![Page 1: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© 2011 CAE Associates
Accelerate Your Nonlinear
Analyses for Structural Designs
Peter R. Barrett, P.E.
5/9/2011
![Page 2: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Outline
Welcome
Efficient Creation and Meshing of Structural Finite Element Models
Advanced Material Modeling
Modeling Stick/Slip Connections
6:00 - 7:00 pm: Food, Refreshments and Networking
Realizing the Value of Multi-Core Computers
Time History Transient Analyses
Automated Design
![Page 3: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Nicholas M. Veikos, Ph.D., President
Peter R. Barrett, M.S.C.E., P.E., Vice President
Michael Bak, Ph.D., Senior Engineering Manager
George Bauer, M.S.M.E., Engineering Manager
Kenneth W. Brown, Ph.D., Project Manager
Patrick Cunningham, M.S.M.E., Senior Engineering Manager
Steven Hale, M.S.M.E., Senior Engineering Manager
James Kosloski, M.S.M.E., Senior Engineering Manager
Michael Kuron, M.S.M.E., Project Manager
Zoran Dragojlovic , Ph.D., Project Engineer
Eric Stamper, M.S.M.E., Project Manager
Hsin-Hua Tsuei, Ph. D., CFD Manager
Lawrence L. Durocher, Ph.D., Associate
Richard Grant, M.B.A. , Business Development Manager
Christina Capasso, Marketing Coordinator
Tony Solazzo, M.S.Ch.E., Director of Sales
Anna Vincent, Business Manager
CAE Associates Staff Welcomes You!
![Page 4: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
CAE Associates, Inc.
» One of first 4 ANSYS
Channel Partners
Since 1985…
» Engineering Co.
Since 1981
![Page 5: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
CAE Associates, Inc.
CAE Associates, Inc. - Provides World Class services
![Page 6: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Consulting Specialties
~ Structural Analysis
— Linear and Nonlinear
— Static and Dynamic
— Implicit and Explicit Dynamics
~ Thermal Analysis
— Linear and Nonlinear
— Steady-State and Transient
— Coupled Thermal-Flow
~ CFD
— Aerodynamics analysis, Flowfield analysis
— Turbo machinery, Propulsion
— Chemical reacting flows, Physical models
~ Custom Software Development
![Page 7: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Software Technical Support
CAE Associates provides hotline support to 125 different companies,
including two of the world's biggest ANSYS users: United Technologies
and General Electric.
AE Firms: Parsons, AECOM, Weidlinger, Severud, Leslie E. Robertson,
Bechtel, AREVA, SGH, Enercon, Straam, Buro Happold
They have chosen us above all others because of our practical, technical
knowledge of both the software and their engineering applications.
We handle upwards of 95% of the questions ourselves with same day
response.
![Page 8: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Finite Element Training
— CAE Associates is a world leader in
finite element training, providing
exclusive training for industry
leading companies, such as:
• General Electric (Aviation, Energy,
Nuclear, Global R&D)
• United Technologies (Pratt &
Whitney, Research, Sikorsky, Otis
Elevator, Hamilton Sundstrand, and
Carrier)
• U.S. Army Research Labs
• IBM Research Center
• Local AE firms in NY
CAE Associates Training and Mentoring
![Page 9: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Seminars and Presentations
2010 Seminar: ―Advances in Simulation for the Engineering and
Construction Industry”
2011 Seminar: ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural
Designs”
NAFEMS World Congress 2011 - Boston
2012 ?
![Page 10: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Earthquake Analysis
“Are We Prepared? Assessing Earthquake Risk
Reduction in the United States”
— Chris Poland P.E., S.E., FSEAOC, NAE - Chairman and
CEO of Degenkolb Engineers– April 7, 2011 - Hearing
before the Innovation and Technology Subcommittee of the
House Science, Space, and Technology Committee on
earthquake preparedness.
— NO!
— Need better performance-based earthquake engineering
design tools
— Need to develop the use of state-of-art performance standards
for existing critical structures
![Page 11: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Seismic induced Collapses
![Page 12: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Progressive Collapse
SEI Disproportionate Collapse Standards and Guidance (DCSG) Committee meeting in Las Vegas April, 2011 – Meeting Minutes
![Page 13: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Current Technology can ..
Perform detailed nonlinear time history earthquake simulation
on 3d continuum models
Perform integrated same-time code checking
Reduced solution times using parallel processing
Automate the interpretation and enveloping of time history
results.
Explicitly model a progressive collapse simulation
![Page 14: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Types of Finite Element Analysis
Structural finite element analysis can include many advanced
types of analysis and features:
— Nonlinear: geometric, material, or element nonlinearities.
— Contact.
— Dynamics: modal, spectrum, harmonic, random vibrations.
— Buckling: linear and nonlinear.
— Submodeling.
— Substructuring.
— Optimization and sensitivity studies.
— Composites.
— Fracture mechanics.
— Probabilistic analysis.
— And combinations of all of the above.
![Page 15: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
What Finite Element Analysis Can Do
To achieve the goal of accurately predicting the behavior of a structure
subjected to loading, the following items must be included in the FEA
model and must closely represent the physical situation:
— Geometry.
— Loading and boundary conditions.
— Nonlinear effects, if required.
— Appropriate element type.
— Material properties, including nonlinear properties if required.
— Accurate mesh.
![Page 16: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Creation and Meshing of FEA Models
Wizards and Templates
Translation Software
Parametric Scripting
CAD Model Simplification
Simplified Modeling
![Page 17: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Templates for Automation
Standard and User Defined Sections & Wizards
Tri-cell box section definition
a1
p11
b1
a2
t 22 t 21
t 11
p21p22
s31
1
1
p121
11
t 31
hL
vL
y
z
vCL
hCL
hCU
vCU
t 41
vU vUr
hU hUr
a /20
vCUr
hCUr
hCLr
vCLr
![Page 18: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Example SAP to ANSYS Model Conversion
SAP2000
ANSYS Modal Analysis
y
z
SAP ANSYS
![Page 19: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Automated Geometry & Meshing from Scripts
Very Simple Freedom Tower Demo
Scripted Input using Parameters
Example Parameters:
— s_h=1776*12 ! Spire height
— t_h=1368*12 ! Tower height
— width=200*12 ! Width
— b_ht=65*12 ! Base Height
— sp_dia1=25 ! Spire Top Dia.
— sp_dia2=100 ! Spire Base Dia.
Change width to 500’
— One line edit
— Auto generate new model
Parameters can be:
— Geometry, Materials, Loads,
— Mesh, etc.
Optimization can be performed
— Minimize Wt meeting Strength & Displ. Criterion
![Page 20: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Automated Meshing From Script
![Page 21: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Interesting Fact: Static Displacement
Maximum displacement located at the perfect octagon shaped floor
![Page 22: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Shell Elements – Surface Extraction
Extract the surface bodies from the solid.
Mid-plane extraction tool
— Top and bottom surfaces of the shell are paired.
Thin Solid Surfaces
![Page 23: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Shell Elements – Shell Thickness
Shell element idealization of the thin solid structure as surface bodies.
Mid-plane extraction tool will determine and assign the thicknesses
automatically or the user can define them manually.
T=0.175
T=0.1
T=0.15T=0.125
T=0.175
T=0.2T=0.12
T=0.12
Uniform thicknesses
![Page 24: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Shell Elements – Variable Thickness
Mid-plane or offset sections are possible
Shell elements with thickness displayed
![Page 25: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Mid-Surface Tool
―Surface Extension‖ can be used to adjust geometry at the joints between
surface bodies (created after mid-plane operation).
Mid-Surface Tool Surface Extension Tool
![Page 26: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Solid-Shell Elements
Another option for modeling thin structures is the Solid-Shell approach.
The Solid-Shell element has the following characteristics:
— It has the geometry of an 8-noded brick element.
— It performs like a shell in bending with only one element through the thickness.
— It can be meshed with large aspect ratios
— Contact is automated based on external surfaces
![Page 27: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Method #1 – Forming Parts
Examples:
— Parts composed of bodies with a common sweep direction can be swept with
solid-shell elements.
Shared nodes in the T connection
![Page 28: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Method #1 – Forming Parts
Examples:
— T connections on parts composed of shell bodies present no problem for the
quad shell mesher.
Shared nodes in the T connections are visible in the mesh.
![Page 29: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Method #2 - Bonded Contact
Bonded contact is often the fastest and easiest method for defining part
connections:
— Dissimilar meshes across the interface can be used.
— Element types with different DOF can be connected via contact regions (no
extra consideration of the shell rotational DOF is needed when connecting to
solid elements).
— Contact regions in many cases are created automatically.
![Page 30: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Method #2 - Bonded Contact
Bonded contact can be automatically generated and used for:
— Solid to Solid connections (including Solid Shells)
— Solid to Shell connections (including Solid Shells)
— Shell to shell connections
Shell edge to
Shell surface
Shell edge to
Solid-Shell
Shell surface to
Solid-Shell
Solid-Shell to
Solid-Shell
![Page 31: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Meshing Approaches – Example Shells
Shell mesh with offset sections.
All elements connected with shared nodes
Extract mid-plane geometry
Shell mesh (with thickness shown)
![Page 32: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Meshing Approaches – Example Shells
Shell mesh: constant thickness surfaces assumed.
All elements connected with shared nodes
Extract mid-plane geometry
Shell mesh (with
thickness shown)
![Page 33: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Meshing Approaches – Example Solid-Shell
Solid-Shell mesh: accounts for variable part thickness.
Bonded contact used to connect adjacent surfaces.
Extract sweepable geometry
Solid-shell
mesh
![Page 34: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Advanced Material Modeling
Steel Structures
— Plasticity, Creep, Cyclic Loading, Fatigue, Fracture Mechanics, Ratcheting
Concrete Structures
— Cracking, Creep, Construction sequence
Soils
— Pore-Pressure DOF
— Cap Drucker Prager
— Mohr-Coulomb
— Hoek & Brown
— Seepage
— Slope Stability
— Initial Stress
Rubber / Plastics
— Hyperelastic
t
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
RuptureTftfffcr 4321
![Page 35: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Steel Plasticity / Fracture Mechanics
Plasticity Models
![Page 36: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Steel Plasticity / Fracture Mechanics
Fracture Mechanics
— Create both 2-D crack tip and 3-D crack front singular elements.
— Automated commands are available for pre- and post-processing.
— Crack Tip Elements: - The stress intensity factors are automatically computed
from a fit of the nodal displacements in the vicinity of the crack.
— Automated features for performing the J-integral calculation.
![Page 37: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Concrete Cracking
![Page 38: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Concrete Material
Advanced Concrete Modeling
![Page 39: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Concrete Cracking – Static Loading
![Page 40: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Reinforced Concrete
Types of Body Interactions
— Reinforcement
• Used to apply discrete reinforcement to solid bodies
— Line body elements scoped to the object, contained
within any solid body in the model, are converted to
discrete reinforcement elements / nodes
— Reinforcing beam nodes are constrained to stay at the
same parametric location within the solid element they
reside during element deformation
![Page 41: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Reinforced Concrete
Types of Body Interactions
— Reinforcement
![Page 42: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Reinforced Concrete
Plot Damage (User Defined Result)
— The range of DAMAGE will always lie between 0.0 and 1.0.
— DAMAGE = 0.0: material is entirely intact.
— DAMAGE = 1.0: material is completely damaged and cannot carry tension or
shear.
SC
![Page 43: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Elastomeric Bearing with Lead Plug
![Page 44: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
Elastomeric Bearing Detailed Model
Rubber(Hyperelastic)
Steel (Elastic)
Lead (Elastic Plastic)
![Page 45: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Elastomeric Bearing Detailed Model
Couple all nodes on
top face
Symmetry
![Page 46: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Elastomeric Bearing Detailed Model
Lateral Displacement
![Page 47: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Elastomeric Bearing Detailed Model
Force vs. Displacement @ Top of Bearing
— Increased magnitude of cyclic +/- displacement loops
Stress vs. Displ. in Rubber
![Page 48: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
Elastomeric Bearing Simplified Model
5 Beams (lead) and 5 Solids
(Rubber and Steel)
![Page 49: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Elastomeric Bearing Simplified Model
Couple Lead to Steel
![Page 50: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Elastomeric Bearing Simplified Model
Plastic Strain in Lead – Beam Model
![Page 51: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Elastomeric Bearing Simplified Model
![Page 52: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
Elastomeric Bearing Single Element Model
Single Truss Element
— Bilinear Isotropic Hardening Material Law
![Page 53: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Elastomeric Bearing Single Element Model
3D model ran in over 5000 sec’s / Single Element model ran in 75 sec’s
![Page 54: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
Detailed-to-Simplified Finite Element Model
![Page 55: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
Modeling Stick / Slip Connections
Contact Elements
— Beam-to-Beam
— Beam-to-Shell
— Shell-to-Shell
— Shell-to-Solid
— Solid-to-Solid
Lateral Resistance
— Friction and Cohesion
Applications
— Expansion Joints
— Soil-Structure Interaction
— Base Isolators
— Roller Bearings
— Bolted Connections
— Post-tensioning tendons
![Page 56: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Expansion Joints with Sliding Contact Model
Friction coefficient vs velocity
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.140
0.160
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
velocity
fric
tio
n c
oef
fici
ent
Friction coefficientvs velocity
3d Modeling Input
— Gap
— Friction
Surface mesh does not have to
match on joining surfaces
![Page 57: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Local Pin Pullout Model
Description of Assembly:
— Clevis assembly consists of an upper clevis with 2 lugs, a lower clevis with 3
lugs and a cylindrical pin. The geometry and mesh of the clevis assembly is
shown below:
Upper Clevis
Lower Clevis
Pin
![Page 58: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
Problem Description
Kinematic Assessment
— Sequential Loading
• Normal tension to yield pin
• Torque required to rotate pin 180 degrees
• Force required to remove the pin from the assembly
Rotate
Pin
Remove
Pin
![Page 59: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Problem Setup
The clevis assembly was created in CAD
Parameters were setup in CAD to control the dimensions of each feature
and enable parametric updates to the assembly.
CAD geometry and parameters are linked to FEA allowing for parametric
changes to be made within the FEA environment.
Pass CAD
geometry and
parameters into
FE Analysis
![Page 60: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Problem Setup
Analysis information is categorized in an outline tree.
The named bodies from CAD are imported along with their associated
parameters.
Contact pairs are automatically detected and created between bodies.
Bodies from CAD
Automatic Contacts
![Page 61: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Problem Setup
Meshing
— Mesh controls allow for:
• Automatic brick meshing of clevis without any geometry modifications (i.e. slicing).
• Bolt hole surface refinement
• Initial element size
• Higher order elements
Nodes = 25,967
Elements = 5,434
![Page 62: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
Supports
— The bottom surface of the lower clevis is held throughout the analysis with a
Fixed Support.
Problem Setup
Fixed Support
![Page 63: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
Problem Setup
Normal Load
— The upper clevis normal load
was imposed on the model with a
preloaded ―spring‖.
• The spring was used to maintain
the preload in the clevis during
the rotation.
• The spring spans between the
top of the upper clevis surface
and the centerline of the pin.
![Page 64: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
Pin rotation and extraction
— A Remote Displacement boundary condition was applied to the end surface of
the pin, which allowed for a translation and rotational displacement. The
specified values of displacement are input in a table.
Problem Setup
Remote
support
Remote support
values
![Page 65: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
Example Results (6x Displacement Scale)
40,000 lbs normal load
Equivalent Stress Accumulated Plastic Strain
After normal load is released (to 100 lbs)
Equivalent Stress Residual Deformation (vertical)
![Page 66: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
Foundation Sliding
One World Trade Center
— Simple Example
![Page 67: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Foundation Sliding
Soil – Foundation Interface modeled with contact elements
Static Pressure
All Sticking
![Page 68: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
Foundation Sliding
Contact elements – Seismic Response @ 5.9 seconds
Status Pressure
Sliding
![Page 69: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
1993►1st general-purpose parallel CFD with
interactive client-server user environment
2001 - 2003►Parallel dynamic moving/deforming mesh►Distributed memory particle tracking
A History of HPC Performance
1980
2010
1990► Shared Memory Multiprocessing for structural simulations
1994►Iterative PCG Solver Introduced for large structural
analysis
1999 - 2000►64bit large memory addressing►Shared memory multiprocessing (HFSS 7)
2004►1st company to solve 100M structural
DOF
2007 - 2008► Optimized performance on
multicore processors►1st One Billion cell fluids
simulation
2009►Ideal scaling to 2048 cores (fluids)►Teraflop performance at 512 core
(structures)►Parallel I/O (fluids)►Domain Decomposition introduced
(HFSS 12)
1998-1999►Integration with load management systems►Support for Linux clusters, low latency
interconnects►10M cell fluids simulations, 128 processors
2005 - 2006►Parallel meshing (fluids)►Support for clusters using Windows HPC
© 2008 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
1980’s► Vector Processing on Mainframes
1994 - 1995►Parallel dynamic mesh refinement and
coarsening►Dynamic load balancing
2005 -2007►Distributed sparse solver►Distributed PCG solver►Variational Technology►DANSYS released►Distributed Solve (DSO) HFSS 10
2000
1990
![Page 70: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
Product Design Challenges
![Page 71: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71
FEA Benchmark Problem
Bolted Flange with O-Ring
Nonlinear material properties
(Hyperelastic O-Ring)
Large Deformation
Nonlinear Contact
1 Million Degrees of Freedom
![Page 72: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72
High End Desktop Workstation
SuperMicro 4U Tower Black SATA 5.25
Bays 8 Hotswap EATX3 800W RPS
Dual Hex Core (12 cores total)
— Intel® XEON 5650 2.66GHz Processors
24 GB RAM
— (4) 6GB (3 x 2GB) – 1333MHz
DDR3/PC3-10600 – Non-ECC – DDR3
SDRAM – 240-Pin DIMM
Four 300GB Toshiba SAS 15,000 RPM
16MB 3.5IN drives in RAID 0.
One 500GB SATA Hard Drive for the
Operating System
Nvidia Quadro FX 1800 Video Card
LG DVD/RW
![Page 73: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73
FEA Benchmark Performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Solv
er
Spe
ed
Up
# Cores
Single Machine - SMP vs. MPP DSPARSE
SPARSE
DSPARSE
Example: 1.5 hrs vs. 9 hr single processor solution
![Page 74: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
GPU Computing
GPUs are an attached accelerator to an x86 CPU
— GPUs cannot operate without an x86 CPU present
— Attached via PCI Express Slots
Use of GPU acceleration is user-transparent
— Jobs launch and complete with no additional user steps
Schematic of a CPU with an attached GPU accelerator
— CPU begins/ends job, GPU manages heavy computations
Schematic of an x86 CPU with a GPU accelerator
- FEA job will launch on CPU
- During solver phase FP ops are
sent to GPU for processing
- GPU sends results back to CPU
-FEA job completes as normal
![Page 75: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
FEA Speedup with GPU Workstation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
4-Core 4-Core w/GPU 6-Core 6-Core w/GPU 8-Core 8-Core w/GPU
830
690
593
426411 390
FE
A T
ime
s in
Se
co
nd
s
Number of Cores and Tesla GPU
Xeon 5560 2.8 GHz Nehalem (Dual Socket) Xeon 5560 2.8 GHz Nehalem + Tesla C2050
Lower
Is
Better
49%
34%40%
![Page 76: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76
Large Scale Time History Results in a Day!
Compute Times on a Desktop Workstation
— 340,372 DOF & 6400 Cumulative Iterations
— 1.8x speed improvement with GPU and more processors
CPU Time 182 Hours 209 hours
Wall Clock 27.8 Hours 51 hours
GPU Accelerated
12 cores
No GPU -
7 cores
Share
Memory
![Page 77: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77
Dynamics Analysis
The more general form of equilibrium, referred to as dynamic equilibrium, can be expressed using the following equations:
These equations are time-dependent and represent the case where all structural forces are included to satisfy equilibrium. In this case, the applied loads are balanced by a combination of the inertia, damping, and elastic forces.
)(tuM
)(tuC
Inertial Forces
Damping Forces
tFtuKtuCtuM )()()(
![Page 78: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78
Dynamic Analysis Methods
Modal Analysis
— Pre-Stressed with linear perturbation
— Response Spectrum
— Random Vibrations
Harmonic Analysis
— Full and Mode Superposition
Rigid Body Dynamics
— Fixed, Revolute, Cylindrical, Translational, Universal, Spherical, Bushing Joints
Nonlinear Implicit Dynamics
— Time Domain, nonlinear geometry , nonlinear materials, contact
Nonlinear Explicit Dynamics
— Wave propagation, shock, impact, very large strains, plasticity, hyperelasticity,
material failure etc.
Fluid-Structure Interaction
— CFD – FEA or Explicit Dynamics
![Page 79: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79
Solvable Dynamics Problems
Modal (natural frequencies and mode shapes).
— Prestressed structures.
— Spectrum loadings.
Harmonic or frequency response.
— General loading conditions.
— Prestressed structures.
Transient dynamics.
— General loading conditions.
— Material nonlinearities.
— Geometric nonlinearities.
![Page 80: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80
Case Study
Example Concrete Arch Bridge Analysis
— Nonlinear Implicit Dynamics
— Detailed Analysis Sequence
— Example Analysis Results
— Example Design Evaluation
— Benchmark HPC Computing
![Page 81: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81
Brick / Shell / Beam Model
Brick
Shell
Beam
![Page 82: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
Boundary Conditions
Initially fixed large lumped mass
Base of bridge / piles couples to large mass
Gravity acceleration for static loading
Acceleration loads for earthquake applied to lumped
mass
![Page 83: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
83
Analysis Sequence
Fix lumped ―earth‖ mass in all directions
Apply gravity and initial conditions with time integration
turned off
Run two load steps to create zero velocity response
Turn on time integration effects
Convert fixed constraint to force loading by deleting
constraint and applying equal and opposite reaction
force loads
Apply acceleration history to large mass
![Page 84: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
84
Combined Damping
Contact Elements with Friction
Elastomeric Bearings
Mass Proportional (alpha)
Stiffness Proportional (Beta)
Numerical (Newmark or HHT for example)
![Page 85: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
85
Detailed Analysis Sequence
Earthquake Time History Input Motion
— Solution at each time point
-3.00E-01
-2.00E-01
-1.00E-01
0.00E+00
1.00E-01
2.00E-01
3.00E-01
4.00E-01
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Acc
lera
tio
n (g
's)
Time (seconds)
20 Second Earthquake Input of the 1940 Imperial Valley Earthquake
El Centro 1940 North - South Record
![Page 86: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
86
Example Displacement Response
![Page 87: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
87
Displacement Response History
-0.3
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 6.00E+00 8.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.20E+01 1.40E+01 1.60E+01 1.80E+01 2.00E+01
Dis
pla
cem
en
t (m
ete
rs)
Earthquake Time History (Seconds)
Bridge seismic displacment at deck center and abutment
Deck center - vertical
Deck center - along span
Deck center - transverse to span
Abutment - vertical
Abutment - along span
Abutment - transverse to span
![Page 88: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
88
What Information is Obtained?
Displacements, reactions, strains, stresses.
Maximum values, distribution over entire model.
Contour plots, path plots, vector plots.
Animations.
![Page 89: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
89
For Beams – Ex. Column Bending Moments
![Page 90: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
90
How do we deal with all this data?
Example: Brick Model Seismic analysis with 100,000 nodes and 1000 time
points
Displacements = 300,000,000 unique values
Component Stresses & Invariants = 900,000,000 unique values
Nodal Forces = 300,000,000 unique values at each node. No moments or
total section forces.
What do we do with this data?
How can we possibly efficiently use this data in design?
![Page 91: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
91
Existing Tools & Design Specs
Calculation Sheets
Spreadsheets
Experimental Data
None of these methods leverage detailed analysis data!
![Page 92: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
92
AASHTO Guide for Seismic Design
Analytical Methods
— Equivalent Static Analysis
— Elastic Dynamic Analysis
— Nonlinear Time History Method
Use the NL Time History Method When…
— Seismic isolation is present
— Comprehensive analysis method to consider inelastic behavior
— Structures with long periods or large damping ratios (effective
stiffness/damping inadequate)
![Page 93: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
93
Leveraging Advanced FE Models in Design
Envelope Results
— Perform Code Checks
• Check the section
• Check the amount of reinforcement
• Check buckling requirements, etc.
— Perform Design
• Compute amount of reinforcement required
Smart Combinations
— Scale factors on live on dead loads
Design of Experiments
— Develop design sensitivities
Design Optimization
— Example: Minimize weight while meeting design functions
Local Submodeling
— Example: Local plate buckling evaluation
![Page 94: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
94
Pseudo Shells for Design
n+1 n+1yi yi-1xi xi-1
x x i-1 y i-1d
i =2 i =2
N = dt d N = d 2 2
Automate the process of converting stresses to member forces and moments
![Page 95: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
95
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Convert 3D solid element results to shells
Integrates the stresses of prismatic sections and convert them into
forces and moments.
Converts 3D solid elements assuming a laminar structure into the
forces and moments needed to evaluate a code or standard
![Page 96: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
96
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Required input data: element and node components (no geometry
required)
![Page 97: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
97
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Nodes are used as a basis to create surface elements
Surface elements will be transformed into shell elements at centerline of
the section
![Page 98: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
98
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Illustrated nodes and shell elements generated from updated surface with
element shape turned on to illustrate shell thickness.
![Page 99: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
99
1 xy xz
G
i yx 2 yz
zx zy 3
= i = 1, Npts E T E
i i = C C
n+1 n+1yi yi-1xi xi-1
x x i-1 y i-1d
i =2 i =2
N = dt d N = d 2 2
n+1 n+1yi i yi-1 i-1xi i xi-1 i-1
x x i-1 y i-1d
i =2 i =2
ξ ξ ξ ξM = . dt = d M = d
2 2
n+1 n+1zyi zy i-1zxi zx i-1
zx zx i-1 zy i-1d
i =2 i =2
τ ττ τT = τ dt d T d
2 2
n+1xyi xy i-1
xy xy i-1d
i =2
τ τN = τ dt d
2
n+1 n+1
xyi i xy i-1 i-1zxi i zx i-1 i-1xy zx i-1 zx i-1
di =2 i =2
τ ξ τ ξτ ξ τ ξM = τ ξ dt d M = d
2 2
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Methodology - Theory
![Page 100: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
100
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Also valid for tetrahedral elements
![Page 101: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
101
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Solution Results and Design Results
![Page 102: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
102
Steel Area Requirements
![Page 103: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
103
Code Checking / Design Options
— Code checking• Checks the structure with initial amount
of reinforcement and shows the safety factor of each element.
— Code design• Checks the structure and multiplies the
scalable reinforcement until obtaining a safety factor (1/criterion) as closer as possible to 1.00.
![Page 104: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
104
Code Checking Capabilities
Steel Reinforce Concrete Seismic
Pre-Stress Concrete
![Page 105: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
105
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Postprocessing & Code Checking
— ACI 349 & ACI 359
— Wood Armer
— CEB-FIP method
— Orthogonal Directions method
— Most Unfavorable Direction method
![Page 106: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
106
Solid to Shell Data Mapping
Post-processing Tools
![Page 107: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
107
Concrete Interaction Diagram
![Page 108: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
108
Load Combinations
The most critical condition may occur when one or more loads are not
acting.
Example load combinations and the corresponding load factors can be
investigated:
![Page 109: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
109
Design of Experiments
A Design of Experiments, or DOE, method determines how many and
which design points should be solved for the most efficient approach to
optimization
![Page 110: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
110
Design Optimization
Do you want to:
— Minimize your Structures weight?
— Maximize column stiffness?
— Maximize girder spacing?
Design Optimization performs these tasks using:
![Page 111: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
111
Submodel Calculation
ARCH-TIE CONNECTION NODE:
![Page 112: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
112
Submodel Calculation
DIAPHRAGMS ON TIE CONNECTION:
![Page 113: Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural Designs · PDF file~ Structural Analysis — Linear and Nonlinear ... ―Accelerate Your Nonlinear Analyses for Structural ... SAP2000](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021421/5aaef4827f8b9a25088ce560/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
113
Summary
Better performance-based nonlinear engineering design analysis
tools exist today!
More robust solutions include 3d continuum models with material,
geometric and contact nonlinearities
Code checking can be integrated into a high fidelity analysis process
Leveraging multi-processors and graphics accelerator cards results
in faster throughput