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Agenda
Review 158. the Holocaust
Notes Video
159. Hitler’s invasion of Russia Notes Video
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2 Sides
Allies
Great Britain FranceUSA
Axis Powers
Germany Italy Japan Russia
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Review
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Objectives
Explain why Hitler’s invasion of Russia was unsuccessful.
Understand Hitler’s Final Solution for the Jews.
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Extermination of the Jews158. The Nazi Holocaust
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Racism + Social Darwinism
At the end of the 19th century, racism combined with Social Darwinism and created ideas Hitler would use.
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Racial Superiority In Mein Kampf (1925),
Hitler described a racial hierarchy with: Aryans (the culture-
producing race) at the top Jews, Africans, and
Gypsies (the culture-destroying races) at the bottom.
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Goal: Remove Inferior Types Hitler's goal was to
remove the inferior types from Germany, making more living space for the superior Aryans.
The Jews were the special object of his hatred.
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Euthanasia The RHM advocated the removal of
those who would not improve the German race and had no use in society – those who Hitler called the "useless eaters."
This meant killing the mentally ill, the terminally ill, and the physically and mentally handicapped. They euphemistically called this "euthanasia."
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Eugenicis
It also meant eugenics – the science of improving the race through selective breeding. The Nazis required the sterilization of those who carried hereditary defects, such as types of blindness and deafness and certain diseases which were thought to have a genetic basis.
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Sterilization
To further purify the race, women of mixed blood were to be sterilized.
Those with ideal Aryan characteristics were bred like livestock.
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The War Against the Jews
When the Nazis began to wage war against the Jews, they used rhetoric and propaganda.
From an anti-Semitic children's book. The sign reads "Jews are not wanted here"
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Communists and Thieves Jews were frequently
associated with communists and thieves. The Wandering Jew later became a notorious hate film, and associated the Jews with rats and other vermin.
The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats." Germany, 1936.
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Extermination
For those with ears to hear, Hitler promised the extermination of the Jewish people in a speech to the Reichstag in 1939
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Speech
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Harassment
Harassment followed the limitations on the civil rights of Jewish citizens.
Jewish children humiliated in the classroom.
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Registration
At first Jews were required to register and to wear yellow stars as identification.
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Ghettos
Jewish people were herded into ghettos (walled off parts of the city in which the people could be more easily controlled). Joseph Goebbels called the ghettos "death boxes" Waiting for a drink of water in the
Warsaw Ghetto, where water and food were in short supply.
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This ration card from October 1941 entitled a resident to 300 calories a day.
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Children climbing the walls to smuggle food into the Warsaw Ghetto
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Concentration Camps
In the next phase of the "final solution" Nazis separated out the young, the old, and the ill and sent them to their deaths. The gas chamber was used in the extermination camps such as Auschwitz. Those who could work obtained only a temporary reprieve.
Inmates at Sachenhausen wearing identifying badges
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Barracks at Auschwitz
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Prisoners at Dachau
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Children victims of Nazi medical experiments
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Jewish prisoners are loaded onto the train from Westerbork, a transit camp, on their way to a concentration camp
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The Final Solution
In January 1942 high Nazi officials met to discuss the "final solution of the Jewish question,” the Nazis articulated their plans clearly and planned systematic method to carry them out.
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The final destination for those who could not work, the gas chamber. This is the gas chamber at Flossenburg.
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Jewish victims who have been asked to remove their outer garments prior to execution
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Einsatzgrubben executions in the Ukraine
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Liberation
In 1945 the camps were liberated. In the last days the Nazis were still unwilling to give up the plan to exterminate the Jews. They either executed Jews in the camps as they abandoned them, death-marched them into the interior of Germany, or cut off food and water, leaving them to die.
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Children at Auschwitz. The lucky ones were liberated in 1945.
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Mass grave site at Bergen-Belsen. The British found many dead when they liberated the camp.
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References
Adapted from Holocaust Nightmare: A HistoryWiz Exhibit
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Holocaust: Experiments
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Survivors
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READ IT
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Invasion of Russia
Hitler could not conquer England , he invaded Russia Big mistake!
Bring Soviet Union into the war against the Germany.
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Napoleon?
As the Russians retreated they used the same tactics tsar’s soldiers used against Napoleon.
Scorched-earth policy
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Turning point of WWII
1943 Battle of Stalingrad
Soviets push Germans back
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Horrible Histories
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From then on Germany started to lose the war
Loss of life for Russia: 23 million
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WWII Continued
Allies launch Normandy Invasion of France
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Saving Private Ryan
D Day
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Traps German forces from the west, Russians closing in on the east
Hitler commits suicide in April 1945
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Read and Highlight