International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
560 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
A STUDY ON ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON
EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY
G. Indhu mathi
Student, Department of Management Studies,
Sri Manakula Vinayagar College of Engineering and Technology – Pudhucherrry.
M. Thirumakkal
Student, Department of Management Studies,
Sri Manakula Vinayagar College of Engineering and Technology – Pudhucherrry
ABSTRACT
The goal of the study was to investigate the impact of stress on productivity of employees at
the Pothys boutique, a textile showroom. According to dean, stress related illness have been a leading
cause for low productivity levels in the work place. Immense pressure at work has led to stress which
makes it the number one factor that has lead to illness and dissatisfaction towards the organisation.
For this study Descriptive study was utilized, as the main goal was to find the impact of stress on
productivity in the organisation was concerned. Thus the study helped to elucidate descriptive
information on the impact of stress on employees at the Pothys boutique, and gave specific details
about the phenomena in question. Research was conducted within the frame work of the survey .The
sampling used for this study is stratified random sampling. The respondents in this study were the 80
employees at the Pothys boutique who were employed during the period of the study. Questionnaires
were designed and distributed to all the sections at the Pothys boutique.
From the results obtained it was evident that there were many stress factors that the
employees at Pothys boutique endured, and the enquiry proved that the impact of stress affected
productivity negatively .The fact that the majority of the employees thought that the organisation did
not care about them was a reflection of huge dissatisfaction that undoubtedly lowered productivity.
Keywords: Occupational Stress, Productivity, Employee, Impact, Pothys, Boutique Productivity
Levels.
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ISSN 0976-6502 (Print)
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Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572
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International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
561 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
INTRODUCTION
Occupational stress is stress involving work. Occupational stress is a major hazard for many
workers. Increased workloads, downsizing, overtime, hostile work environments, and shift work are
just a few of the many causes of stressful working conditions.
Occupational stress can affect your health when the stressors of the workplace exceed the
employee’s ability to have some control over their situation or to cope in other ways.
"Stress" when we feel that everything seems to have become too much - we are overloaded and
wonder whether we really can cope with the pressures placed upon us.
When we are stressed the following happens:
• Blood pressure rises
• Breathing becomes more rapid
• Digestive system slows down
• Heart rate (pulse) rises
• Immune system goes down
• Muscles become tense
• We do not sleep (heightened state of alertness)
Stress Factors
1. Lack of recognition & financial rewards 2. Inflexibility work hours
3. Personal issues 4. Work family conflicts
5. Low control over work environment 6. Livelihood facilities
7. Physical strain 8. Psychosocial risk factors
9. Career 10. Job burn out
Productivity Factors
1. Work Performance 2. Behavioral changes
3. Work engagement 4. Loss of productivity
5. Labour turn over
Objectives of the Study
• To study the stressful environment of employee in Pothys boutique
• To identify the impact of occupational stress on employee productivity
• To study the relationship between stress factors and employee’s productivity
• To analyze the major factors influence stress
• To suggest ways to reduce stress among employees & increase productivity
Effect on your body
• A tendency to sweat
• Back pain
• Chest pain
Effect on your behavior
• Eating too much
• Eating too little
• Food cravings
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
562 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
RESEARCH PROBLEM
This study is done to find out the occupational stress of the employees in the work place and
how it affects the productivity of the employees in “POTHYS BOUTIQUE”.
It has been noticed that the employees in textiles showroom has been undergoing the stress in
higher rate and has certain impact on productivity .Thus suggesting the organisation in which they
have to concentrate more and improve the necessary areas for reducing stress among employees in
organisation This study helps to know the importance of occupational stress in the textile showrooms.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Occupational stress factors are very important to be identified in an organisation and also the
factors that relate to increasing the effects of stress in the workplace. In addition to that the
occupational stress factors help us to identify the impact on productivity of employees, exploring
health protection, physical illness and psychological factors in the work place. This study helps the
organisation to know about the A. Stress of employees B. Impact of occupational stress over
productivity.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Field Work and Collection of Data
Primary Data
The primary data are collected from the employees of POTHYS BOUTIQUE CHENNAI
through a direct structured questionnaire.
Secondary Data
Company profiles, websites, magazines, articles, journals, etc were used widely as a support
to primary data.
Data Collection Tool
The data required for this study were collected from primary data and secondary data. The
primary data were collected mainly from the questionnaire.
Questionnaire
The questions were framed using the rating scale (Likert scale), Open ended questions, and
Closed ended questions. The questionnaire is designed based on three Factors
SECTION A: Personal Information Contains 11 Questions.
SECTION B: Stress Factors Contains 10 Parts & 47 Questions.
SECTION C: Productivity Factors Contains 5 Parts & 15 Questions.
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
563 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
The sampling technique used in this study is stratified random sampling, the strata are formed
based on members' shared attributes or characteristics. A random sample from each stratum is taken
in a number proportional to the stratum's size when compared to the population. These subsets of the
strata are then pooled to form a random sample. Here strata are each sections or floors in Pothys
boutique.
Population The total population size is 800 (employees working in Pothys boutique approximation)
Sample Size
The item selected from population constitutes the sample size. In this study, the Sample size
is 80 respondents (10 % of population).
Data Analysis
Table 1 :Demographic Profile of The Respondents
S.No Demographic variables Particulars No.of.respondants Percentage
1. Gender Female 42 52.5
Male 38 47.5
2. Age
15-20 15 18.8
21-30 57 71.3
30 above 8 10.0
3. Highest Level of Education
5th - 10th standard 29 36.3
10th-12th standard 36 45.0
Degree 11 13.8
None of the above 4 5.0
4. Home Town
Thiruvanamalai 13 16.3
Tirunelveli 6 7.5
Tutucorin 6 7.5
Thanjavur 18 22.5
Chennai 4 5.0
Others 33 41.3
5. Marital Status
Single/never been married 58 72.5
Married 18 22.5
Separated 4 5.0
6. Experience
0-12 months 29 36.3
1-5years 49 61.3
More than 8 years 2 2.5
7. Elder one No 56 70.0
Yes 24 30.0
8. Native
Urban 13 16.3
Sub urban 4 5.0
Rural 63 78.8
9. Source of Income No 31 38.8
Yes 49 61.3
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
564 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
CALCULATION OF OVERALL TOTAL SCORE FOR OCCUPATIONAL STRESS
Total Score
The total score using SPSS software is calculated by declaring a variable called Occupational
stress and all the 10 factors (47 Questions) are added using the symbol of addition. The five scale
rating is divided in to three scales rating by means of a table.
The total score obtained by adding all the 10 factors and averaging it, the average value lies in
the three scale values which help in identifying the level of stress using the 5 scale rating table.
Scale Rating Table Value
Table No: 2
Overall Total Score
The total score thus obtained by means of following the above step for all the 10 factors is
added and the average of all the total score is taken to find out the overall total score.
Overall total score= Total score for factor 1+ Total score for factor 2........factor 10)/100
In order to find out the level of stress the values has been divided into three categories (Low,
moderate, high). Here the overall total score thus obtained for rating scale calculation is 129.5 which
fall in between the value (47-141).From the above table value it is determined that the organisation
lies in the level of low stress.
Analysis on Factors of Occupational Stress versus Total Score of Productivity (Using Multiple
Regressions)
Table No: 4.3(A)
a. Predictors: (Constant), Job Burn Out, Work Hours, Career Enhancement, Livelihood Facilities,
Lack Of Recognition & Financial Rewards, Personal Issues, Psychosocial Risk Factors, Work Family
Conflicts, Physical Strain, Low Control Over Work Environment. The R column represents the value
of R the multiple correlation co efficient, R can be considered to be one measure of the quality of the
VALUE LEVEL
Value 47 - 141 (47*3) Low
Value 141 - 188 (47*4) Moderate
Above 188-235(47*5) High
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .780a .608 .551 9.46438
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
565 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
prediction of dependent variable. In this study, the R value 0.780a
indicates good level of prediction.
The R2
value 0.608 is called co efficient of determination, which is the proportion of variance in the
dependent variable that can be explained by the variable that can be explained by the independent
variable. From the value of R2
= 0.608 the independent variable (factors of stress in organisation)
explain 60.8% of the variability of dependent variables (productivity total score).
Table No: 4.3(B)
a. Dependent Variable: Productivity of Employees
b. Predictors: (Constant), Job Burn Out, Work Hours, Career Enhancement, Livelihood Facilities,
Lack Of Recognition & Financial Rewards, Personal Issues, Psychosocial Risk Factors, Work
Family Conflicts, Physical Strain, Low Control Over Work Environment.
The F ratio in the ANOVA table tests whether the overall regression model is a good fit for
the data. The table shows that independent variable statistically significant predict the dependent
variable (total score of productivity), F (10, 69) =10.709, p<0.05.
The regression model is good fit for the data.
Table No: 4.3(C)
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 11.456 5.554 2.063 .043
Lack Of Recognition & Financial
Rewards -.097 .303 -.032 -.319 .751
Work Hours -.222 .278 -.079 -.799 .427
Personal Issues .004 .525 .001 .008 .994
Work Family Conflicts .278 .416 .082 .668 .507
Low Control Over Work Environment 1.112 .468 .369 2.375 .020
Livelihood Facilities -.250 .305 -.085 -.821 .415
Physical Strain -.045 .448 -.015 -.101 .920
Psychosocial Risk Factors .718 .267 .319 2.687 .009
Career Enhancement 1.101 .399 .336 2.758 .007
Job Burn Out -.863 .415 -.178 -2.081 .041
a. Dependent Variable: Productivity of Employees
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression
Residual
Total
9592.349
6180.639
15772.988
10
69
79
959.235
89.574
10.709 .000b
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
566 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
The general form of equation to predict the agreement rating total score is
Productivity total score=11.456 - (0.097*Lack of Recognition & Financial Rewards) - (0.222*
Inflexibility Work Hours) + (0.004* Personal Issues) + (0.278* Work Family Conflicts) + (1.112*
Low Control Over Work Environment) - (0.250*Livelihood Facilities) - (0.045*Physical Strain) +
(0.718*Psychosocial Risk Factors) + (1.100824*Career Enhancement) - (0.863*Job Burn Out)
Table No: 4.3(D)
From the above table it is found that Low Control over Work Environment is the major factor
influencing the dependent variable productivity of the employee.
Analysis of Respondents Native versus Occupational Stress (Using One Way Anova)
Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant relationship between native and occupational stress
Ha: There is a significant relationship between native and occupational stress
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
Table No: 4
ANOVA
Occupational Stress
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 998.431 2 499.215 .500 .609
Within Groups 76935.519 77 999.163
Total 77933.950 79
Inference
The p value 0.609 which is greater than 0.05.Therefore Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected.
There is no significant relationship between native and occupational stress
Analysis of Respondents on Age, Education and Occupational Stress (Using Two Way Anova)
FACTORS REGRESSION RANK
Low Control Over Work Environment 0.369 I
Career Enhancement 0.336 II
Job Burn Out 0.178 III
Psychosocial Risk Factors 0.319 IV
Livelihood Facilities 0.085 V
Work Family Conflicts 0.082 VI
Inflexibility Work Hours 0.079 VII
Lack Of Recognition & Financial Rewards 0.032 VIII
Physical Strain 0.015 IX
Personal Issues 0.001 X
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
567 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant difference between age education and occupational stress
Ha: There is significant difference between age education and occupational stress.
Testing Hypothesis
Table No: 5 Between-Subjects Factors
Value Label N
Age
1 15-20 15
2 21-30 57
3 30 above 8
Highest level of education
1 Less than 5th
standard 0
2 5th - 10th standard 29
3 10th-12th standard 36
4 Degree 11
5 None of the above 4
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Occupational Stress
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 12453.754a 8 1556.719 1.688 .116
Intercept 365858.775 1 365858.775 396.700 .000
age 2261.056 2 1130.528 1.226 .300
education 1511.582 3 503.861 .546 .652
age * education 3964.289 3 1321.430 1.433 .240
Error 65480.196 71 922.256
Total 1414896.000 80
Corrected Total 77933.950 79
a. R Squared = .160 (Adjusted R Squared = .065)
Inference
A two way between group analysis of variance was conducted to explore the impact of age
and education on occupational stress. Participants were divided into three groups according to their
age (GROUP 1:15-20 years, GROUP 2: 21-30 years, GROUP 3: 30 above). The interaction affect
between age and education was statistically significant F (2, 3) =1.44, P=0.240.
There is no significant difference between age, education and occupational stress. There is no
significant difference between intercept of age, education and occupational stress. The p value 0.240
is greater than 0.05. Thus H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected.
Analysis of Respondents Elder One versus Total Score of Occupational Stress (Using
Independent Samples Test)
Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant difference between elder one and occupational stress
Ha: There is significant difference between elder one and occupational stress
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
568 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
Testing Hypothesis Group Statistics
Elder one N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Occupational Stress No 56 131.7679 31.85877 4.25731
Yes 24 123.4583 30.18059 6.16059
Table No: 6
Inference
The p value 0.281 which is greater than 0.05.Therefore H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected.
There is no significant difference between elder son/daughter and occupational stress.
Analysis of Opinion of Respondents Regarding Gender versus Total Score of Occupational
Stress (Using Independent Samples Test)
Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant difference between gender and occupational stress
Ha: There is significant difference between gender and occupational stress
Testing Hypothesis
Table No: 7 Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interval of
the Difference
Lower Upper
Occupational
Stress
Equal variances
assumed 15.695 .000 -.465 78 .643 -3.28571 7.06714 -17.35531 10.78388
Equal variances
not assumed -.456 64.164 .650 -3.28571 7.20089 -17.67044 11.09901
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Occupational
Stress
Equal variances
assumed .277 .600 1.086 78 .281 8.30952 7.65429 -6.92900 23.54805
Equal variances
not assumed 1.110 45.841 .273 8.30952 7.48849 -6.76544 23.38448
Group Statistics
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Occupational Stress Female 42 127.7143 25.29368 3.90290
Male 38 131.0000 37.30372 6.05146
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
569 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
Inference
The p value 0.650 which is greater than 0.05.Therefore H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected.
There is no significant difference between gender and occupational stress.
Analysis of respondents regarding primary income to family versus total score of occupational
stress (using independent samples test)
Hypothesis H0: There is no significant difference between Primary income to family and occupational stress.
Ha: There is significant difference between Primary income to family and occupational stress
Testing Hypothesis Group Statistics
Primary income to
family N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Occupational Stress No 31 116.7097 32.57831 5.85124
Yes 49 137.2245 28.17450 4.02493
Table No: 8 Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Occupational
Stress
Equal variances
assumed 1.523 .221 -2.985 78 .004 -20.51481 6.87212 -34.19615 -6.83347
Equal variances
not assumed -2.889 57.115 .005 -20.51481 7.10190 -34.73551 -6.29412
Inference
The p value 0.04 which is lesser than 0.05.Therefore H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. There
is significant difference between Primary income to family and occupational stress.
Analysis of respondents relationship between total score of occupational stress versus total
score of productivity (using correlation)
Table No: 9
Correlations
Occupational Stress Productivity of
Employees
Occupational Stress
Pearson Correlation 1 .644**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 80 80
Productivity of Employees
Pearson Correlation .644**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 80 80
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
570 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
Inference
From the above table it is inferred that the correlation between the total score of occupational
stress and total score of productivity were strongly positively correlated, the value is 0.644
Analysis of Respondents Relationship between Occupational Stress Versus Productivity (Using
Correlation)
Table No: 10 Productivity /
Stress factors
Work
performance
Behavioral
changes
Work
engagement
Loss of
productivity
Labour turn
over
Lack of recognition 0.212 -0.062 0.287 0.284 0.432
Inflexibility in work hours 0.262 0.131 0.061 0.201 0.192
Personal issues 0.170 0.242 0.122 0.160 0.208
Work family 0.315 0.301 0.326 0.113 0.410
Work environment 0.366 0.344 0.590 0.583 0.574
Livelihood 0.273 0.00 0.439 0.317 0.356
Physical strain 0.458 0.383 0.391 0.437 0.513
Psychosocial 0.370 0.294 0.509 0.534 0.550
Careers 0.413 0.427 0.563 0.445 0.528
Job burnout 0.038 -0.087 0.120 0.304 0.110
Inference
From the above table it is inferred that a Pearson product – moment correlation trend on
individual finding are to occupational stressors and its impact.
The relations between,
Work environment and Work engagement are Strong Positively Correlated were r=0.590,
Work family and Behavioral changes are Moderate Positively Correlated were r=0.301, Personal
issues and Work Performance are Weak Positively Correlated were r=0.170, Lack of recognition
and Behavioral changes are Strong Negatively Correlated were r=- 0.062, Job burnout and
Behavioral changes are Moderate Negatively Correlated were r=-0.087.
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Occupational stress is the important factor in the organisation, it has the impact on
productivity. Positive stress can improve the organizational effectiveness and efficiency. In view of
the above findings and implications, the following suggestions can be made.
Low control over work environment
• Superior has to maintain a coordinal relationship with employees, so that the job satisfaction and
work environment can be changed.
• Control over work environment has a correlation (relationship) between each other, so necessary
steps have to be taken
Career Enhance Enhancement
• Employees looking for career enhancement and promotions
International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 560-572 © IAEME
571 G.Indhu Mathi & M.Thirumakkal, “A Study on Role of Occupational Stress on Employees Productivity” – (ICAM 2015)
Job Burnout
• Employees are facing the job burnout in higher rate, so necessary steps have to be taken to
change the attitude of employees.
• If the employees is the primary source of income to his family it makes occupational stress.
• Special care and attention should be taken for overcoming the stress for those employees.
Personal Factors
• Work family conflict and behavioral changes are correlated with each other.
• Employees facing difficulty in balancing work life and personal life, necessary steps have to be
taken to overcome those difficulties.
• First son / daughter among the employees are higher, special attention to be given to those in the
basis of emergency leave and financial support.
To maintain stability in following factors
• Financial reward system, working hours, and performance.
• Fun activities can be conducted in non seasonal times.
• Physical strains have to be avoided and job routine can be offered.
CONCLUSION
Occupational stress is one of the major health hazards of the modern workplace, it accounts
for much of the physical illness, substance abuse, and family problems experienced by workers. Also,
occupational stress and stressful working conditions have been linked to low productivity,
absenteeism, and increased rates of accidents on and off the job. From this study it is concluded that
the occupational stress in the organization is low.
The existing method of having a control over environment by the supervisors is the
influencing factor which affects the work engagement. The income level of an employee affects on
occupational stress .Special attention has to be given to the employee who is the first son/daughter of
the family since they faces stress in higher rate compared to another employees. Standing for long
hours makes the employee into stress, remedies has to be taken to make the job rotations. Employees
are undergoing psychosocial issues innovative measures can eradicate the problems and can increase
the productivity.
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