reactor 1Présentation de SalvaremThe seismic base isolation choice 2ActivitésASB qualification 3Gamme de produitsASB manufacturing 4Exemples de projetsImplementation on site 5
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies 13
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
1. Why qualification is needed?• Approach focused on the following main objectives:
Validate the input data from engineering code by experimental approach to use actual values for the design
Improve the production of the elastomeric bearings up to a high quality level in compliance with the requirements of the “Order of August 10-1984” (French Republic “arrêté du 10 Août 1984”) and in general IAEA Safety Requirements GS-R-3
« Industrialize » the installation of the bearings on site by special working procedures implemented on full scale mock-up
Improve the robustness of the laminated rubber bearings:- improve real margin- validate assumptions (ageing effect)
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Test plan with parametric studies (> 1000 tests at Chalon, Bochüm, Pavie & Vitry testing labs) during 2006-2008 in collaboration with French Safety authorities and CEA (French Nuclear Agency)
• Mechanical properties variation studies (stiffness, damping) versus: Solicitation parameters: frequency, distortion, creeping
Size of the sample: full scale test and samples (even sample location)
Ageing: accelerated ageing (18 months equivalent to 70 years)
52. Isolator qualification
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Tests are realized either on reduced-scaled samples, or on full scaled samples (depending on the laboratory capability)
• A reduced factor (β’) is used for compression tests on reduced scaled samples.
• The following tests are done: Compression tests (static & dynamic)
Shear tests (static & dynamic)
Creep tests
Shear adhesion tests
)b'(a'2t'b'a'β'
3
16
2. Isolator qualification
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Samples water jet cutting
33. Tests on samples
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
INTERNAL SPECIAL TESTING BED FOR SAMPLES
(Dynamic shear test)
Actuator: +/- 150 kN +/- 50 mm +/-20 mm à 3 Hz
Vertical jack: 100 kN 55 mm
Samples to be tested
• Samples testing bed
33. Tests on samples
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Compression tests (static & dynamic) : Kvs, Kvd, ξ
F
Specimen
Displacementpick-up
Press plates
ωt.sin FFF a0 ΔdΔFK d 2
ddc Δd.K.π
w2.ξ
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 12
34. Tests on full-scale ASB
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5SETTLEMENT (mm)
CO
MPR
ESSI
ON
LO
AD
(KN
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Shear tests (static & dynamic) : Khs, Khd, ξ
3
20
ES10/111 - ABS ITER N°16108 & 16107
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 20 40 60 80 100 120HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT (mm)
HO
RIZ
ON
TAL
LOA
D (K
N
ASB n° 16109 : +/- 110 mm under 0.55 Hz
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Horizontal displacements [mm]
Horiz
onta
l loa
ds [k
N]
TdAp
²'
G d pw
2ds
4. Tests on full-scale ASB
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
5. Materials durability• Durability of elastomeric bearings is a concern because:
Nuclear facilities’ life duration is long (70 years)
Mechanical properties of rubber change over time
• Tests are performed in laboratory to predict these evolutions Principles are based on Arrhenius law
Treatment method in standard ISO 11346
Temperature speeds up physical and chemical changes (ageing phenomena)
90°C4,75 months
80°C9,5 months
70°C19 months
60°C38 months
50°C6,25 years
40°C12,5 years
30°C25 years
20°C50 years
T°CAging
Laboratory conditions
Van’t Hoff law:Ageing divided by 2 when T°C increases by 10°C
3
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
ΔG/G0
G = Shear Modulus
Time in hours
• Principle of the tests Ageing phenomenon affects chemical and mechanical properties of the rubber.
Key parameter of the experimentation : the shear modulus G i.e. the tracer
Knowing the evolution of G, we can deduce the evolution of the ASB behavior
Tests performed on both samples and full scale ASB
• Description of aging tests (Arrhenius model) Regular measurements of the shear modulus G
on pieces of rubber exposed to various T°C
For a variation of X% in the shear modulus value,
we note the corresponding time for each isotherm.
35. Materials durability
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Description of ageing tests (Arrhenius model) Combinations (t / T°C) are plotted on a graph log (t) = f(1/T).
If the accelerated ageing follows the Arrhenius model, all points should line up.
The slope of the Arrhenius line is proportional to the activation energy of the physico-chemical reaction E (J/mol).
35. Materials durability
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
Context
• Installation requirements Flatness tolerances : < 0,1% (i.e. < 1.1mm/m)
Void ratio criteria under steel plate : < 5% (i.e. < 6.05 dm²)
+ =Grouted bearing
(supporting 567 T)Concrete plinth
C40/50
13001300
Elastomeric bearing + plates S355 (1,5 T)
1100 1100
3• Installation on site
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6. Implementation on site qualification (mock-up)
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
36. Implementation on site qualification (mock-up)
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Le Groupe NuviaThe Jules Horowitz Reactor 1Présentation de SalvaremThe seismic base isolation choice 2ActivitésASB qualification 3Gamme de produitsASB manufacturing 4Exemples de projetsImplementation on site 5
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies 28
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
Elastomeric Vulcanizing agent
Plasticizer Adds
Mixing
Raw materials mixed
Confection
Vulcanizing
Plates preparation
Plates Bonding agent
Plates prepared
Finishing Works
Calendaring
Protection
41. Industrial process - Manufacturing
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• Important process points are identified and checked at each steps and are part of the QA process: Follow-up documents filled Tests performed (rheology on mixture, mechanical properties of mixture samples…) Measurements (thickness, mass, pressure and temperature of the press…) Monitoring (thermal gage inside each bearing)
2. Industrial process - QA & QC on factory 4
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
3. Industrial process - Production tests 4• Production test on bearings :
Tests performed in Eucentre (Pavia) and Freyssinet Testing labs Static tests (compression and shear tests) Additional dynamic tests (compression and shear tests)
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IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
4. Industrial process - QA/QC on bearing plates 4• Important process points are :
Follow-up documents filled Measurements (thickness, rectitude, coating…) Tests on the welds of the connectors (traction and bending) On-shop assembly
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Le Groupe NuviaThe Jules Horowitz Reactor 1Présentation de SalvaremThe seismic base isolation choice 2ActivitésASB qualification 3Gamme de produitsASB manufacturing 4Exemples de projetsImplementation on site 5
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies 33
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
1. Assembly in workshop 5
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• In workshop: Monolithic sandwich assembly (same height) Injection of a mortar (removable layer for replacement operations) Tests on mortar (rheology, compression) Follow-up documents filled
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
2. On-site commissioning 5
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• Operations performed on site Concrete sandblasting of the plinths for concrete stop Sandwich adjustment to pier Settlement of the connector with self-compacting concrete Final settlement using special method
• Controls Seat of the plate Properties of the mortar and concrete (rheology and resistance) Follow-up documents filled
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
5• Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) seismic base isolation under construction
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2. On-site commissioning
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)
Installation of bearings under progress
5
37
3. Other seismic base isolation
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
• International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)
Installation of bearings under progress
5
38
3. Other seismic base isolation
IAEA Workshop December 2011 – Construction Technologies
CONCLUSION
• APPLICATION OF ASB TO SEISMIC VULNERABLE STRUCTURES : Preserves structures from damages Maintains functionality of buildings (even during earthquake) Reduces the costs of the Project in terms of design and construction Protects the value of building contents (greater than structure itself)
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Présentation Nuvia Travaux SpéciauxIAEA Workshop 12-16 December 2011 – Construction Technologies
New Build & Decommissioning Department
Sébastien DIAZ
92 cours Vitton69006 Lyon
+33 (0)4 72 14 44 90
+33 (0)4 72 14 45 09
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