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A Virtual International Authority File
Presentation by
Barbara B. Tillett, Ph.D.Chief, Cataloging Policy and Support Office
Library of Congress
to theGiornata di studio sul controllo di autorità nel
Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale
Nov. 22, 2002
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Objectives
• Facilitate sharing to reduce cataloguing costs to libraries, museums, archives, rights management agencies, etc.
• Simplify creation and maintenance of authority records internationally
• Enable users to access information in the language, script, form they prefer
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Authority control virtues
• “Precision” in searching• Syndetic structure of references to help
navigate (the variant forms of name/title/subject/etc.)
• Displays to collocate works• Links to forms used in particular
resources• Bring library catalogues into the mix of
tools available on the Web
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Projects to facilitate authority control on a global scale
• EU: AUTHOR Project, LEAF, <indecs>, INTERPARTY
• HKCAN• IFLA: MLAR, GARR, FRANAR• Dublin Core “Agents”• DELOS/NSF Working Group “Actors/Roles”• EAC (Encoded Archival Context)• CORC/Connexion• Unicode/Multiple Scripts• NACO/SACO for AACR2 and LSCH Users
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Interoperability
• Map different communication formats with Z39.50 protocols
• Crosswalks to the “MARCs” XML ONIX
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Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
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IFLA UBC authority principles
• Each country responsible for authority headings for its own personal and corporate authors
• National authority records available for everyone to use
• Same form and structure used worldwide
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New view of UBC
• User perspective - to display script/language(s) of one’s own country
• Bibliographic agencies still responsible for control in their own countries (or region/cataloguing rules/etc.)
• Link forms established in “national” or “regional” authority files to create a virtual international authority file
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Same Entity/Variant Scripts
Japanese
japanisch
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Entities
• Crosswalks and Mappings - not always 1-1 Examples of differences among
cataloguing rules•Ships•Events•Meetings of corporate bodies•Undifferentiated names
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Matching retrospective files
• One time project• Matching algorithms, such as those
developed by Ed O’Neill and others at OCLC
• Links Text strings Control numbers
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Programs to facilitate future authority work
• Automatic check of heading against existing local authority file
• If not found, automatic check against “virtual” international authority file
• Display found matches for editing or reference
• Insert authorized forms into local authority record for future link
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Switching for displays
Library defaultUser-selected preferences
Client set-up, “cookies,” or future method•Language•Script•Culture (country)/spelling
- Labor vs. Labour
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Standard Authority Numbers
• International Standard Authority Data Number ISAN INSAN ISADN National control numbers (LCCN, etc.)
• Unique, persistent
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Scenario 1
• Original cataloguing with match found for same entity in local authority file
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Scenario 1
Create bibliographic record
100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I
245 ‡a Piano concerto
Check local authority file
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Scenario 1
Corrects bibliographic record
100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡ d 1840-1893
245 ‡a Piano concerto
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Scenario 2 - Web launch
• Original cataloguing with no match found in local authority file
• Launches Web search of virtual international authority file Assumes response times/system
reliability will improve in future
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Scenario 2
Create bibliographic record
100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I
245 ‡a Piano concerto
Not found in local authority file.Checking VIAF.
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RUSMARC-recordМаркер: 00445nx 22001453 450001: 10326005: 20001108144619.0100: $a20001108arusy0103 ca200: 1$8rus$7ca$aЧайковский$bП. И.$f1840- 1893$gПетр Ильич$4070200: 1$8rus$7ba$aChajkovskij$bP. I.$f1840-1893$gPetr Il'ich$4070300: 0 $aРусский композитор, ученик А.Г. Рубинштейна.700: 1$310327$8rus$7ba$4070810: $aВсемирный биографический энциклопедический словарь. - М., 1998.801: 0$arus$brnb$c20001108
810: $aГАК РНБ.
Your search of the Virtual International Authority File found the following match:
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Scenario 2
Link authorities
100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter I
Create and Link? Yes
No
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700 1 ‡a Чайковский‡b П. И.‡d 1840-1893‡q Петр Ильич ‡0 ()10326 ‡2 ‡l rus
Automatically creates local authority record
010 ‡a n 79072979 040 ‡a DLC ‡b eng 100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡d 1840-1893 400 1 ‡a Chajkovskii, Petr Il’ich, ‡d 1840-1893
Cataloguer adds AACR2 form
with link
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Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Tchaikovsky(LC)n79072979
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Scenario 2
Corrects bibliographic record
100 1 ‡a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, ‡ d 1840-1893
245 ‡a Piano concerto
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Local system - User view
User’s cookie specifies Cyrillic/Russian preferred.
Display 700 form, building on local system’s authority structure
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Possible models - VIAF
• Distributed: independent authority files with Z39.50 search
• Linked: Z39.50 search on linked authority records (increases precision of search)
• Centralized: OAI, union authority file; metadata on server linked to authority files
• Central link: all authority files link to one
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Distributed - independent AF’s with Z39.50 access
SEARCH
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Distributed - independent AF’s with Z39.50 access
RETRIEVE
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Linked
SEARCH
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Linked
RETRIEVE
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Central Link
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Centralized - Union Authority File (OAI Model)
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VIAF Proof of ConceptDDB/LC/OCLC
LCNAF
DDB/PND
OCLC matching algorithms
Stage 1Retrospective Files Link
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VIAF Proof of ConceptDDB/LC/OCLC
LCNAF
DDB/PND
OAI
Server(s)
Stage 2Build OAI Server
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VIAF Proof of ConceptDDB/LC/OCLC
LCNAF
DDB/PND
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VIAF Proof of ConceptDDB/LC/OCLC
LC user
VIAF
LCNAF
ILS/Voyager
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VIAF Proof of ConceptDDB/LC/OCLC
OAI
Server(s)
Stage 3Ongoing maintenance
- Harvest metadata (OAI protocols)
LCNAFDDB/PND
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VIAF Proof of ConceptDDB/LC/OCLC
OAI
Server(s)
LCNAFDDB/PND
Stage 4End user interface- Unicode displays
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Semantic Web Building Blocks
End-user
A&I controlledvocabularies
(Library) authority files
Other controlled vocabularies
“Ontologies”
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Semantic Web Building Blocks
End-user
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Semantic Web Building Blocks
End-user
“Ontologies”
Web search engines
Digital world
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Future