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Slide 1BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF THE RAPIDEYE CONSTELLATION -PROGRESS AND PLANS
Andreas Brunn | BlackBridge CalVal
CALCON 2015 | Logan/UT
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Slide 2BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Outline
BlackBridge and the RapidEye System Absolute Calibration Campaigns Past and Current Campaigns Integrating resultsOutlook Integrating MOBY Buoy First results
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Slide 3BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
BLACKBRIDGE AND THE RAPIDEYE SYSTEM
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Slide 4BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
RapidEye Capacity Overview
Five-Satellite ConstellationEnables daily target revisit
Broad Area Collection77-km-wide sensor swath, ideal for large-area monitoring and mapping
Large Collection CapacityMore than 5 million km² collected daily
High Resolution Imaging5-meter resolution imagery
Multispectral Imaging5 spectral bands for improved feature discrimination
Extensive Imagery ArchiveMore than 6 billion km² of archived imagery
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Slide 5BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
The Satellite Constellation
No. of satellites: 5Orbit: Sun synchronousEquator crossing time: 11:00Orbits per day: 14.8 per satelliteNominal altitude: 630 kmSwath width: 77 kmImaging capacity: max. 1,500 km /orbitSystem image capture capacity: more than 5 million km²/day
Launch date: August 29, 2008
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Slide 6BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
The Spacecraft
Weight: 156.4 kg
Bus: 112.9 kg
Payload: 43.5 kg
Bus built by: SSTL (UK)
Payload built by: Jena Optronik (Germany)
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Slide 7BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Sensors Onboard the Satellites
Model: JSS56 Spaceborne ScannerDesign: TMA (Al mirror)Eff. focal length: 633 mmEntrance Pupil Ø: 147 mmf-number: 4.3CCD: Atmel (AT71544)Pixel Size: 6.5 mPixels per line: 12,000Camera dynamic range: 12-bit
Manufacturer: Jena Optronik, Germany
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Slide 8BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Products
Production System
GeoCloud
System Overview
5-spacecraft Constellation
Ground segment
Customer DDLS/X-Band data Up- / Downlink
Business operations
Customer
Imagery product processing
Mosaic product processing
Level 1BLevel 3ALevel 3B
Mosaics
Dissemination system
Acquisition plan Raw image data
OrderOrder
Reception schedule
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Slide 9BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION
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Slide 10BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Field Campaigns
Field Equipment Sun Photometer Line-of-Sight Photometer Wide Angle Photometer Field Spectrometer
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Slide 11BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Field Locations
Railroad Valley Dry Lake Bed Bright Homogeneous High Elevation
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Slide 12BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Field Locations
Brookings Prairie Dark Easily Accessible
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Slide 13BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Previous Vicarious Campaigns
Campaigns have been performed with the University of Arizona and South Dakota State University yearly since 2009. 2009-2010 Railroad Valley and Ivanpah Playa (2 sats., 10 collects) 2011 Railroad Valley (5 sats., 5 collects) 2012 Railroad Valley (5 sats., 25 collects) 2013 Brookings (5 sats., 9 collects) 2013 Railroad Valley (5 sats., 5 collects) 2014 Railroad Valley (5 sats., 10 collects) 2014 Brookings (5 sats., 12 collects) 2015 Continuing …
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Slide 14BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
INTEGRATION
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Slide 15BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Update Of Calibration Factors Early 2015
Involves: Absolute Calibration Results from all 2014 Collects Temporal Calibration Results (incl. discontinuity
correction) Spatial Calibration Results from Side Slither and
Dark Images
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Slide 16BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Percent Difference2.344%
Discontinuity Correction
• Both sections are corrected with the same temporal correction gain.
• The second, smaller section is multiplied by a discontinuity correction gain
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Slide 17BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Discontinuity Correction
Gaps are filled using mean values of the same time (months) of previous years adjusted using preliminary gains and offsets
Before DiscontinuityCorrection
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Slide 18BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Discontinuity Correction
After Discontinuity Correction
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Slide 19BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Discontinuity Correction
Approx. 2%sensitivity loss over the mission lifetime
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Slide 20BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
AbsCal Results
y = 16.674x - 3044.4R² = 0.9987
y = 15.84x - 2311.8R² = 0.9955
-1000
1000
3000
5000
7000
9000
11000
13000
15000
17000
19000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Gro
und*
100
TempAdj Received Sensor DN
2014
2015
ALL
Linear (2014)
Linear (ALL)
Brookings
Blue Band Example
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Slide 21BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
AbsCal Results
y = 12.013x - 1564.9R² = 0.9977
y = 11.657x - 1264.7R² = 0.9979
-1000
1000
3000
5000
7000
9000
11000
13000
15000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Gro
und*
100
TempAdj Received Sensor DN
2014
2015
ALL
Linear (2014)
Linear (ALL)
Brookings
NIR Band Example
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Slide 22BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
AbsCal Results
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Slide 23BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
WHAT‘S NEXT ...
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Slide 24BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
2015 Absolute Calibration
• Railroad Valley Site• Collaboration with University of Arizona• 1 image and simultaneous field collect for each spacecraft in 2015• Up to 100 Image takes with all satellites and reference data from the
automated calibration site between April 2015 and April 2016
• Brookings• Collaboration with South Dakota State University• Goal: 2 Image takes per SC with simultaneous field collects until End of
October 2015
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Slide 25BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
2015 Absolute Calibration
• MOBY Buoy• Method to use MOBY data for absolute calibration is
currently under development
• Results of campaigns are evaluated as they come in
• Final combined implementation is expected to be done when all reference information is available
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Slide 26BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Marine Optical Buoy
Located 20 km west Lanai HI
1200 m water depth
The MOBY Buoy
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Slide 27BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
The MOBY Buoy
Marine Optical Buoy Measures water leaving
radiance (-1m) Measures irradiance (+2.5m) NIST calibrated response
Brown et.al., SPIE 2007
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Slide 28BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Integration of the MOBY Site
Goal: Use MOBY bottom of atmosphere reflectance and irradiance data for validation of RapidEye imagery on the dark end of the brightness range.
Conditions: The station is moving Water turbidity is large Reflectance based method is limited by the wave
registration on the satellite imagery
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Slide 29BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Reflectance Based Validation
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Slide 30BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
First Results
ATCOR processing with 10km visibility:
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Slide 31BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
Aerosol Influence
ATCOR processing with 15km visibility:
It is crucial to find the right atmospheric conditions for the right results.
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Slide 32BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
MOBY Status and Outlook
RGB bands may be processed to reasonable values using high aerosol contents
NIR bands show consistently too high values water turbidity impede unlimited use of MOBY data for RapidEye
validation and calibration
Further steps: implement at-sensor radiation based validation check sunglint correction approaches
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Slide 33BlackBridge | www.blackbridge.com September 10, 2015
BlackBridge :: Delivering the World
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