Download - Adapting agile afei - 2-15
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC
1
Adapting Agile:The Missing Link
Jason Bloomberg
President
@TheEbizWizard
About Jason Bloomberg
• President of Intellyx
• Advise companies on their digital transformation initiatives & help vendors communicate their agility stories
• Write for Forbes and Wired on Digital Transformation
• Buy my latest book, The Agile Architecture Revolution
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC2
The Mission Priority
• Complex, dynamic policy environment
• Global environment in turmoil
• Threats proliferating, especially technology-centric
• Incessant change impacting government technology ecosystem
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC3
Agility is Absolutely Essential
Photo
Cre
dit:
Fre
edom
House h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/s
yri
afr
eedom
/
Today’s Context for Change
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC4
AgileDigital
Transformation
What is Digital?
End-user/citizen preferences & behaviordrive technology choices
Range of technology touchpoints is exploding
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC5
Photo
Cre
dit:
RevolW
eb h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/r
evolw
eb/
What about Transformation?
Internal organizational change is necessary to maintain focus on the end-user in today’s
digital world
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC6
Photo
Cre
dit:
Pascal htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/p
asukaru
76/
What is Digital Transformation?
• End-user pressures driving technological and organizational change in public & private sector
• Enterprises rethinking:
– How they serve citizens/end-users
– The role IT plays
– How they build & manage teams
– How they innovate
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC7
Photo
Cre
dit:
Louis
K.
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/b
onapart
y/
The End-to-End Digital Challenge
• Digital technology begins at the end-user touchpoint
• Web & mobile apps include numerous third-party services
– Generally run in cloud
• Apps connect to back end databases & systems of record
– In cloud & on premise
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC8
Photo
Cre
dit:
Robert
Cle
mens h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/r
obert
_cle
mens/
What is Agile?
Organizations must capitalize on disruption to achieve greater innovativeness and resilience in the face of digital transformation priorities
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC9
Photo
Cre
dit:
Walter
Lim
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/c
oolinsig
hts
/
The Agile Manifesto
Manifesto for Agile Software Development
We are uncovering better ways of developingsoftware by doing it and helping others do it.Through this work we have come to value:
– Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
– Working software over comprehensive documentation
– Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
– Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items onthe right, we value the items on the left more.
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC10
Sourc
e:
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
gilem
anifesto
.org
Context: Software Development
• Focus on small teams that crank out code
• Iterative, self-organizing, collaborative
• Focus on creating working software
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC11
Well-run Agile development means producing a lot of good software
quickly
Photo
Cre
dit:
Phil W
hitehouse h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/p
hilliecasabla
nca/2
473728872/s
izes/l
What about Architecture on Agile Projects?
• We don’t need no stinkin’ architecture!
• Architecture lumped in with documentation (less is more)
• Architects slow down developers
• Architects produce artifacts that aren’t Agile
– Lead to extra work
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC12
Photo
Cre
dit:
Yort
whtt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/y
ort
w/5
470226807/s
izes/l
Widespread belief that Agile and Architecture don’t mix
Create Minimum Viable Architecture
• All documentation, artifacts, diagrams, etc. are means to an end
• Don’t architect more than the stakeholders want
• Problems:
– Shortsighted
– Leads to legacy issues
– Limits agilityCopyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC13 P
hoto
Cre
dit:
Cam
era
Eye P
hoto
gra
phy h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/c
am
era
_is
_a_m
irro
r_w
ith_m
em
ory
/6628934195/s
izes/l
The Overbuilding Paradox
• How do stakeholders know what flexibility they will require?
• How generalized should code be?
• How do you build resilience into software?
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC14
Photo
Cre
dit:
Ishik
aw
a K
en h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/c
hid
ori
an/1
9898378/s
izes/l
Why Agile Software Architecture isn’t Agile
• Agile movement focuses on working software
– Focus on getting the software to meet its requirements
– Get all roadblocks out of the way
• Agile-built software is coded to be fit for purpose
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC15
Photo
Cre
dit:
B4bees h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/b
rizo_th
e_scot/
4013939756/s
izes/l
The Goal of Agile Software
• Requirement to build software that responds to changing requirements
• Inherent flexibility vs. rapid development & deployment
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC16 Photo
Cre
dit:
Robert
Couse-B
aker
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/2
9233640@
N07/1
4859431605/s
izes/z
/
Instant Legacy
• Difficult to upgrade
• Systems are inflexible
• Impossible to replace
• Difficult to customize
• Challenge to integrate
• Expensive over time
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC17
Photo
Cre
dit:
LH
OO
N h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/l
hoon/2
288339151/s
izes/l
Fit-for-Purpose Often Means Brittle
• Agile software built intentionally with only today’s needs in mind
• Planning for unexpected contingencies contrary to Agile approach
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC18
Brittle software leads to brittle organizations
Photo
Cre
dit:
Vegan F
east
Cate
ring h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/v
eganfe
ast/
Resilience
• The ability to respond quickly and efficiently to negative change in the business environment
– Managing risk
– Bouncing back from adverse events
– Disaster recovery
• Tactical business driver
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC19
Photo
Cre
dit:
Joe h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/b
itshaker/
167480266/s
izes/o
/
The opposite of brittleness
Resilience is Government Priority
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC20
Business Agility
• Responsiveness
– Tactical value
• Resilience
– Risk mitigation
• Innovativeness
– Strategic value
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC21 Photo
Cre
dit:
Masonite B
urn
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/m
asonite-b
urn
/6273626739/s
izes/l
Ability to respond to change in the business environment and leverage change for competitive advantage
Different Meanings of “Agile”
• “Agile-with-a-capital-A”
–Software development that follows the Agile Manifesto
• General meaning of “agile”
–Business agility as property of an organization
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC22
Iconoclastic vs. Dogmatic
• The point to Agile is to be less dogmatic about creating software
• Too many Agilists are dogmatic about Agile
• Defeats the purpose!
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC23
Photo
Cre
dit:
fusio
n-o
f-hori
zons h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/f
usio
n_of_
hori
zons/2
704767160/s
izes/l
Agile is inherently iconoclastic
The Lesson of Scrum Buts
• Statements of the form:
– “We want to follow Scrum BUT retrospectives are too difficult SO we won’t do them.”
• Important part of Agile
– Responding to change over following a plan!
• Problem: not always a good idea
– “We want to be iterative BUT it’s too much trouble SO we’ll do all our development in one massive sprint.”
• How do you tell which is which?
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC24
Extending the Agile Manifesto
• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
– As a system of people & technology, the enterprise is more about people
• Working software over comprehensive documentation
– Technology must actually work to enable agility
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
– Slice across the silos
• Responding to change over following a plan
– Architect for change
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC25
Photo
Cre
dit:
Mary
Marg
ret
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/d
ouble
-m2/4
384578534/s
izes/l
Scaling Agile for the Enterprise
• Enterprise Architecture context
– Organization, process, technology, and information
• Legacy context
– Existing applications, middleware, systems of record
• Business focused, iterative, get stuff to work, iconoclastic
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC26
Photo
Cre
dit:
Bosto
n P
ublic L
ibra
ry h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/b
osto
n_public_libra
ry/8
962106164/s
izes/l
The Rise of Agile EA
Understanding the Business Agility Driver
• Architects must recognize and identify agility drivers
• Stakeholders may or may not identify drivers as such
• Business drivers always connect to mission priority
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC27
Photo
Cre
dit:
West
Vancouver
Arc
hiv
es h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/w
estv
anarc
hiv
es/7
153091139/s
izes/o
/
Enterprise Architecture Challenges
• Insufficient business scope
– Buried in IT department
• Lack of executive mandate
• Excessive focus on documentation
• No business agility context
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC28
Photo
Cre
dit:
The S
hifte
d L
ibra
rian h
ttps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/s
hifte
d/
Digital Can Breathe New Life into EA
• Driven by EAs
– Now “Directors of Digital Excellence”
• Facilitate digital reorganization
• Increased focus on end-user/citizen
• Drive business agility end-to-end
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC29
Center of Digital Excellence (CODE)
Photo
Cre
dit:
badjo
nnihtt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/b
adjo
nni/
Introducing “Meta” Thinking
• Remember, we’re architecting for change
• Agile architect doesn’t think about the thing, but about how it changes
• Metaprocesses
– Processes for creating, managing, changing processes
• Metapolicies
– Policies for creating, managing, changing policies
– In other words, policies for how to do governance
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC30
Photo
Cre
dit:
Skara
Com
mun
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/6
3794459@
N07/6
189381851/s
izes/l
Change-Case Agility Model
• Questions for your analysis
– How much flexibility does your software need?
– What features will be needed?
– How resilient must infrastructure be?
– How dynamic will your data be?
– Etc.
• Must perform analysis at the meta level to avoid overbuilding
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC31
Photo
Cre
dit:
Jeff B
elm
onte
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/j
effbelm
onte
/
Establishing Feedback
• Feedback from each iteration is essential to Agile Architecture
• Ad hoc at lower levels, data-driven at higher level
• Move from manual to automated feedback loops as part of DevOps cadence
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC32
Photo
Cre
dit:
Vers
usLiv
eQ
uiz
Show
htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/3
8591159@
N06/
Continuous Business Transformation
• With Agile EA there is no to-be architecture
– Not in the physical sense
• Instead, the focus of the architecture is expecting and supporting ongoing change by specifying technology that is inherently flexible & resilient
• Architects must begin at the Meta layer
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC33
Photo
Cre
dit:
Shaw
n C
arp
ente
r htt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/s
pcbra
ss/4
388396268/s
izes/l
Shifting the Center of Gravity
Center of gravity is software
Center of gravity is the end-user
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC34
Photo
Cre
dit:
seanfo
nellihtt
ps:/
/ww
w.f
lickr.
com
/photo
s/s
eanoneill/
The Agile World
The Digital World
Jason Bloomberg
President, Intellyx
@TheEbizWizard
Send email NOW to [email protected] to download this presentation
Thank You!
Copyright © 2015, Intellyx, LLC