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AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandtheNorthCarolinaConstitution
OverviewStudentswillexaminechangesinAfricanAmericanvotingrightsthroughoutNorthCarolina’shistory.Thislessonbeginsbyreviewingkeyvocabulary.StudentsthenindependentlyresearchthehistoryofAfricanAmericanvotingrightsinNorthCarolinausingaprimarysourcewebquestorjigsawactivity.Additionalactivitiesincludeadministeringasamplevotingliteracytestandhavingstudentscreatehistoricalsuffrageposters.Grade10NorthCarolinaEssentialStandardsforAmericanHistory:FoundingPrinciplesandCivics&Economics• FP.C&G.2.1-Analyzethestructuresofnational,stateandlocalgovernmentsintermsofwaystheyare
organizedtomaintainorder,security,welfareofthepublicandtheprotectionofcitizens(e.g.,federalism,thethreebranches,courtsystem,jurisdictions,judicialprocess,agencies,etc.)
• FP.C&G.2.2-SummarizethefunctionsofNorthCarolinastateandlocalgovernmentswithinthefederalsystemofgovernment(e.g.,localcharters,maintainamilitia,passordinancesandlaws,collecttaxes,superviseelections,maintainhighways,typesoflocalgovernments,etc.).
• FP.C&G.2.4-ComparetheConstitutionsandthestructuresoftheUnitedStatesandNorthCarolinagovernments(e.g.,thevariousNCConstitutions,BillofRights,DeclarationofRights,Preambles,theorganizationof,thepowersof,responsibilities,etc.
• FP.C&G.2.6-Evaluatetheauthorityfederal,stateandlocalgovernmentshaveoverindividuals’rightsandprivileges(e.g.,BillofRights,DelegatedPowers,ReservedPowers,ConcurrentPowers,Pardons,Writofhabeascorpus,JudicialProcess,states’rights,PatriotAct,etc.)
• FP.C&G.3.8-EvaluatetherightsofindividualsintermsofhowwellthoserightshavebeenupheldbydemocraticgovernmentintheUnitedStates.
• FP.C&G.4.5-Explainthechangingperceptionandinterpretationofcitizenshipandnaturalization(e.g.,aliens,Interpretationsofthe14thamendment,citizenship,patriotism,equalrightsunderthelaw,etc.
Materials• AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionPowerPointaccompaniment;availablein
theDatabaseofK-12Resources(inPDFformat)o ToviewthisPDFasaprojectablepresentation,savethefile,click“View”inthetopmenubarofthe
file,andselect“FullScreenMode”o TorequestaneditablePPTversionofthispresentation,[email protected]
• MaterialsneededifchoosingtoleadtheAfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionWebQuest:o AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionWebQuest,worksheetattachedo WebQuestanswerkey,attachedo Computerswithinternetaccess
• MaterialsneededifchoosingtoleadtheAfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionJigSaw:o Primarysourcedocuments,attached
§ Ideally,teacherswillphotocopyeachprimarysourceonadifferentcolorofpaper.Thiswillmakethetransitionintothesecondgroupduringthejigsawactivityeasier.
o AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionJigSawactivity,handoutattachedo JigSawanswerkey,attached
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• CopyofLiteracyTestandanswerkey(attached)• Posterpaperandartsupplies(optional)• PosterRubric(optional),attachedEssentialQuestions• HowhastheNorthCarolinaConstitutionbeenamendedinregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrights?• HowweremanyAfricanAmericansinNorthCarolinadisenfranchised?• Whatistherelationshipbetweenstateandfederalgovernments?DurationOneortwo60-90minuteperiods(timevariesbasedondepthofstudentdiscussionanddependingonwhichoptionalactivitiesarelead)StudentPreparationStudentsshouldhaveabasicunderstandingoftheNCStateConstitution(seethe“NorthCarolinaStateConstitution:ExploringtheRelevance,”availableintheDatabaseofCivicResources)aswellasabasicunderstandingofthetreatmentofAfricansAmericansthroughoutAmericanhistory.
TeacherPreparationTeacherschoosingtoleadthewebquestasanin-classactivityshouldconsiderhavingallofthewebsiteslinkedandstoredontheschool’scomputers–thiswillsavethetimeofeachstudenthavingtotypeineachwebaddress.ProcedureDayOne
IntroductiontoAfricanAmericanSuffrage1. Asawarm-up,projecttheimageonthesecondslideofthe“AfricanAmericanRightsandtheNC
ConstitutionPowerPoint”accompanimentandgooverthefollowinginstructionswithstudents:• Takeafewmomentstoexaminethisimage.Considerthefollowing:
o Whatdoyouimagineistakingplace?o Whoarethepeopleyouseeandwhataretheydoing?Howaretheyfeeling?o Duringwhatyearisthisactionoccurringandwhyisitoccurring?
• Afteryouhaveconsideredtheimage,assumethepersonaofoneofthepeopleyouseerepresentedintheimageandwriteafirst-handaccountofthismomentand/orday,toldfromyourcharacter’sperspective.Youcanbecreative,butensureyouarerealistic.
2. Oncestudentshavehadtimetocomposesomethoughts,askafewvolunteerstosharetheirwriting.
Furtherdiscusstheimage,focusingonthecorrectanswerstothequestionsbelow.Sharewithstudentsthattheimageisan1867sketchdepictingblacksvotingfreelyinthefirstopenelectionsintheSouth;theseelectionstookplaceaftertheCivilRightsActof1866hadmandatedthatAfricanAmericansbegiventherighttovote.
3. TellstudentsthattheyaregoingtobeexploringthehistoryofAfricanAmericanvotingrightsthroughthelensoftheUSandNCConstitutions.Explainthatyoufirstwantstudentstoreviewsomekeyvocabularytheywillencounter.ProjecttheinstructionsonslidesthreeandfourofthePowerPoint,whichexplainsthefollowing:• Writedownthefollowingwords.Besuretoleaveafewlinesofspaceundereachword.
o Suffrageo Disenfranchiseo GrandfatherClauseo PollTaxo LiteracyTest
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o Mulatto• TakefiveminutestowritedownWHATYOUTHINKthedefinitionofeachtermis.• Whenyouhavefinishedwritingdownwhatyouthinkthedefinitionsare,flipthepaperoveranddraw
alinedownthemiddletocreatetwocolumns.• Rewritethefivetermsinthelefthandcolumn.Leavespaceundereachterm.
Ø TeacherNote:Teachersshouldeditvocabularyastheyseefit,addingadditionalwordsstudentsmayneed
toknowbasedonyourlesson,orremovingwordsyourstudentsalreadyhaveastrongunderstandingof.
4. Oncestudentshavecompletedtheirvocabularypredictions,gooverthecorrectanswersusingslides5-11ofthepowerpoint:• Suffrage-Therighttovote• Disenfranchise-Todeprivesomeoneoftheirrighttovote• GrandfatherClause-aclausecreatinganexemptionbasedoncircumstancespreviouslyexisting;
especially:aprovisioninseveralsouthernstateconstitutionsdesignedtoenfranchisepoorwhitesanddisenfranchiseblacksbywaivinghighvotingrequirementsfordescendantsofmenvotingbefore1867
• PollTax-Aspecialtax,demandedbystates,asaconditionofvoting.• LiteracyTest-Areadingandwritingtestgiventopotentialvoterstodetermineiftheyareeligibleto
vote.AfricanAmericanswereoftendisenfranchisedbyliteracytestsbecausetheyweregivennearimpossibletaskstocomplete.
• Mulatto–apersonofmixedwhiteandblackancestry
5. Next,tellstudentstotakeaminutetocomparetheiroriginaldefinitionpredictionstotheactualdefinitions.Whenfinished,havestudentsturntothesideofthepaperwiththecolumnsandinstructthemtosketchapictureorcartoonintherightcolumnthatrelatestotheterminthelefthandcolumn.Explainthatthiswillhelpstudentsstudyandremembertheseimportanttermslater.
NorthCarolina’sConstitutionandAfricanAmericanVotingRightsWebQuestorJigSaw6. Writetheword“vote”ontheboardanddiscuss,notingstudentresponsesontheboard:
• Doyouhavetheabilitytovoteinanelection?Whyorwhynot?• WhataretherequirementsforvotinginNorthCarolina?• Whatgroupsofpeoplethroughouthistoryhavenotalwaysbeenallowedtovoteinthiscountry?
(Givestudentsaminutetothinkandwritetheirthoughtsonpaper.Whentheyarefinished,recordtheiranswersontheboard.AnswersshouldincludeAfricanAmericans,women,NativeAmericans,peoplewhodidnotownproperty,peopleunder21,peopleunder18,convictedfelons,etc.)
7. Tellthestudentsthatthey’regoingtobefocusingonthehistoryofAfricanAmericanvotingrightsinNorth
Carolina.ExplaintostudentsthatAfricanAmericanswerenotalwaysabletovoteinNorthCarolina.Highlightthefactthatalthoughitisillegaltodaytokeeppeoplefromvotingbaseduponrace,gender,etc.thiswasnotalwaysthecase.Manyearlystateconstitutionsincludedprovisionsthatmadeitperfectlylegaltodisenfranchisepeoplebaseduponrace,gender,etc.Leadstudentsthroughoneofthefollowingactivityoptions:
8. Option1:WebQuest• Eitherindividuallyorinpartners,tellstudentstheyaregoingtobecompletingawebquest.Passouta
copyoftheattachedwebquesttoeachstudentandreviewtheinstructions:o YourtaskistouseprimaryresourcestoresearchthechangesmadetotheNorthCarolina
ConstitutioninregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrights.YouwillalsoberesearchinghowthefederalgovernmentandNorthCarolina’sgovernmentrelatetooneanother.Toanswerthequestions,usethelinksprovided.Eachlinkcorrespondswiththesetofquestionsbelowit.YouareencouragedtoengageinoutsideresearchinordertogainagreaterunderstandingofthetimeperiodinwhicheachversionoftheStateConstitutionwaswritten.
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• ReviewexpectationsforappropriateuseoftheInternet,assignstudentsacomputerorlaptop,andtellstudentstokeepthevocabularytermsinmindwhiletheyarecompletingthisactivity.Asstudentswork,circulateandaddressanyquestionsthatarise.Encouragethestudentstouseanonlinedictionarytolookupanywordstheyareunfamiliarwith.Oncestudentshavecompletedthewebquest,reviewtheanswersasaclassusingtheattachedanswerkey.
• TeacherNote:Teacherswhousethewebquestwiththeirstudentsmaywanttoconsiderhavingalloftheinternetsitesstoredonthecomputersstudentswillbeusing.Thiswillalleviatethetimeitwouldtakeforstudentstocorrectlytypeineachaddress.
• OptionalVariations:o IfallstudentshaveaccesstotheInternetoutsideofschool,thewebquestcanalsobeassignedas
ahomeworkactivitytomaximizeinstructiontime.o Teacherscanalsodisseminatetheinformationfromthewebquestinlectureanddiscussion
formatwiththeclass.9. Option2:JigSaw
• Iftheclassdoesnothaveaccesstocomputerstocompletetheattachedwebquest,oriftimeislimited,copiesofallthenecessaryhandoutsareattached.Studentscanbeplacedintogroupsof4or5andgivenapacketofprimarysourcehandoutsandthewebquestquestions.Theycanthencompletetheactivityusingthejigsawmethod.
• Eitherassigneightgroupsorhavestudentsnumberofffromonetoeight(oneforeachprimarysource).Tellstudentswhereintheroomeachnumberedgroupshouldreporttooncetoldtodoso.Assigneachgrouponeoftheattachedprimarysourcestoreadandanalyze(allowapproximately10-15minutesforthis.)
• TeacherNote:Tomakethetransitiontothesecondgroupseasier,teachersmaywanttocopyeachprimarysourceonadifferedcolorofpaper.Thus,studentsinthefirstgroupswillallbeworkingonthesameprimarysource(thesamecolorofpaper.)Whenstudentstransitiontothesecondgroupsinthestepbelow,thereshouldbe8differentcolorsofpaperineachgroup(thus,8primarysourcesbeingtaughtabout.)
• Oncethegroupshavecompletedtheiranalysis,re-dividestudentsintogroupsof8,withoneprimarysourcerepresentedineachgroup.Eachofthe8studentswilltakeaturnteachingtheirnewgroupmembersabouttheirprimarysource.Instructstudentstogointhesameorderasthedocumentsarelistedonthehandout.Bytheendofthesecondgroupmeeting,allstudentsshouldhavetheirentirehandoutfilledoutbasedonwhattheirclassmatesteachthem.
• Teachersshouldcirculateasstudentsteachoneanotherabouttheirprimarysource.Ifdiscrepanciesareoverheardorstudentsseemtostrugglewithanyparticulardocument,doamoredetailedreviewofthoseareasasaclassoncegroupshavefinished,usingtheattachedanswerkey.
10. Afterreviewingthewebquestorjigsawanswers,culminatewithadiscussion:• Commonphrasesaroundelectiontimeinclude“myvotedoesn’tmatter”or“whocaresaboutvoting,
it’snotimportant.”IfvotingisnotanimportantpartofAmericanlife,whydidmanystatespasslawstoexcludewholegroupsofpeoplefromvoting?
• Conversely,whydidmanygroupsfightdifficultstrugglestogaintherighttovote?Howdoyouimaginethosepeoplewhofought(andevendied)fortherighttovotewouldfeelhearingsuchapatheticopinions?
• Whyisitimportanttovote,inlocal,state,andnationalelections?Canonepersonmakeadifference?• Whyisitimportanttobeawareofyourstate’sconstitution,knowingwhattypesofamendmentsare
beingpassed?• Ifweareunawareofwhatourlegislatorsaredoing,orwhatisbeingamendedinourstate
constitution,whatwouldkeepsuchunfairlawsfrombeingpassedtoday?
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DayTwoOptional:QuizTime!LiteracyTests
11. Asawarm-uponthenextdayclassmeets,tellthestudentstheyaregoingtotakeaquizaboutvotingandtheConstitution.Passouttheattachedquiz,whichisactuallyasampleliteracytestfromAlabama(donotinformstudentsofthisyet.)Studentswilllikelygrumble,buttellthemtheyhave10minutestoreadandcompletethe“quiz.”Toreallyraisethestakesandheightenresentment,teachersmaywanttotellstudentsthatyoufeeltheinformationonthequizissoimportantthatyouwillbecountingitas20%oftheirfinalgrade.
12. Aftertheallottedtime,havestudentsexchangeorgradetheirownpapersasyousharethecorrectanswers.Itislikelythatmanystudentswillhavedonepoorly.Askstudentsthefollowingdiscussionquestions:• Didyoupassthequiz?• Didyouthinkitwasadifficultquiz?Whyorwhynot?• Whywasthisquizfrustratingandstressful?
13. Finally,tellstudentsthatthequiztheyjusttookitnotactuallygoingtocountaspartoftheirgrade.
ExplainthatitisasampleliteracytestfromAlabamaandhavestudentsrestatetheirunderstandingofliteracytests,assharedintheopeningvocabularyactivityfromthepreviousdayofclass.Givestudentsadditionalinformationregardingliteracytests:• Atypicaltestconsistedofthree-parts.• In"PartA"theapplicantwasgivenaselectionoftheConstitutiontoreadaloud.Theregistrarcould
assignyoualongcomplexsectionfilledwithlegaleseandconvolutedsentences,orhecouldtellyoutoreadasimpleoneortwosentencesection.TheRegistrarmarkedeachwordhethoughtyoumispronounced.Insomecasesyouhadtoorallyinterpretthesectiontotheregistrar'ssatisfaction.YouthenhadtoeithercopyoutbyhandasectionoftheConstitution,orwriteitdownfromdictationastheregistrarspoke(mumbled)it.Whiteapplicantsusuallywereallowedtocopy,Blackapplicantsusuallyhadtotakedictation.TheRegistrarthenjudgedwhetheryouwereableto"readandwrite,"orifyouwere"illiterate."
• InParts"B"and"C,"youhadtoanswertwodifferentsetsoffourwrittenquestionseach.Part"B"was4questionsbasedontheexcerptyouhadwrittendown.Part"C"consistedof4"generalknowledge"questionsaboutstateandnationalgovernment.
• Yourapplicationwasthenreviewedbythethree-memberBoardofRegistrars—ofteninsecretatalaterdate.Theyvotedonwhetherornotyoupassed.ItwasentirelyuptothejudgmentoftheBoardwhetheryoupassedorfailed.Ifyouwerewhiteandmissedeverysinglequestiontheycouldstillpassyouif—intheirsolejudgment—youwere"qualified."IfyouwereBlackandgoteveryonecorrect,theycouldstillflunkyouiftheyconsideredyou"unqualified."(Source:http://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm)
• ExplaintostudentsthatliteracytestswereusedinourownstateofNorthCarolinatodenyAfricanAmericanstherighttovotewithoutviolatingthe15thAmendment.Thereasoningwasthatpeoplewerebeingdeniedtherighttovotebecausetheycouldnotpassatest,notbecauseofaperson’s“race,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude.”Somewhitemaleswereilliterateandcouldnotpassthetests;thisproblemwassolvedwitha‘grandfatherclause”whichallowedpeoplewhosegrandfather’svotedbefore1867tovoteiftheydidnotpassthetests.AfricanAmericanswereexemptfromgrandfatherclausesbecausetheirancestorscouldnotvoteinNorthCarolinabefore1867(theendoftheCivilWar).
Discuss(teachersmaywanttohavestudentsfirstreviewtheirwebquest/jigsawhandoutfromthepreviousclass):• Canyouimaginehowitwouldfeelifyouwereforcedtotakealiteracytestanddeniedtherightto
votebasedonthisunfairpractice?(Allowstudentstosharetheirfeelings,discussinghowinactuality,itisdifficultforustoreallyimagineorunderstandsuchinjustice.)
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• Whendidthetransitionhappenthatvotingbecamelessimportanttopeople?Meaning,youjustnotedhowangryorfrustratedyouwouldbeifdeniedtherighttovoteinthisway,yetbecausewehavetheright,wedon’tutilizeit.Whatdoesthissayaboutsociety?
• Whatdidittaketogetliteracytests,grandfatherclauses,andotherunjustlawsandpracticeseradicated?
• WhatyeardidNorthCarolinapassconstitutionalamendmentsthatincludedtheuseofliteracytestsandgrandfatherclauses?(1900)
• Whydoyouthinktheselawswerepassedin1900?(TellstudentstorememberthatAfricanAmericansweregrantedtheabilitytovoteunderthe1868NCConstitution.Southern“redeemer”governmentscametopowerafterReconstructionended.WithouttheFederalGovernmentlookingovertheirshoulder,theywantedtoreturntheSouthtoalifestylesimilartoonebeforetheCivilWar.)
• WhenwereliteracytestsandgrandfatherclausesmadeunconstitutionalintheUnitedStates?o GrandfatherClauses–1915–Guinnv.UnitedStateso LiteracyTests–1965–VotingRightsActof1965o TeacherscanpointoutthefactthatthecurrentNCConstitutionstillhasaliteracytestrequirementforvoting,butitisnullandvoidbecauseoftheSupremacyClause.
• OptionalActivity:Passoutparts“B”and“C”oftheliteracytest(attached).Allowthestudentsafewminutestoreadoverandcompleteparts“B”and“C.”Whenthestudentshavefinished,reviewtheanswersasaclass.Answerkeyisattached.
ProposedVotingAmendmentsOpinionPoll
16. Beforestartingthisactivity,designatefiveareasoftheroomforstudentstostand.Eachareashouldhaveoneofthefollowingdesignations:stronglyapprove,approve,neutral,disapprove,andstronglydisapprove.Nextexplaintostudentsthattheyareparticipantsinastatewidepollthatistryingtogaugethepublic’ssupportforproposedNCConstitutionalamendments.Theywilllistentotheproposedamendmentandthenmovetotheareaoftheroomthatexpressestheiropiniononthesubject.Aftereachamendment,withstudentsremainingintheirchosenarea,allowvolunteerstoexplainwhytheyfeelthewaytheydo.Oncediscussionhaswaned,continuetothenextamendmentandrepeattheprocess.Remindstudentstheexpectationsforrespectfulparticipationandsafemovementaroundtheclassroombeforebeginning.(Optionally,teachersmaychooseonestudenttorecordtheclass’responsesforeachamendmentontheboard.)• ProposedAmendments:
o A“politicalliteracytest”isbeingproposedasavotingrequirementinNC.Everyeligiblevoterwouldhavetotakeashortquizaboutthecandidates’positionsintheelectionbeforebeingallowedtovote.Howdoyoufeelaboutthisproposedamendment?
o Duetothesetougheconomictimes,apolltaxamendmentisbeingreviewedinordertoincreasemuchneededrevenueforthestate.Everyeligiblevoterwillberequiredtopayapolltaxthatisnolessthanonedollarbutnomorethanfivedollars.ThiswouldbringinanestimatedtwohundredmilliondollarsfortheState.Howdoyoufeelaboutthisamendment?
o Ithasbeendeterminedthatteenagersaretoouninvolved,immature,andunawareofthepoliticalprocess.Eventhoughpeopleinthepasthavefoughtanddiedfortherighttovote,youngpeoplearen’tturningouttovoteanyway.Thus,itisproposedthatthevotingageberaisedtoage21.Howdoyoufeelaboutthisproposedamendment?
o NorthCarolinawantstopassanamendmentthatvotinginourstateisrequired.Ifyoudonotshowupandvoteinlocal,state,andnationalelections,youwillbefinedandpossiblejailed.Shouldvotingbearequirement?Howdoyoufeelaboutthisproposedamendment?
OptionalCulminatingActivity:ProposedAmendmentorSuffragePosters
17. Postalloftheproposedamendmentsfromthepreviousactivityontheboard.Alloweachstudenttochooseoneofthethreeamendments.Eitherasanin-classorhomeworkactivity,theirtaskistochooseastanceontheamendmentandtocreateaposterthatsupportstheirstance.Optionally,studentscanbetoldtocreateanhistoricalsuffrageposter.StudentswouldchooseayearduringwhichAfricanAmericans
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wereunabletovoteandcreateaposteradvocatingfortheirrighttovote.Thepostershouldbedesignedasifitwereanartifactfromthatyearinhistory.Thepostersshouldbecreative,realisticandinformative.Gradethemusingtheattachedrubric.
18. Onceallofthestudentshavefinishedcreatingtheirposters,allowafewstudentstovolunteertoshare
theirposters.Whenstudentshavefinishedpresenting,hangthepostersaroundtheclassroomorthroughouttheschool.
AdditionalActivities• HavestudentsresearchpoliticalcartoonsthatdealwithAfricanAmericansvoting.Thenallowthemto
createtheirownpoliticalcartoonabouttheissue.Resources• Constitutionof1776:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html• ConstitutionalConventionof1835:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html• JournaloftheConstitutionalConventionoftheStateofNorth-Carolina,atItsSession1868:
http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html• SampleLiteracyTest:http://college.cengage.com/history/us/resources/students/primary/voting.htm• VeteransoftheCivilRightsMovement:SampleLiteracyTest:http://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm
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Name________________________________________ Date___________________
WEBQUEST:AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionDirections:YourtaskistoresearchthechangesmadetotheNorthCarolinaConstitutioninregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrightsusingprimarysources.Toanswerthequestions,usethelinksorhandoutsprovided.NCConstitutionof1776:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html1. Readpages8&9.Whatarticle(s)dealswithvotingrights?2. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteforSenators?3. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons?4. Listthepeopleyouthinkareexcludedfromvoting.NCConstitutionalConventionof1835:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html5. Readpage22.WhatresolutiondidMr.Shoberpropose?WhatresolutiondidMr.Moreheadpropose?
(Summarizeinyourownwords.)Shober’sResolution:Morehead’sResolution:
6. Skimpage23.Whatresolutionwasadopted?NCConstitutionalConventionof1868:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html#p2327. Gotopage233.Whataretherequirementsforsuffrage?
8. Howdotheydifferfromthe1776Constitutionandthe1835ConstitutionalAmendments?
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9. Whoiseligibleforpublicoffice?
10. Whoisdisqualified?15thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution11. Whenwasthe15thAmendmentratified?WhatisthisperiodofAmericanhistorycalled?12. Whatwasthepurposeofthe15thAmendmenttotheUSConstitution?Howdiditachievethispurpose?14. Howdidthe15thAmendmentimpacttheNCConstitution?NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900:http://core.ecu.edu/umc/Wilmington/scans/ticketThree/articleSix.pdf13. ReadSection4.Inyourownwords,whattwothingsmustapersondobeforebeingabletoregisterto
vote?14. Inyourownwordssummarizethefirstparagraphofsection5.Whatisthistypeofclausecalled?15. Explainhowsections4&5intendedtokeepAfricanAmericansfromvoting?GuinnvUnitedStates:https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/238/347/case.html16. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts“Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificate……”Whatwere
Oklahomaofficialsaccusedofdoing?
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17. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts,“’Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866…..”SummarizethemeaningoftheOklahomalawinoneortwosentences.(Hint:Ifyouarehavingtroubleunderstandingthelanguage,thinkofquestion15above.)
18. Readtheparagraphdirectlybelowthepreviousone.Itstarts“Wehavedifficulty…”Accordingtothe
SupremeCourt,howdoestheOklahomalawdisenfranchisesomepeoplewithoutmentioningraceorcolor?
19. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“Notimeneedbespent….”AccordingtotheSupremeCourt,areliteracytestsvalidandlegal?Why?
VotingRightsActof1965:http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=132720. WhatisthepurposeoftheVotingRightsAct?21. ReadSection4cand4d.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?22. Readsection10aand10b.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971:http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article6.html23. WhomayvoteinNorthCarolina?24. WhoisbarredfromvotinginNorthCarolina?25. HowdidGuinnvUnitedStatesandtheVotingRightsActof1965affectNorthCarolinalaw?Whatclause
oftheUSConstitutionmadethispossible?
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Name________________________________________ Date___________________JigSaw,Page1
JIGSAW:AfricanAmericanVotingRightsandNorthCarolina’sConstitutionDirections:YourtaskistouseprimaryresourcestoresearchthechangesmadetotheNorthCarolinaConstitutioninregardstoAfricanAmericanvotingrights.YouwillalsoberesearchinghowtheFederalGovernmentandNorthCarolina’sGovernmentrelatetooneanother.• Inyourgroup,readaloudthedocumentassignedtoyou.Asyouread,underlineimportantpointsor
thingsyoufindinteresting.Boxanywordsyouareunfamiliarwith.Writecommentsandquestionsthatyouhaveinthemarginofthedocument.
• Findthesetofquestionsbelowthatcorrespondswiththedocumentyourgroupwasgiven.Answerthequestionsasagroupusingthedocument.Someofthequestionswillrequireinformationfromtheothergroups;youcanholdoffonansweringthosequestionsuntillaterintheactivity.
• Itisimportantyourgroupworkcarefullyandensureyoufindthecorrectanswerstothequestions,sinceeachofyouwillbesplittingupintonewgroupsinthesecondpartofthisactivity.Inyournewgroup,youwillberesponsibleforteachingotherstudentsaboutthedocumentyouread,aswellasprovidingthemwiththeanswerstoyoursetofquestions.
• Likewise,themembersofyoursecondgroupwillteachyoutheanswerstoalltheotherquestionsonthishandout.Asstudentspresent,ensureyoulistencarefullyandfilloutyoursheet.
Constitutionof1776:1. Readpages8&9.Whatarticle(s)dealswithvotingrights?2. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteforSenators?3. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons?4. Listpeopleyouthinkareexcludedfromvoting.ConstitutionalConventionof1835:5. Readpage22.WhatresolutiondidMr.Shoberpropose?WhatresolutiondidMr.Moreheadpropose?
(Summarizeinyourownwords.)Shober’sResolution:Morehead’sResolution:
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JigSaw,Page26. Skimpage23.Whatresolutionwasadopted?ConstitutionalConventionof1868:7. Gotopage233.Whataretherequirementsforsuffrage?
8. Howdotheydifferfromthe1776Constitution?The1835ConstitutionalAmendments?9. Whoiseligibleforpublicoffice?
10. Whoisdisqualified?15thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution:11. Whenwasthe15thAmendmentratified?WhatisthisperiodofAmericanhistorycalled?12. Whatwasthepurposeofthe15thAmendment?
13. Howdidthe15thAmendmentimpacttheNCConstitutionNorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900:14. ReadSection4.Inyourownwords,whattwothingsmustapersondobeforebeingabletoregisterto
vote?15. Inyourownwordssummarizethefirstparagraphofsection5.Whatisthistypeofclausecalled?
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JigSaw,Page316. Explainhowsections4&5intendedtokeepAfricanAmericansfromvoting?
GuinnvUnitedStates:17. Readtheparagraphthatstarts“Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificate……”WhatwereOklahomaofficials
accusedofdoing?
18. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“’Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866…..”SummarizethemeaningoftheOklahomalawinoneortwosentences.(Hint:Ifyouarehavingtroubleunderstandingthelanguage,thinkofquestion15above)
19. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“Notimeneedbespent….”AccordingtotheSupremeCourt,areliteracytestsvalidandlegal?Why?
VotingRightsActof1965:20. WhatisthepurposeoftheVotingRightsAct?21. ReadSection4cand4d.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?22. Readsection10aand10b.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971:23. WhomayvoteinNorthCarolina?24. WhoisbarredfromvotinginNorthCarolina?25. HowdidGuinnvUnitedStatesandtheVotingRightsActof1965affectNorthCarolinalaw?Whatclause
oftheUSConstitutionmadethispossible?
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HistoryofNorthCarolina’sConstitutionWebQuest/JigsawAnswerKeyConstitutionof1776:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html
1. Readpages8&9.Whatarticle(s)dealswithvotingrights?• SectionVIIandVIII
2. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteforSenators?
• Freeman(doesn’tspecifyrace)• TwentyOneyearsold
• Liveincounty/stateforoneyearbeforeelection
• Ownland(atleast50acres)
3. WhatarethevotingrequirementstovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons?• Freeman(doesn’tspecifyrace)• TwentyOneyearsold
• Liveinanycounty/stateforoneyearbeforeelection
• Paypublictaxes
4. Listpeopleyouthinkareexcludedfromvoting.• Women• Slaves• Peopleunder21
• Peoplewhodon’townland• Non-citizens(NativeAmerican
Indians)ConstitutionalConventionof1835:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html
5. Readpage22.WhatresolutiondidMr.Shoberpropose?WhatresolutiondidMr.Moreheadpropose?(Summarizeinyourownwords.)Shober’sResolution:• "thatfreenegroesandmulattoeswithinfourdegreesinclusive,bedeprivedoftheprivilegeof
votingformembersoftheSenateandHouseofCommonsinthisState."Morehead’sResolution:• "allfreenegroesandmulattoes,withinthefourthdegree,shallbeexcludedfromvotingfor
membersoftheSenate.Thatallfreenegroesandmulattoesoftheageoftwenty-oneyears,whohavebeeninhabitantsofanyonecountywithintheStatetwelvemonthsimmediatelyprecedingthedayofelection,andpossessedofafreeholdwithinthesamecountyofthevalueofdollars,forsixmonthsnextbeforeandatthedayofelection,andshallnothavebeenconvictedofanyinfamouscrimeoroffence,shallbeentitledtovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons.”
6. Skimpage23.Whatresolutionwasadopted?
• Shober’sresolutionwasadopteddenyingallAfrican-Americansandmenofmixedracetheabilitytovote.
ConstitutionalConventionof1868:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html#p232
7. Gotopage233.Whataretherequirementsforsuffrage?• Male• UScitizen(bornornaturalized)• 21yearsorolder
• Liveinstatefor12months• Liveincountyforthreemonths
8. Howdothe1835and1868suffragerequirementsdiffer?
• Thereisnomentionofraceinthe1868Constitution
9. Whoiseligibleforpublicoffice?
15
• Everyvoter
10. Whoisdisqualified?• PeoplewhodenytheexistenceofGod• Convictedoftreason,felony,perjury,corruption
15thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
11. Whenwasthe15thAmendmentratified?WhatisthisperiodofAmericanhistorycalled?• February3rd,1870 • Reconstruction
12. Whatwasthepurposeofthe15thAmendment?Howdiditachievethispurpose?
• ToprotectthevotingrightsofAmericans,specificallyformerslaves.• Sayingthat“TherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteshallnotbedeniedorabridgedby
theUnitedStatesorbyanyStateonaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude.”
13. Howdidthe15thAmendmentimpacttheNCConstitution?• Itmadeanyracebasedrestrictionsonvotingnullandvoid.
NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900:http://core.ecu.edu/umc/Wilmington/scans/ticketThree/articleSix.pdf
14. ReadSection4.Whattwothingsmustapersondobeforebeingabletoregistertovote?• ReadandwriteasectionoftheConstitutioninEnglish• Paytheirpolltax
15. Inyourownwordssummarizethefirstparagraphofsection5.Whatisthistypeofclausecalled?
• Ifyoucannotreadandwriteorpayyourpolltax,youmaystillvoteifyouhadarelativethatwaseligibletovotebeforeJanuary1,1867.
• Grandfatherclause
16. Explainhowsections4&5intendedtokeepAfricanAmericansfromvoting?• Section4:LiterateAfricanAmericanscouldbegivendifficultpassagesoftheConstitutionandif
theymadeanymistakestheywouldbedeniedthevote.ManypoorAfricanAmericanscouldnotaffordapolltaxinordertovote.
• Section5:Accordingtothelawfrom1835–1868,noAfricanAmericanscouldvoteinNorthCarolina.Asaresult,theycouldnotbe“grandfatheredin”forfailingaliteracytestand/ornotpayingapolltax.
GuinnvUnitedStates:http://afroamhistory.about.com/library/blguinn_v_us.htm
17. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts“Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificate……”WhatwereOklahomaofficialsaccusedofdoing?• DeprivingAfricanAmericansoftheirrighttovotebecauseoftheirrace
18. Scrolldownandreadtheparagraphthatstarts,“’Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866…..”
SummarizethemeaningoftheOklahomalawinonesentence.(Hint:Ifyouarehavingtroubleunderstandingthelanguage,thinkofquestion15above)• ItisagrandfatherclausethatdeniesAfricanAmericanstherighttovote.
19. Readtheparagraphthatstarts,“Notimeneedbespent….”
AccordingtotheSupremeCourt,areliteracytestsvalidandlegal?Why?
16
• Literacytestsarevalidandlegalbecausetheydonotdiscriminateagainstaparticulargroupofpeople.Theirviewisthatifyouwanttovote,learnhowtoreadandwrite.
VotingRightsActof1965:http://www.fairvote.org/?page=1327
20. WhatisthepurposeoftheVotingRightsAct?• Toenforcethe15thAmendment• ProtectvotingrightsofAfrican
Americans
• ProtectvotingrightsofallAmericans
21. ReadSection4cand4d.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?
• Literacytests
22. Readsection10aand10b.Whatimpedimentstovotingdoesthissectioneliminate?PollTaxesNorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971:http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article6.html
23. WhomayvoteinNorthCarolinatoday?• AnypersonbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStates,whoisatleast18yearsold.
24. WhoisbarredfromvotinginNorthCarolina?
• Felons• Non-residentsofNorthCarolina
25. HowdidGuinnvUnitedStatesandtheVotingRightsActof1965affectNorthCarolinalaw?What
clausemakesthispossible?• TheGuinnrulingandtheVotingRightsActwerebothmadeattheFederalLevelandunderthe
SupremacyClauseoftheConstitution,Federallawtrumpsstatelaw.
Name:_____________________________________ Date__________________
(Side1)
VotingandtheConstitutionQuiz
Directions:Readparts1,2,and3quietlytoyourself.Whenyouhavefinishedreading,turnyourpaperovertoside2andanswerthequestionsontheback.Onceyouhaveturnedyourpaperovertoside2,youMAYNOTturnitbacktoside1.Part1.Incaseoftheremovalofthepresidentfromoffice,orofhisdeath,resignationorinabilitytodischargethepowersanddutiesofthesaidoffice,thesameshalldevolveontheVice-President,andtheCongressmaybylawprovideforthecaseofremoval,death.Resignationorinability,bothofthePresidentandVice-President,declaringwhatofficershallthenactasPresident,andsuchofficershallactaccordingly,untilthedisabilityberemoved,oraPresidentshallbeelected.Part2.Inallcasesaffectingambassadors,otherpublicministersandconsuls,andthoseinwhichastateshallbeaparty,theSupremeCourtshallhaveoriginaljurisdictionPart3.Inalltheothercasesbeforementioned,thesupremecourtshallhaveappellatejurisdictionbothastolawandfact,withsuchexceptions,andundersuchregulationsastheCongressshallmake.Part4.Neitherslaverynorinvoluntaryservitude,exceptasapunishmentforcrimewhereofthepartyshallhavebeendulyconvicted,shallexistwithintheUnitedStates,oranyplacesubjecttotheirjurisdiction
(Side2–YoumayNOTturnyourpaperbackovertoSide1)
(Afterapplicanthasread,notaloud,theforegoingexcerptsfromtheConstitution,hewillanswerthefollowingquestionsinwritingandwithoutassistance)
1. Incasethepresidentisunabletoperformthedutiesofhisoffice,whoassumesthem?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. “Involuntaryservitude”ispermittedintheUnitedStatesuponconvictionofacrime.
(TrueorFalse)___________
3. Ifastateisapartytoacase,theConstitutionprovidesthatoriginaljurisdictionshallbein:
____________________________________________________________________________
4. CongresspasseslawsregulatingcaseswhichareincludedinthoseoverwhichtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthas________________________________________________jurisdiction.
IherebycertifythatIhavereceivednoassistanceinthecompletionofthiscitizenshipandliteracytest,thatIwasallowedthetimeIdesiredtocompleteit,andthatIwaiveanyrightexistingtodemandacopyofsame.(Ifforanyreasontheapplicantdoesnotwishtosignthis,hemustdiscussthematterwiththeboardofregistrars.)Signed:___________________________________________
VotingandtheConstitutionQuizAnswerKey
1. Incasethepresidentisunabletoperformthedutiesofhisoffice,whoassumesthem?TheVicePresident
2. “Involuntaryservitude”ispermittedintheUnitedStatesuponconvictionofacrime.(TrueorFalse)True
3. Ifastateisapartytoacase,theConstitutionprovidesthatoriginaljurisdictionshallbeintheSupremeCourt
4. CongresspasseslawsregulatingcaseswhichareincludedinthoseoverwhichtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasappellatejurisdiction.
SampleAlabamaLiteracyTest-“B”
1. WhatbodycantryimpeachmentsofthepresidentoftheUnitedStates?
_______________________________________________________
2.Checktheapplicabledefinitionforresponsibility:_____aduty_____aspeech_____failure
3.NametheattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStates.
_______________________________________________________
4.WomenmaynowserveonjuriesinAlabamastatecourts.
_______________________________________________________
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SampleAlabamaLiteracyTest-“B”
1. Ifapersonchargedwithtreasondenieshisguilt,howmanypersonsmusttestifyagainsthimbeforehecanbeconvicted?
_______________________________________________________
2.AtwhattimeofdayonJanuary20eachfouryearsdoesthetermofthepresidentoftheUnitedStatesend?
_______________________________________________________
3.Ifthepresidentdoesnotwishtosignabill,howmanydaysisheallowedinwhichtoreturnittoCongressforreconsideration?
_______________________________________________________
4.IfabillispassedbyCongressandthepresidentrefusestosignitanddoesnotsenditbacktoCongressinsessionwithinthespecifiedperiodoftime,isthebilldefeatedordoesitbecomelaw?
_______________________________________________________
SampleAlabamaLiteracyTestAnswerKey
“B”1.WhatbodycantryimpeachmentsofthepresidentoftheUnitedStates?Senate
2.Checktheapplicabledefinitionforresponsibility:aduty3.NametheattorneygeneraloftheUnitedStates.
Asofthiswriting–EricHolder
Atthetimethetestwaswritten–NicholasKatzenbach4.WomenmaynowserveonjuriesinAlabamastatecourts.True
--------------------------------------------------------------------------“C”
1. Ifapersonchargedwithtreasondenieshisguilt,howmanypersonsmusttestifyagainsthimbeforehecanbeconvicted?Two
2.AtwhattimeofdayonJanuary20eachfouryearsdoesthetermofthepresidentoftheUnitedStatesend?
12noon
3.Ifthepresidentdoesnotwishtosignabill,howmanydaysisheallowedinwhichtoreturnittoCongressforreconsideration?Ten
4.IfabillispassedbyCongressandthepresidentrefusestosignitanddoesnotsenditbacktoCongressinsessionwithinthespecifiedperiodoftime,isthebilldefeatedordoesitbecomelaw?ItbecomeslawunlessCongressadjournsbeforetheexpirationof10days.
Guinnv.UnitedStatesDirections:UsetheexcerptsfromGuinnvUStoanswerthequestionsonyourAfricanAmericanvotingrightsworksheet.Excerpt1:Thiscaseisbeforeusonacertificatedrawnbythecourtbelowasthebasisoftwoquestionswhicharesubmittedforoursolutioninordertoenablethecourtcorrectlytodecideissuesinacasewhichithasunderconsideration.ThoseissuesarosefromanindictmentandconvictionofcertainelectionofficersofthestateofOklahoma(theplaintiffsinerror)ofthecrimeofhavingconspiredunlawfully,willfully,andfraudulentlytodeprivecertainnegrocitizens,onaccountoftheirraceandcolor,ofarighttovoteatageneralelectionheldinthatstatein1910,theybeingentitledtovoteunderthestatelaw,andwhichrightwassecuredtothembythe15thAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.[……]Excerpt2:ThestandardofJanuary1,1866,fixedinthesuffrageamendmentanditssignificance.Theinquiry,ofcourse,hereis,Doestheamendmentastotheparticularstandardwhichthisheadingembracesinvolvethemererefusaltocomplywiththecommandsofthe15thAmendmentaspreviouslystated?Thisleadsus,forthepurposeoftheanalysis,torecurtothetextofthesuffrageamendment.Itsopeningsentencefixestheliteracystandardwhichisallinclusive,sinceitisgeneralinitsexpressionandcontainsnowordofdiscriminationonaccountofraceorcolororanyotherreason.This,however,isimmediatelyfollowedbytheprovisionscreatingthestandardbasedupontheconditionexistingonJanuary1,1866,andcarvingoutthosecomingunderthatstandardfromtheinclusionintheliteracytestwhichwouldhavecontrolledthembutfortheexclusionthusexpresslyprovidedfor.Theprovisionisthis:
‘Butnopersonwhowas,onJanuary1st,1866,oratanytimepriorthereto,entitledtovoteunderanyformofgovernment,orwhoatthattimeresidedinsomeforeignnation,andnolinealdescendantofsuchperson,shallbedeniedthatrighttoregisterandvotebecauseofhisinabilitytosoreadandwritesectionsofsuchConstitution.’
Wehavedifficultyinfindingwordstomoreclearlydemonstratetheconvictionweentertainthatthisstandardhasthecharacteristicswhichthegovernmentattributestoitthandoesthemerestatementofthetext.Itistrueitcontainsnoexpresswordsofanexclusionfromthestandardwhichitestablishesofanypersononaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude,prohibitedbythethe15thAmendment,butthestandarditselfinherentlybringsthatresultintoexistencesinceitisbased[238U.S.347,365]purelyuponaperiodoftimebeforetheenactmentofthe15thAmendment,andmakesthatperiodthecontrollinganddominanttestoftherightofsuffrage.Inotherwords,weseekinvainforanygroundwhichwouldsustainanyotherinterpretationbutthattheprovision,recurringtotheconditionsexistingbeforethe15thAmendmentwasadoptedandthecontinuanceofwhichthe15thAmendmentprohibited,proposedbyinsubstanceandeffectliftingthoseconditionsovertoaperiodoftimeaftertheAmendment,tomakethemthebasisoftherighttosuffrageconferredindirectandpositivedisregardofthe15thAmendment.Andthesameresult,weareofopinion,isdemonstratedbyconsideringwhetheritispossibletodiscoveranybasisofreasonforthestandardthusfixedotherthanthepurposeabovestated.Wesaythisbecauseweareunabletodiscoverhow,unlesstheprohibitionsofthe15thAmendmentwereconsidered,the
slightestreasonwasaffordedforbasingtheclassificationuponaperiodoftimepriortothe15thAmendment.Certainlyitcannotbesaidthattherewasanypeculiarnecromancyinthetimenamedwhichengenderedattributesaffectingthequalificationtovotewhichwouldnotexistatanotheranddifferentperiodunlessthe15thAmendmentwasinview.[…]Excerpt3:Notimeneedbespentonthequestionofthevalidityoftheliteracytest,consideredalone,since,aswehaveseen,itestablishmentwasbuttheexercisebythestateofalawfulpowervestedinit,notsubjecttooursupervision,and,indeed,itsvalidityisadmitted.WhetherthistestissoconnectedwiththeotheronerelatingtothesituationonJanuary1,1866,thattheinvalidityofthelatterrequirestherejectionoftheformer,isreallyaquestionofstatelaw;but,intheabsenceofanydecisiononthesubjectbythesupremecourtofthestate,wemustdetermineitforourselves.Weareofopinionthatneitherformsofclassificationnormethodsofenumerationshouldbemadethebasisofstrikingdownaprovisionwhichwasindependentlylegal,andthereforewaslawfullyenacted,becauseoftheremovalofanillegalprovisionwithwhichthelegalprovisionorprovisionsmayhavebeenassociated.Westatewhatweholdtobetherulethusstronglybecauseweareofopinionthatonasubjectliketheoneunderconsideration,involvingtheestablishmentofarightwhoseexerciseliesattheverybasisofgovernment,amuchmoreexactingstandardisrequiredthanwouldordinarilyobtainwheretheinfluenceofthedeclaredunconstitutionalityofoneprovisionofastatuteuponanotherandconstitutionalprovisionisrequiredtobefixed.[…]
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1776
We,therepresentativesoftheFreemenofNorthCarolina,chosenandassembledinCongress,fortheexpresspurposeofframingaConstitution,undertheAuthorityofthepeople,mostconducivetotheirHappinessandprosperity,dodeclare,thataGovernmentforthisStateshallbeestablishedinMannerandFormfollowing,towit,
ArticleVI. ThatthelegislativeAuthorityshallbevestedintwodistinctBranches,bothdependentonthePeople,towit,aSenate,andHouseofCommons.
II.ThattheSenateshallbecomposedofRepresentativesannuallychosenbyBallot,oneforeachCountyintheState.
III.ThattheHouseofCommonsshallbecomposedofRepresentativesannuallychosenbyBallot,twoforeachCounty,andoneforeachoftheTownsofEdenton,Newbern,Wilmington,Salisbury,Hillsborough,andHalifax.
IV.ThattheSenateandhouseofCommons,assembledforthePurposeofLegislation,shallbedenominatedtheGeneralAssembly.
V.ThateachmemberoftheSenateshallhaveusuallyresidedintheCountyinwhichheischosenforoneYearimmediatelyprecedinghisElection,andforthesameTimeshallhavepossessed,andcontinuetopossess,intheCountywhichherepresents,notlessthanthreeHundredAcresofLandinFee.
VI.ThateachMemberoftheHouseofCommonsshallhaveusuallyresidedintheCountyinwhichheischosenforoneYearimmediatelyprecedinghisElection,andforsixMonthsshallhavepossessed,andcontinuetopossess,intheCountywhichherepresents,notlessthanOneHundredAcresofLandinFee,orfortheTermofhisownLife.
VII.ThatallFreemenoftheAgeofTwentyOne
Years,whohavebeenInhabitantsofanyoneCountywithintheStatetwelveMonthsimmediatelyprecedingtheDayofanyElection,andpossessedofaFreeholdwithinthesameCountyofFiftyAcresofLandforsixMonthsnextbefore,andattheDayofElection,shallbeentitledtovoteforaMemberoftheSenate.
VIII.ThatallFreemenoftheAgeofTwentyOneYears,whohavebeenInhabitantsofanyCountywithintheStatetwelveMonthsimmediatelyprecedingtheDayofanyElection,andshallhavepaidPublicTaxes,shallbeentitledtovoteforMembersoftheHouseofCommonsfortheCountyinwhichheresides.
IX.ThatallPersonspossessedofaFreeholdinanyTowninthisState,havingaRightofRepresentationandalsoallFreemenwhohavebeenInhabitantsofanysuchTowntwelveMonthsnextbefore,andatthedayofElection,andshallhavepaidPublicTaxes,shallbeentitledtovoteforaMembertorepresentsuchtownintheHouseofCommons.Providedalways,ThatthisSectionshallnotentitleanyInhabitantofsuchtowntovoteforMembersoftheHouseofCommonsfortheCountyinwhichhemayreside,noranyFreeholderinsuchCountywhoresideswithout,orbeyondtheLimitsofsuchTown,tovoteforaMemberforsaidTown.
Source:http://docsouth.unc.edu/unc/uncbk1017/uncbk1017.html
FifteenthAmendment
Section1.TherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteshallnotbedeniedorabridgedbytheUnitedStatesorbyanyStateonaccountofrace,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude.
Section2.TheCongressshallhavepowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.
HistoryTheFifteenthAmendment(AmendmentXV)totheUnitedStatesConstitutionprohibitseachgovernmentintheUnitedStatesfromdenyingacitizentherighttovotebasedonthatcitizen’s“race,color,orpreviousconditionofservitude”(i.e.,slavery).ItwasratifiedonFebruary3,1870.TheFifteenthAmendmentisthethirdoftheReconstructionAmendments.Thisamendmentprohibitsthestatesandthefederalgovernmentfromusingacitizen’srace,[1]colororpreviousstatusasaslaveasavotingqualification.Itsbasicpurposewastoenfranchiseformerslaves.WhilesomestateshadpermittedthevotetoformerslavesevenbeforetheratificationoftheConstitution,thisrightwasrare,notalwaysenforcedandoftenunderattack.TheNorthCarolinaSupremeCourtupheldthisrightoffreemenofcolortovote;inresponse,amendmentstotheNorthCarolinaConstitutionremovedtherightin1835.[2]Grantingfreemenofcolortherightoftovotecouldbeseenasgivingthemtherightsofcitizens,anargumentexplicitlymadebyJusticeCurtis’sdissentinDredScottv.Sandford:
Ofthistherecanbenodoubt.AtthetimeoftheratificationoftheArticlesofConfederation,allfreenative-borninhabitantsoftheStatesofNewHampshire,Massachusetts,NewYork,NewJerseyandNorthCarolina,thoughdescendedfromAfricanslaves,werenotonlycitizensofthoseStates,butsuchofthemashadtheothernecessaryqualificationspossessedthefranchiseofelectors,onequaltermswithothercitizens.[3]
TheoriginalHouseandSenatedraftoftheAmendmentsaidtherighttovoteandtobeacandidatewouldnotbedeniedorabridgedbytheStatesbasedonrace,colororcreed.[4]ThiswaseventuallyomittedduetothedesireamongmanyNorthernRepublicanstoleavetheirownlawslimitingblackparticipationingovernmentintact.TheAmendmentdidnotestablishtrueuniversalmalesuffragepartlybecauseSouthernRepublicanswereafraidtoundermineloyaltytests,whichtheReconstructionstategovernmentsusedtolimittheinfluenceofex-Confederates.[5]ThefirstAfricanAmericantovoteaftertheadoptionofthisamendmentwasThomasMundyPeterson,whocasthisballotinaschoolboardelectionbeingheldinPerthAmboy,NewJerseyonMarch31,1870.[6]Onapercapitaandabsolutebasis,moreblackswereelectedtopoliticalofficeduringtheperiodfrom1865to1880thanatanyothertimeinAmericanhistory.AlthoughnostateelectedablackgovernorduringReconstruction,anumberofstatelegislatureswereeffectivelyunderthecontrolofasubstantialAfricanAmericancaucus.Theselegislaturesbroughtinprogramsthatareconsideredpartofgovernment’sdutynow,butatthetimewereradical,suchasuniversalpubliceducation.Theyalsosetasideallraciallybiasedlaws,includinganti-miscegenationlaws(lawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage).DespitetheeffortsofgroupsliketheKuKluxKlantointimidateblackvotersandwhiteRepublicans,assuranceoffederalsupportfordemocraticallyelectedsoutherngovernmentsmeantthatmostRepublicanvoterscouldbothvoteandruleinconfidence.Forexample,whenanall-whitemob
attemptedtotakeovertheinterracialgovernmentofNewOrleans,PresidentUlyssesS.Grantsentinfederaltroopstorestoretheelectedmayor.However,afterthecloseelectionofRutherfordB.Hayes,inordertomollifytheSouth,heagreedtowithdrawfederaltroops.HealsooverlookedpollviolenceintheDeepSouth,despiteseveralattemptsbytheRepublicanstopasslawsprotectingtherightsofblackvotersandtopunishintimidation.AnexampleoftheunwillingnessoftheCongresstotakeanyactionatthistime,isabillwhichwouldonlyhaverequiredincidentsofviolenceatpollingplacestobepublicizedfailedtobepassed.Withouttherestrictions,votingplaceviolenceagainstblacksandRepublicansincreased,includinginstancesofmurder.Mostofthiswasdonewithoutanyinterferencebylawenforcementandoftenevenwiththeircooperation.Bythe1890s,manySouthernstateshadrigorousvoterqualificationlaws,includingliteracytestsandpolltaxes.Somestatesevenmadeitdifficulttofindaplacetoregistertovote.Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
ConstitutionalConventionof1835
SATURDAY,JUNE13,1835.
TheConventionmet,pursuanttoadjournment.PrayerbytheRev.Mr.Jamieson.
OnmotionofMr.Shober,theConventionproceededtoconsidertheamendmentreportedfromtheCommitteeoftheWhole,towhomwasreferredthe4thResolution,proposingthataCommitteebeappointedtoenquirewhetherany,andifany,whatamendmentsarepropertobemadetotheConstitutionastotheabrogationorrestrictionoftherightoffreenegroesormulattoestovoteformembersoftheSenateorHouseofCommons:whichamendmentistostrikeoutallofthesaidResolutionaftertheword“Resolved,”andinsertinlieuthereof,“thatfreenegroesandmulattoeswithinfourdegreesinclusive,bedeprivedoftheprivilegeofvotingformembersoftheSenateandHouseofCommonsinthisState.”
Mr.Moreheadmovedtoamendtheamendmentbystrikingoutallaftertheword“that,”andinserting“allfreenegroesandmulattoes,withinthefourthdegree,shallbeexcludedfromvotingformembersoftheSenate.Thatallfreenegroesandmulattoesoftheageoftwenty-oneyears,whohavebeeninhabitantsofanyonecountywithintheStatetwelvemonthsimmediatelyprecedingthedayofelection,andpossessedofafreeholdwithinthesamecountyofthevalueofdollars,forsixmonthsnextbeforeandatthedayofelection,andshallnothavebeenconvictedofanyinfamouscrimeoroffence,shallbeentitledtovoteformembersoftheHouseofCommons.”[…]
SotheConventioncametothefollowingResolution:
Resolved,Thatfreenegroesandmulattoes,withinfourdegreesinclusive,bedeprivedoftheprivilegeofvotingformembersoftheSenateandHouseofCommonsinthisState.
OnmotionofMr.Spaight,ofCraven,thesaidResolutionwasreferredtoaselectCommittee,withinstructionstodraftanamendmentaccordingly.
Source:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1835/conv1835.html
ConstitutionalConventionof1868
ARTICLE--.SUFFRAGE.
SECTION1.EverymalepersonbornintheUnitedStates,andeverymalepersonwhohasbeennaturalized,twenty-oneyearsoldorupward,whoshallhaveresidedinthisStatetwelvemonthsnextpreceedingtheelection,andthreemonthsintheCounty,inwhichheofferstovote,shallbedeemedanelector.
SEC.2.Allelectionsbythepeopleshallbebyballot,andallelectionsbytheGeneralAssemblyshallbevivavoce.
ARTICLE--.ELIGIBILITYTOOFFICE.
SECTION1.Everyvoter,exceptashereinafterprovided,shallbeeligibletooffice;but,beforeenteringuponthedischargeofthedutiesofhisoffice,heshalltakeandsubscribethefollowingoath:“I,--,dosolemnlyswear(oraffirm,)thatIwillsupportandmaintaintheConstitutionandlawsoftheUnitedStates,andtheConstitutionandlawsofNorth-Carolina,notinconsistenttherewith,andthatIwillfaithfullydischargethedutiesofmyoffice,SohelpmeGod.”
SEC.2.Thefollowingclassesofpersonsshallbedisqualifiedforoffice:1st,AllpersonswhoshalldenythebeingofAlmightyGod;2d,Allpersonswhoshallhavebeenconvictedoftreason,orshallhavebeenadjudgedguiltyoffelony,perjury,ofanyinfamouscrime,(unlesssuchpersonshallhavebeenfullypardoned,)orofcorruptionormal-practiceinoffice.Source:http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/conv1868/conv1868.html#p232
NorthCarolinaConstitutionalAmendmentsof1900
ProposedarticlefortheNorthCarolinaStateConstitution.TheelectionforthisconstitutionalamendmenttookplaceonAugust2,1900.
ArticleVI.SuffrageandEligibilitytoOffice–QualificationsofanElector.[Section1]EverymalepersonbornintheUnitedStates,andeverymalepersonwhohasbeennaturalized,21yearsofageandpossessingthequalificationssetoutinthisArticleshallbeentitledtovoteatanyelectionbythepeopleintheState,exceptashereinotherwiseprovided.[Sec.2]HeshallhaveresidedintheStateofNorthCarolinafortwoyears,inthecountysixmonthsandintheprecinct,wardorotherelectiondistrict,inwhichheofferstovotefourmonthsnextprecedingtheelection:Provided,Thatremovalfromoneprecinct,wardorotherelectiondistricttoanotherinthesamecounty,shallnotoperatetodepriveanypersonoftherighttovoteinaprecinct,wardorotherelectiondistrictfromwhichhehasremoveduntilfourmonthsaftersuchremoval.Nopersonwhohasbeenconvicted,orwhohasconfessedhisguiltinopencourtuponindictment,ofanycrime,thepunishmentofwhichnowis,ormaythereafterbe,imprisonmentintheStateprison,shallbepermittedtovoteunlessthesaidpersonshallbefirstrestoredtocitizenshipinthelikemannerprescribedbylaw.[Sec.3]Everypersonofferingtovoteshallbeatthetimealegallyregisteredvoterashereinprescribedandinthemannerhereinafterprovidedbylaw,andtheGeneralAssemblyofNorthCarolinashallenactgeneralregistrationlawstocarryintoeffecttheprovisionsofthisArticle.[Sec.4]EverypersonpresentinghimselfforregistrationshallbeabletoreadandwriteanysectionoftheConstitutionintheEnglishlanguage;and,beforeheshallbeentitledtovote,heshallhavepaid,onorbeforethefirstdayofMarchoftheyearinwhichheproposestovote,hispolltax,asprescribedbylaw,forthepreviousyear.Polltaxesshallbealienonlyonassessedproperty,andnoprocessshallissuetoenforcethecollectionofthesameexceptagainstassessedproperty.[Sec.5]Nomaleperson,whowasonJanuary1,1867,oratanytimepriorthereto,entitledtovoteunderthelawsofanyStateintheUnitedStateswhereinhethenresided,andnolinealdescendantofanysuchperson;shallbedeniedtherighttoregisterandvoteatanyelectioninthisStatebyreasonofhisfailuretopossesstheeducationalqualificationsprescribedinsection4ofthisArticle:Provided,HeshallhaveregisteredinaccordancewiththetermsofthissectionpriortoDec.1,1908.TheGeneralAssemblyshallprovideforapermanentrecordofallpersonswhoregisterunderthissectiononorbeforeNovember1,1908,andallsuchpersonsshallbeentitledtoregisterandvoteatallelectionsbythepeopleinthisState,unlessdisqualifiedundersection2ofthisArticle:Providedsuchpersonsshallhavepaidtheirpolltaxasrequiredbylaw.[Sec.6]Allelectionsbythepeopleshallbebyballot,andallelectionsbytheGeneralAssemblyshallbevivavoce.[Sec.7]EveryvoterinNorthCarolina,exceptasinthisArt.Disqualified,shallbeeligibletooffice,butbeforeenteringuponthedutiesoftheofficeheshalltakeandsubscribethefollowingoath:“I…dosolemnlyswearoraffirm,thatIwillsupporttheconstitutionandlawsofNorthCarolina,not
inconsistenttherewith,andthat…Iwillfaithfullydischargethedutiesofmyofficeas…SohelpmeGod.”[Sec.8]Thefollowingclassesofpersonsshallbedisqualifiedforoffice:First,allpersonswhoshalldenythebeingofAlmightyGod.Second,allpersonswhoshallhavebeenconvictedorconfessedtheirguiltonindictmentpending,andwhethersentencedornot;orunderjudgmentsuspended,ofanytreasonorfelony,oranyothercrimeforwhichthepunishmentmaybeimprisonmentinthepenitentiary;sincebecomingcitizensoftheUnitedStates,orofcorruptionandmalpracticeinofficeunlesssuchpersonshallberestoredtotherightsofcitizenshipinamannerprescribedbylaw.[Sec.9]ThatalloftheprovisionsoftheConstitutionrelatingtosuffrageregistrationandelectionsascontainedinthisact,amendingtheConstitution,shallgointoeffectonthefirstdayofJuly,1902,ifamajorityofthequalifiedvotersoftheStatesodeclareatthenextgeneralelection.
Source:http://core.ecu.edu/umc/Wilmington/scans/ticketThree/articleSix.pdf
VotingRightsActof1965
AnacttoenforcethefifteenthamendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,andforotherpurposes.[…]
SEC.2.Novotingqualificationorprerequisitetovoting,orstandard,practice,orprocedureshallbeimposedorappliedbyanyStateorpoliticalsubdivisiontodenyorabridgetherightofanycitizenoftheUnitedStatestovoteonaccountofraceorcolor.[…]
SEC.4.(a)ToassurethattherightofcitizensoftheUnitedStatestovoteisnotdeniedorabridgedonaccountofraceorcolor,nocitizenshallbedeniedtherighttovoteinanyFederal,State,orlocalelectionbecauseofhisfailuretocomplywithanytestordeviceinanyStatewithrespecttowhichthedeterminationshavebeenmadeundersubsection[…]
(c)Thephrase"testordevice"shallmeananyrequirementthatapersonasaprerequisiteforvotingorregistrationforvoting(1)demonstratetheabilitytoread,write,understand,orinterpretanymatter,(2)demonstrateanyeducationalachievementorhisknowledgeofanyparticularsubject,(3)possessgoodmoralcharacter,or(4)provehisqualificationsbythevoucherofregisteredvotersormembersofanyotherclass.[…]
SEC.10.(a)TheCongressfindsthattherequirementofthepaymentofapolltaxasapreconditiontovoting(i)precludespersonsoflimitedmeansfromvotingorimposesunreasonablefinancialhardshipuponsuchpersonsasapreconditiontotheirexerciseofthefranchise,(ii)doesnotbearareasonablerelationshiptoanylegitimateStateinterestintheconductofelections,and(iii)insomeareashasthepurposeoreffectofdenyingpersonstherighttovotebecauseofraceorcolor.Uponthebasisofthesefindings,Congressdeclaresthattheconstitutionalrightofcitizenstovoteisdeniedorabridgedinsomeareasbytherequirementofthepaymentofapolltaxasapreconditiontovoting.(b)IntheexerciseofthepowersofCongressundersection5ofthefourteenthamendmentandsection2ofthefifteenthamendment,theAttorneyGeneralisauthorizedanddirectedtoinstituteforthwithinthenameoftheUnitedStatessuchactions,includingactionsagainstStatesorpoliticalsubdivisions,fordeclaratoryjudgmentorinjunctivereliefagainsttheenforcementofanyrequirementofthepaymentofapolltaxasapreconditiontovoting,orsubstitutethereforeenactedafterNovember1,1964,aswillbenecessarytoimplementthedeclarationofsubsection(a)andthepurposesofthissection.[…]
SEC.11.(a)NopersonactingundercoloroflawshallfailorrefusetopermitanypersontovotewhoisentitledtovoteunderanyprovisionofthisActorisotherwisequalifiedtovote,orwillfullyfailorrefusetotabulate,count,andreportsuchperson'svote.(b)Noperson,whetheractingundercoloroflaworotherwise,shallintimidate,threaten,orcoerce,orattempttointimidate,threaten,orcoerceanypersonforvotingorattemptingtovote,orintimidate,threaten,orcoerce,orattempttointimidate,threaten,orcoerceanypersonforurgingoraidinganypersontovoteorattempttovote,orintimidate,threaten,orcoerceanypersonforexercisinganypowersordutiesundersection3(a),6,8,9,10,or12(e).
(c)Whoeverknowinglyorwillfullygivesfalseinformationastohisname,address,orperiodofresidenceinthevotingdistrictforthepurposeofestablishinghiseligibilitytoregisterorvote,orconspireswithanotherindividualforthepurposeofencouraginghisfalseregistrationtovoteorillegalvoting,orpaysorofferstopayoracceptspaymenteitherforregistrationtovoteorforvotingshallbefinednotmorethan$10,000orimprisonednotmorethanfiveyears,orboth:Provided,however,Thatthisprovisionshallbeapplicableonlytogeneral,special,orprimaryelectionsheldsolelyorinpartforthepurposeofselectingorelectinganycandidatefortheofficeofPresident,VicePresident,presidentialelector,MemberoftheUnitedStatesSenate,MemberoftheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentatives,orDelegatesorCommissionersfromtheterritoriesorpossessions,orResidentCommissioneroftheCommonwealthofPuertoRico.Source:http://www.fairvote.org/?page=1327
NorthCarolinaConstitutionof1971
ARTICLEVISUFFRAGEANDELIGIBILITYTOOFFICE
Section1.Whomayvote.EverypersonbornintheUnitedStatesandeverypersonwhohasbeennaturalized,18yearsofage,andpossessingthequalificationssetoutinthisArticle,shallbeentitledtovoteatanyelectionbythepeopleoftheState,exceptashereinotherwiseprovided.Sec.2.Qualificationsofvoter.(1)ResidenceperiodforStateelections.AnypersonwhohasresidedintheStateofNorthCarolinaforoneyearandintheprecinct,ward,orotherelectiondistrictfor30daysnextprecedinganelection,andpossessestheotherqualificationssetoutinthisArticle,shallbeentitledtovoteatanyelectionheldinthisState.Removalfromoneprecinct,ward,orotherelectiondistricttoanotherinthisStateshallnotoperatetodepriveanypersonoftherighttovoteintheprecinct,ward,orotherelectiondistrictfromwhichthatpersonhasremoveduntil30daysaftertheremoval.(2)Residenceperiodforpresidentialelections.TheGeneralAssemblymayreducethetimeofresidenceforpersonsvotinginpresidentialelections.ApersonmadeeligiblebyreasonofareductionintimeofresidenceshallpossesstheotherqualificationssetoutinthisArticle,shallonlybeentitledtovoteforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesorforelectorsforPresidentandVicePresident,andshallnottherebybecomeeligibletoholdofficeinthisState.(3)Disqualificationoffelon.NopersonadjudgedguiltyofafelonyagainstthisStateortheUnitedStates,oradjudgedguiltyofafelonyinanotherstatethatalsowouldbeafelonyifithadbeencommittedinthisState,shallbepermittedtovoteunlessthatpersonshallbefirstrestoredtotherightsofcitizenshipinthemannerprescribedbylaw.Sec.3.Registration.Everypersonofferingtovoteshallbeatthetimelegallyregisteredasavoterashereinprescribedandinthemannerprovidedbylaw.TheGeneralAssemblyshallenactgenerallawsgoverningtheregistrationofvoters.Sec.4.Qualificationforregistration.EverypersonpresentinghimselfforregistrationshallbeabletoreadandwriteanysectionoftheConstitutionintheEnglishlanguage.Sec.5.ElectionsbypeopleandGeneralAssembly.Allelectionsbythepeopleshallbebyballot,andallelectionsbytheGeneralAssemblyshallbevivavoce.AcontestedelectionforanyofficeestablishedbyArticleIIIofthisConstitutionshallbedeterminedbyjointballotofbothhousesoftheGeneralAssemblyinthemannerprescribedbylaw.Sec.6.Eligibilitytoelectiveoffice.EveryqualifiedvoterinNorthCarolinawhois21yearsofage,exceptasinthisConstitutiondisqualified,shallbeeligibleforelectionbythepeopletooffice.Sec.7.Oath.
Beforeenteringuponthedutiesofanoffice,apersonelectedorappointedtotheofficeshalltakeandsubscribethefollowingoath:"I,_______________,dosolemnlyswear(oraffirm)thatIwillsupportandmaintaintheConstitutionandlawsoftheUnitedStates,andtheConstitutionandlawsofNorthCarolinanotinconsistenttherewith,andthatIwillfaithfullydischargethedutiesofmyofficeas_______________,sohelpmeGod."Sec.8.Disqualificationsforoffice.Thefollowingpersonsshallbedisqualifiedforoffice:First,anypersonwhoshalldenythebeingofAlmightyGod.Second,withrespecttoanyofficethatisfilledbyelectionbythepeople,anypersonwhoisnotqualifiedtovoteinanelectionforthatoffice.Third,anypersonwhohasbeenadjudgedguiltyoftreasonoranyotherfelonyagainstthisStateortheUnitedStates,oranypersonwhohasbeenadjudgedguiltyofafelonyinanotherstatethatalsowouldbeafelonyifithadbeencommittedinthisState,oranypersonwhohasbeenadjudgedguiltyofcorruptionormalpracticeinanyoffice,oranypersonwhohasbeenremovedbyimpeachmentfromanyoffice,andwhohasnotbeenrestoredtotherightsofcitizenshipinthemannerprescribedbylaw.Sec.9.Dualofficeholding.(1)Prohibitions.Itissalutarythattheresponsibilitiesofself-governmentbewidelysharedamongthecitizensoftheStateandthatthepotentialabuseofauthorityinherentintheholdingofmultipleofficesbyanindividualbeavoided.Therefore,nopersonwhoholdsanyofficeorplaceoftrustorprofitundertheUnitedStatesoranydepartmentthereof,orunderanyotherstateorgovernment,shallbeeligibletoholdanyofficeinthisStatethatisfilledbyelectionbythepeople.NopersonshallholdconcurrentlyanytwoofficesinthisStatethatarefilledbyelectionofthepeople.Nopersonshallholdconcurrentlyanytwoormoreappointiveofficesorplacesoftrustorprofit,oranycombinationofelectiveandappointiveofficesorplacesoftrustorprofit,exceptastheGeneralAssemblyshallprovidebygenerallaw.(2)Exceptions.TheprovisionsofthisSectionshallnotprohibitanyofficerofthemilitaryforcesoftheStateoroftheUnitedStatesnotonactivedutyforanextensiveperiodoftime,anynotarypublic,oranydelegatetoaConventionofthePeoplefromholdingconcurrentlyanotherofficeorplaceoftrustorprofitunderthisStateortheUnitedStatesoranydepartmentthereof.Sec.10.Continuationinoffice.Intheabsenceofanycontraryprovision,allofficersinthisState,whetherappointedorelected,shallholdtheirpositionsuntilotherappointmentsaremadeor,iftheofficesareelective,untiltheirsuccessorsarechosenandqualified.
Source:http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Legislation/constitution/article6.html
MakingAPoster:ProposedVotingAmendmentsorHistoricalSuffragePoster
TeacherName:_________________ StudentName:________________________________________
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Graphics-Clarity Graphicsareallinfocusandthecontenteasilyviewedandidentifiedfrom6ft.away.
Mostgraphicsareinfocusandthecontenteasilyviewedandidentifiedfrom6ft.away.
Mostgraphicsareinfocusandthecontentiseasilyviewedandidentifiedfrom4ft.away.
Manygraphicsarenotclearoraretoosmall.
Graphics-Originality
Severalofthegraphicsusedontheposterreflectaexceptionaldegreeofstudentcreativityintheircreationand/ordisplay.
Oneortwoofthegraphicsusedontheposterreflectstudentcreativityintheircreationand/ordisplay.
Thegraphicsaremadebythestudent,butarebasedonthedesignsorideasofothers.
Nographicsmadebythestudentareincluded.
Graphics-Relevance
Allgraphicsarerelatedtothetopicandmakeiteasiertounderstand.Allborrowedgraphicshaveasourcecitation.
Allgraphicsarerelatedtothetopicandmostmakeiteasiertounderstand.Allborrowedgraphicshaveasourcecitation.
Allgraphicsrelatetothetopic.Mostborrowedgraphicshaveasourcecitation.
GraphicsdonotrelatetothetopicORseveralborrowedgraphicsdonothaveasourcecitation.
Content-Accuracy Atleast7accuratefactsaredisplayedontheposter.
5-6accuratefactsaredisplayedontheposter.
3-4accuratefactsaredisplayedontheposter.
Lessthan3accuratefactsaredisplayedontheposter.
Attractiveness Theposterisexceptionallyattractiveintermsofdesign,layout,andneatness.
Theposterisattractiveintermsofdesign,layoutandneatness.
Theposterisacceptablyattractivethoughitmaybeabitmessy.
Theposterisdistractinglymessyorverypoorlydesigned.Itisnotattractive.
