Download - ADMS + ANM - CIRED 2015
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Advanced Distribution Management System
Applications: Managing Active Distribution Networks
Graham Ault – Smarter Grid Solutions
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Objectives and Outline
Description of Active Network Management (ANM)
Learn from example ANM projects Set out requirements for ANM Explore future ANM Directions
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems2
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Solutions to resolve the grid challenges of a low carbon world through real-time, autonomous, deterministic control technology and supporting services.
Founded in 2008
HQ in Glasgow with consultancy, technology development and test infrastructure.
Offices in New York and London
Over 50 engineers focused entirely on the development and deployment of Active Network Management solutions
12 years of development in collaboration with utility customers and one of Europe’s leading power systems universities (University of Strathclyde) 3Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015R
esea
rch
proj
ect
com
men
ces
20032007
Fie
ld tr
ial o
f aut
onom
ous
gene
ratio
n co
ntro
l
2008
Com
pany
foun
ded
2009
UK
’s fi
rst f
ully
ope
ratio
nal
smar
t grid
– O
rkne
y R
PZ
2010K
ey r
ole
in D
G fo
r se
curit
y of
su
pply
, dem
and
resp
onse
an
d E
V in
tegr
atio
n
2011
Firs
t pro
ject
in m
ainl
and
Eur
ope
2012
Blo
ombe
rg N
ew E
nerg
y F
inan
ce P
ione
er, s
ecur
ed
maj
or n
ew p
roje
cts
with
UK
P
ower
Net
wor
ks a
nd S
SE
PD
an
d fir
st m
anor
pro
ject
with
S
P E
nerg
y N
etw
orks
2013
Firs
t pro
ject
s w
ith W
este
rn
Pow
er D
istr
ibut
ion
and
Nor
ther
n P
ower
grid
Firs
t pro
ject
s w
ith C
on
Edi
son,
Sou
ther
n C
ompa
ny
and
Nor
ther
n Ir
elan
d E
lect
ricity
. La
unch
of N
YC
of
fice.
Firs
t fra
mew
ork
cont
ract
win
for A
NM
rol
l-out
w
ith S
SE
PD
2014
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems4
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ProductsConsultancy, Analysis,
Tools and TrainingSystems Integration
and Support
Active Network Management
products
• Strategic Consultancy
• Power systems analysis
• ANM system design• Capacity analysis
tools• ANM planning and
operational training
• Services to support the deployment of Active Network Management
• Ongoing support and maintenance of operational systems
Project Lifecycle
What SGS do
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems5
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Outline of ANM and fit with other network control
infrastructure and applications
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems6
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
To rest of network….
12 MVA
Bus 1 Bus 2
FG0 - 15 MVA
NFG
3 - 12 MVA
12 MVA
v, i
v, i
ANM Controller
v, i
Real-time Export
SCADA/EMS/DMS
0 - ? MVA
Storage
Substation or Control Room
7
Active Network Management: Concept
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems7
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
What is Active Network Management?
A part-distributed control technology to manage distributed energy resources.
Delivering real-time autonomous deterministic control providing guaranteed repeatability and time-bounding of end to end control actions.
To enable second by second control of distributed energy resources and grid devices to deliver smart grid functionality.
Typical applications include real and reactive power control, voltage management and energy balancing.
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems8
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
What ANM is not … SCADA or DMS: ANM complements such systems integrating
easily via standard industry protocols to enhance network visibility and grid control.
DER Management System (DERMS): ANM complements such systems by providing a robust, reliable and secure device integration and interaction layer.
Substation Automation (SA): ANM extends beyond the substation into the field but leverages existing substation equipment and communications where possible.
Distribution Automation (DA): ANM tends to be focused on power systems constraint problems rather than reliability improvements but can sometimes be considered a new type of Distribution Automation application.
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems9
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Commercial Benefits of ANM
Maximise grid utilisation by increasing DG and DER hosting capacity
New connection options to reduce connection times and cost
Increased financial return from existing assets Increased network revenue Increased connection charges for more connected
customers Avoid or defer capital expenditure and grid upgrades Reduce network charges to demand customers for
distributed generation reinforcement Improved customer service Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems
10
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Technical Benefits of ANM Ease of adoption Products fit with existing DG/DER connections process and
agreements Autonomous operations and simple to use configurability within a
single platform Reduced complexity and quick to deploy Associative relationships, sensitivity factors, timers and
deadbands remove the need for the connected network model and complex mathematical optimisation techniques
Extensible platform for implementation of additional functionality Time bounded control loops and repeatability coupled with fail to
safe mechanisms provide peace of mind to control room operators and protection engineers
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems11
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Scenario:
• DG causes power flow overloads on overhead lines and grid transformers.
Operation:• Current monitoring at the
locations where the overload occurs
• ANM system calculates the capacity and any required curtailment
• The ANM generators are curtailed per their connection agreement or agreed contractual terms when the power flow limit is breached
• Generators are associated with multiple constraints (e.g. control zone A and C)
Generator
Primary Substation 1
Control Zone A
Generator
i v
Generator
Primary Substation 2
Control Zone B
Generator
i
Generator
Generator
Grid Substation
Control Zone C
i i
SCADA / DMS
Transmission Network
Generator
Generator
Existing generation
outside of ANM system
ANM enabled generator
within control of ANM system
ANM 100
ANM 100
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems12
Example Scenario 1
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Scenario:
• Generation export of real power raises voltage at point of connection and along the feeder resulting in AVC scheme operation and low voltage measurements on parallel feeders.
Operation:
• Real-time monitoring at PCC, end of line voltage on lowest voltage feeder and at the substation.
• Curtail real-power when beyond voltage design limits
• Regulate the production or absorption of reactive power
• Adjust the target voltage of the on load tap change controller
Primary Substation 1
SCADA / DMS
Generator
Generator
Existing generation
outside of ANM system
ANM enabled generator
within control of ANM system
i v i v
Generator
Generator
i v
Generator
i v
v
ANM 50
Generator
i v
Generator
i v
AVC Scheme
ANM 50
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems13
Example Scenario 2
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Scenario:
• Generator exporting real power, sometimes exceeds voltage at the PCC or at the substation.
Operation:
• Delivers real-time monitoring at PCC and if necessary at the substation
• Curtail real-power when beyond voltage design limits
• Can be integrated in the future to ANM system
• Can be integrated back to SCADA / DMS or without centralised monitoring.
Substation SCADA / DMS
Generator
Generator
Existing generation
outside of ANM system
ANM enabled generator
within control of ANM system
i v
Generator
Generator
i v
ANM 50
ANM 100
Connect+
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems14
Example Scenario 3
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Scenario:
• Load Growth Results in a Peak Power Flow that Exceeds Capacity at primary substations and grid substation.
Operation:
• Real-time monitoring of power flow at primary and grid substations experiencing peak power capacity constraint.
• Curtail real-power set-points for connected devices when thresholds are breached
• Regulate the second by second production or consumption of energy from Distributed Energy Resources
Primary Substation 1
Non-ANM Generator
Generator
Primary Substation 3
Variable Load Generator
Energy Storage System
Primary Substation 2
Generator
Variable Load
i v i v
i vi vSCADA / DMS
ANM 100
ANM 100 with Energy Storage Module
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems15
Example Scenario 4
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Active Network Management: Timescales and applications
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems16
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ANM Supervisory Control ProtectionDeterministic Non-deterministic Deterministic
Autonomous Human operator Automatic
Software Software Firmware (or electromechanical)
Defined network area Whole network Unit/non-unit
Locally-centralised& Local/Distributed
Centralised Local/Distributed
ANM, SCADA and Protection
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems17
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Example ANM Architectures
Based on Smart Grid Architecture Model
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems18
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Distribution DER
X X
Power control
GProcess
Enterprise
Operation
Station
Field
UKPN substation DG substation
Market
Customer Premise
TransmissionGeneration
ANMUKPN SCADA
PI historianVendor support
Smart devices
Measurements
Gen
erat
ion
Cus
tom
er p
rem
ises
UKPN Control Centre FPP comms
Generator controller
Tra
nsm
issi
on
Dis
trib
utio
n
Dis
trib
utio
n E
nerg
y R
esou
rces
Source: UK Power Networks
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems
19
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems20
Source: Scottish & Southern Energy
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ANM system configuration
Settings required:ThresholdsOperating marginsTimersFail safe mechanisms
Power Flow At Constraint Location
System limit
Global Trip
Sequential Trip
Trim
Trim Less
ResetReset Less
Global Trip Operating Margin
Sequential Trip Operating Margin
Trim Operating Margin
Reset Operating Margin
RTF
dt
dP
dt
dPRTDTD
dt
dP
dt
dPOM
downNFGupexistingTrim
upNFGupexistingTrim
,,,,
Theoretical under-pinning:
Logical principles of escalating control action:
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems21
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015Trial results: Power Flow
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
18:37:00 18:38:00 18:39:00 18:40:00 18:41:00 18:42:00 18:43:00
Pow
er (k
W)
March Grid Transformer DG1 Power DG2 Power DG3 PowerFirm Generation Power DG1 Setpoint DG2 Setpoint DG3 SetpointGlobal Trip Seq Trip Reset TrimTrim Less Reset Less
Trim
Bre
ach
2. Thermal limit reached at MP
1. Firm DG ‘forced’ increase to create
thermal breach
3. DG set-points calculated and
issued on pro-rata basis
4. DG ramp-down in compliance with
set-point instructions
5. Power flow at network constraint
below threshold
7. Driving force on
constraint removed
8. DG full release starts
6. Adjustments possible to fully use
thermal capacity
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems22
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
13:01:00 13:02:00 13:03:00 13:04:00 13:05:00 13:06:00 13:07:00 13:08:00 13:09:00 13:10:00
Pow
er (k
W)
DG 20 Reactive Power DG 20 Reactive Setpoint DG 20 Real Power DG 20 Real SetpointFirm Generation Power MP 20 Voltage Upper 1 NominalUpper 2 Lower 1 Lower 2 Release Low
Upp
er 1
Bre
each
1. Firm DG ‘forced’ increase to create
voltage breach
2. Voltage limit breach identified at
MP 4. DG Real Power set-point issued
with DG ramp-down started
5. Voltage target achieved (above
nominal)3. DG Reactive
Power set-point issued with
response (but not enough!)
6. DG Real Power release starts
7. DG Reactive Power release starts once DG
Real Power fully released
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems23
Trial results: Voltage
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems24
Example of control round trip
Central ANM Controller Comms Local ANM
ControllerDG control
System
Curtailment instruction
Curtailment Confirmation
DG Plant
Normal Operation
Configurable timer settings
Communications delayLocal system
delayGenerator Plant
delayApplication
delay
e.g. TCP/IP keep alive, RF mesh hops e.g. Device timer e.g. Ramp ratesApplication timerFine Tune
Breach of a constraint threshold
Constraint managed
Tota
l T
ime
(Sec
on
ds)
Sys
tem
res
po
nse
tim
e
Breaker
G
Power export reduced
Source: UK Power Networks
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Example ANM deployment projects
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems25
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ChallengeIncrease grid capacity, reduce time to connect and cost of connection for distributed generation in Cambridgeshire. Technical challenges include thermal overloads and localised voltage rise constraints.
Solution
♦ Non-firm actively managed grid connections for distributed generation using ANM 100.
♦ Integration with Dynamic Line Rating relays and Quad Booster Control System.
Delivered Benefits
♦ 15 generators (55 MW) accepted ANM connection offers out of the 24 connection offers made
♦ Reduction of CAPEX in connection offers of 75-95% to individual generators
♦ Aggregate saving of £44m
♦ 29 week decrease in connection time.
EPN licence area heat map for DG connections
Cambridgeshire ANM area Norwich ANM area launched Dec 2014 following success of Cambridgeshire
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems26
Cambridgeshire
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015H
igh
level schem
atic of C
amb
ridg
esh
ire solu
tion
Connection costs and estimated curtailment levels for normal connection versus ANM connection
DLR
AVC
M
M
M
M
M
Power Flow Constraint B
AVC
Client RTU
Client RTU
Power Flow Constraint C
Voltage Constraint B
Voltage Constraint A
SCADA (Control Room)
Generator 1
Generator 3
Generator 4
Generator 2
Generator 5
Power Flow Constraint A
RF MeshIEC 61850
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems27
Cambridgeshire
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Example ANM deployment projects
More case studies showing different functionality in Appendix:
London (UK Power Networks) Skegness and Corby (Western Power Distribution) South East Scotland (SP Energy Networks) Shetland Isles (Scottish & Southern Energy Power
Distribution)
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ANM Requirements
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Core ANM Requirements
Autonomy Minimal Complexity Time-Bounded Operation: Real-Time Operating
Systems and Deterministic Applications Predictability and Repeatability Scalability and Consistent Performance Open Integration and Security High Availability: Failover and Redundancy Fail-Safe Functionality Operating on the DataGraham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems
30
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Other ANM Requirements
Supporting tools Capacity analysis tools available for network
and connections planning teams to model ANM connections):
Supporting commercial/market arrangements Integration with other control systems Support Extensibility
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems31
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Implications of not meeting the requirements
Increased operator intervention Breach of power systems limits Reduction in hosting capacity Breach of commercial contracts Increased systems integration costs
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems32
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Future ANM Directions
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems33
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Challenges to ANM Deployment
Commercial rules for DG constraint management DNO business models for ANM investment and cost recovery Network Operator resources Standards (ANM solutions, Security and Quality of Supply,
etc) Communications and data New interruptible contracts Planning tools and satisfying customer concerns Including investors in new generation projects Cost-benefit analysis Triggers for reinforcement
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems34
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Future directions for ANM
Scale: Wider power system implications (transmission, balancing, etc) Multiple voltage levels and transmission/system/market issues
Scope: New functionality (real time constraints and objectives for
network control) Non-real time functionality New devices and data sources Emergence of microgrids
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems35
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Future directions for ANM
Jurisdiction: Regulatory incentives: New regulation driving ANM deployment –
RIIO in UK and REV in NYC as examples Market need and functionality Emerging trends and issues (by geography)
Issues of Integration: Control coordination for multiple ANM applications Systems of systems: ANM interacting with Gas, Heat and
Transport networks ADMS
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems36
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Future directions for ANM
Platforms: Next generation platforms Scalability and extensibility
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems37
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Applying ANM learning to Microgrids ANM products and applications are suited to managing the interaction
between multiple Microgrids and the network operator and energy supplier
Provide visibility and control of individual/collective DER Manage network constraints, voltage profiles and schedule devices Local balancing of supply, demand and storage Respond to system events and real-time conditions Deliver “mission critical” coordinated control, fail safe functionality and
redundancy of key elements in the end-to-end system Manage the process of intentional islanding and also mitigate the risks
of unintentional islanding and reconnection
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems38
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Microgrids in IEEE 1547.4
Microgrids contain generation and load
Ability to disconnect from and parallel with wider system
Different scales from customer to substation, local to wider area
Intentionally planned
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems39
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Generator
Energy Storage System
Circuit Microgrid
Generator
Facility Microgrid
Energy Storage System
Substation Microgrid
Microgrid Controller
Microgrid Controller
Microgrid Controller
DMS
ANM Application
DERMS
Historical Database
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems40
Example Layout of ANM for Microgrids
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Concluding Remarks
Active Network Management (ANM) has become a well defined tool in the wider ADMS sphere
ANM is being deployed on an off-DMS platform with specific requirements
Early project implementations with DNOs are delivering benefits while pointing towards new requirements and challenges
Future directions for ANM are emerging in new requirements, new applications and underlying new platform technologies.
41
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Appendix: Additional project case studies
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ChallengeDemonstrate how ANM can be used to increase visibility of distributed generation, improve security of supply, manage different DER types and avoid demand driven reinforcement.
Solution♦ ANM 100 configured to second by
second manage export and import of distributed generation (20+ MWs from CHP), demand aggregators (3 aggregators) and EV charging (50 charge points totaling 600 kW).
Delivered Benefits♦ A third more distributed energy plants to
export power to urban networks♦ £43m of savings identified through the
visibility and contribution of Distributed Generation to security of supply.
Example trace of ANM delivering autonomous demand response
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems43
London
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Technical overview of the ANM trials
EHV
HV
DG Control System
Primary User Interface
RTU Measurement Points
Primary Substation
Local Demand Response Site
Central ANM Controller
M M M Central Demand Response Control Centre
Low Carbon London Operational Data Store
UKPN SCADA
Modbus/IP(VPN)
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
various
DNP3/IP
ANM Data Historian
GPRS
Electric Vehicle Charging Network
Operator
Electric Vehicle Charging
Infrastructure
Modbus/IP(VPN)
DG Control System
Local Distributed Generation Site
various
GPRS
Power
Current
HV/LV Network
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems44
London
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Challenge
Roll-out ANM connections for DG customers within 6 months. Technical challenges include thermal and voltage constraints for wind and PV developments.
Solution♦ Non-firm actively managed grid connections for
distributed generation using ANM 100. ♦ ANM 100 delivered and operational within 3
months.♦ Consultancy services, capacity analysis and
training to build internal knowledge and capability.
Delivered Benefits♦ Skegness: several generation connection offers
accepted♦ Corby: several generation connection offers
accepted ♦ Several 10’s MW generation connection
acceptances♦ Other ANM areas scheduled
SGS and WPD engineers commissioning the Skegness ANM system
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems45
Skegness and Corby
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Single line diagram of the Skegness network showing ANM connecting generation with thermal and voltage constraint locations.
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems46
Skegness and Corby
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
Challenge
♦ To increase the speed and cost of connection for DG projects (e.g. PV, wind and thermal) in the South East of Scotland.
♦ Reduce wasted engineering effort in connection quotations which are not accepted (currently >90%)
♦ Technical challenges include thermal overloads and voltage.
Solution
♦ ANM-enable grid supply points with ANM 100 to manage distribution and transmission constraints
♦ Deliver an online capacity analysis tool for distributed generation customers to screen connections before applying
Status
♦ Customer connection portal in trial and being rolled out across the area by June 2015
♦ 3 grid supply points ANM-enabled and integrated to existing communications and SCADA ready for distributed generator connections
Available Capacity
Limited capacity
No capacity
ANM enabled area
Project area and constrained circuits for distributed generation connections
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems47
South-East Scotland
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ChallengeDevelop and manage the non-interconnected island grid more efficiently and increase role of renewable energy in meeting future energy needs.
Technical challenge includes stability, primary reserve, network operation and thermal overload constraints.
Solution♦ Actively manage new generator output against
stability and security constraints and schedule new controllable demand to reduce renewables curtailment and enhance system operation
♦ Distributed Energy Resources integrated include domestic demand (2 MW of flexible electrical heat demand and 16 MWh of energy storage); several MW of new renewable generation and battery energy storage.
Delivered Benefits♦ 5 generators accepted ANM connections
(8.5MW)
Population ~23,000
Demand 11 – 47 MW
Diesel generation at Lerwick Power Station (50+ MW) but reaching end of life and requires replacement
Energy supply and frequency response from Sullom Voe Oil Terminal but mainly there to serve local load and cannot be guaranteed in the long term.
Platform and application components used to deliver the Shetland ANM system
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems48
Shetland Isles
Lyon (France), 15-18 June 2015
ANM Functions
♦ Forecasting of network constraints based on load and generation forecasts
♦ Calculation of day ahead schedules for all controlled devices with an objective of maximising renewable contribution
♦ Real time (second by second) balancing to calculate and issue override signals to respond to unforeseen events, changes in conditions and short term variations
♦ Management of system stability to identify configurations that may result in unacceptable oscillatory behaviour and set operating limits, including frequency response characteristics
Domestic demand side management scheduling and set up screen
Multiple system constraints managed through ANM
Graham Ault – UK – Tutorial 2 Distribution Management Systems49
Shetland Isles