Download - Acid-Base Balance
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Lectures on respiratory physiologyLectures on respiratory physiology
Acid-Base BalanceAcid-Base Balance
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Some definitions
• An acid is a molecule that releases hydrogen ions in solution
• A base is a molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion
• A buffer is a substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions
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Titration curve for the bicarbonate buffer system
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CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3-
[H2CO3][H+] x [HCO3
-]
AT EQUILIBRIUM,
K =
[H+] x [HCO3-]
SOLUBILITY x PCO2 =
H2CO3CA
Law of Mass Action
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0.03 x PCO2
[H+] x [HCO3-]K =
WHICH, AFTER TAKING LOGS, BECOMES:
pH = pK + Log( ) [HCO3-]
0.03 x PCO2
- THE HENDERSON - HASSELBALCH EQUATION
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Derivation of normal pH
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Davenport Diagram
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
pH = 6.1 + Log( ) [HCO3-]1.2
PCO2 = 40
7.40
24NORMAL
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
PCO2:40
3020
10
6080100
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50
PLA
SMA
[H
CO
3- ], m
eq/l
pH
pH = pK + Log( ) [HCO3-]0.03 x PCO2
4080
20BUFFERLINE
N
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ACID - BASE DISTURBANCES:
* RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
* RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
* METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
* METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS:
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
N
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
![Page 21: Acid-Base Balance](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56815b1f550346895dc8d604/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
4080
20BUFFERLINE
H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O
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6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.00
10
20
30
40
50PL
ASM
A [
HC
O3- ],
meq
/l
pH
COMPENSATED RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
4080
20BUFFERLINE
COMPENSATED METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
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Oxygen Delivery to Tissues
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CAPILLARIES
CAPILLARIES
DIFFUSION
HEART ANDCIRCULATION
TISSUE
VENTILATION
THE OXYGEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
LUNGS
PERFUSION
DIFFUSION
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Fick equation for diffusion through a tissue sheet
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Distribution of PO2 between capillaries
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Critical PO2 for mitochondrial respiration
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Classification of tissue hypoxia:
* Anemic hypoxia* Hypoxic hypoxia
* Circulatory hypoxia* Histotoxic hypoxia