A statistical framework elaborated by MEDIA Salles
Talk by Elisabetta Brunella, Secretary General, MEDIA Salles
CINEMA-GOING IN EUROPE
FOCUS ON MULTIPLEXES
25 February 2004
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
www.mediasalles.it
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Var % 98/02
97 597 97 431 94 485 106 183 101 346 3,8%
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND MEDITERRANEAN RIM
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Var % 95/02
Var % 98/02
682 883 732 922 787 352 845 659 833 991 867 314 957 962 966 833 41,6% 14,3%
WESTERN EUROPE
1998 2002 Var % 98/02 943 256 1 068 179 13,2%
TOTAL
Admissions in Europe (x 1 000)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Admissions in the US(millions)
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Var. % 95/02
Var.% 00/02
USA 1 262,6 1 338,6 1 387,7 1 480,7 1 465,2 1 420,8 1 487,3 1 639,3 29,8% 15,4%
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002var% 02/95
var% 02/00
Western Europe 19 560 20 391 21 507 22 717 24 075 25 003 25 864 26 573 35,9% 6,3%
Central and Eastern Europe and Mediterranean Rim
4 539 4 218 4 276 4 355 4 452 4 379 4 701 4 784 5,4% 9,2%
TOTAL 24 099 24 609 25 783 27 072 28 527 29 382 30 565 31 357 30,1% 6,7%
Number of screens in Europe
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Number of screens in the US
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Var % 95/02
Var% 00/02
USA 27 805 29 690 31 640 34 186 37 185 37 396 36 764 35 280 +27% -5,7%
Number of theatres in the US (by number of screens)
Total number of Theatres in 2002 6 050
24%
8%28%
40%
Single screen 2-7 screens (Miniplex)
8-15 screens (Multiplex) 16 or more screens (Megaplex)
2001 2002 Var. % 02/01
Single screen 2 280 1 682 -26,2%
2-7 screens (Miniplex) 2 901 2 457 -15,3%
8-15 screens (Multiplex) 1 458 1 437 -1,4%
16 or more screens (Megaplex) 431 474 10,0%
Source: MPAA
Multiplexes in Europe – number of screens(as at 31st October)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 >16 Total2000 1 256 1 053 1 030 429 912 208 560 270 128 473 6 3192001 1 456 1 233 1 200 528 1 104 312 616 300 192 633 7 5742002 1 576 1 395 1 420 649 1 212 351 714 300 320 756 8 6932003 1 736 1 485 1 480 759 1 320 377 840 345 368 794 9 504
Var% 03/02
10,2% 6,5% 4,2% 16,9% 8,9% 7,4% 17,6% 15,0% 15,0% 5,0% 9,3%
Number of screens
Multiplexes in Europe – number of sites(as at 31st October)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 >16 Total2003 217 165 148 69 110 29 60 23 23 40 884
Number of screens
Multiplexes in Western Europe: concentration of admissions1998
A . . 48,47% 54,17% 64,12%
B 68,21% 73,30% 75,05% 74,35% 75,90%
CH 5,27% . 11,33% 14,00% 13,75%
D 29,36% 32,80% 37,52% 39,74% 39,60%
DK 16,78% 16,71% 24,97% 27,55% 30,07%
E 29,82% 37,68% 47,56% 53,39% 59,72%
F 30,75% 36,18% 41,15% 45,16% 47,48%
FIN . 30,10% 36,99% 37,76% 34,84%
GR . . . . c. 45,1%
I 4,32% 7,48% 13,28% 16,95% 22,92%
IRL . . 44,96% . .
L 79,74% 80,95% 78,76% 76,05% 75,04%
N 20,61% 21,09% c. 21% 20,65% 20,19%
NL 8,89% 11,30% 15,22% 20,23% 23,34%
S 37,90% 38,60% 31,64% 37,84% .
20021999 2000 2001
Trend of number of screens in multiplexes in Europe
Screens located in multiplexes (sites with at least 8 screens) continuously increase, but with a decreasing rate both in Western and in Central and Eastern Europe.
The growth of screens, especially of those located in multiplexes with 9 and 10 screens and in megaplexes (sites with at least 16 screens), is slowing down.
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
1999 2000 Var%
00/99
2001 Var%
01/00
2002 Var%
02/01
2003 Var%
03/02
8 screens 1032 1208 17,1% 1376 13,9% 1448 5,2% 1584 9,4%
9 screens 819 1026 25,3% 1179 14,9% 1314 11,5% 1395 6,2%
10 screens 710 950 33,8% 1070 12,6% 1260 17,8% 1310 4,0%
11 screens 319 407 27,6% 473 16,2% 583 23,3% 693 18,9%
12 screens 768 888 15,6% 1056 18,9% 1140 8,0% 1236 8,4%
13 screens 156 182 16,7% 286 57,1% 312 9,1% 338 8,3%
14 screens 434 518 19,4% 588 13,5% 686 16,7% 798 16,3%
15 screens 210 270 28,6% 300 11,1% 300 - 345 15,0%
>=16 screens 476 601 26,3% 805 33,9% 1056 31,2% 1142 8,1%
Total 4924 6050 22,9% 7133 17,9% 8099 13,5% 8841 9,2%
Multiplexes in Western Europe: Number of screens (as at 31st October)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
2000 2001 Var%
01/00
2002 Var%
02/01
2003 Var%
03/02
8 screens 48 80 66,7% 128 60,0% 152 18,8%
9 screens 27 54 100,0% 81 50,0% 90 11,1%
10 screens 80 130 62,5% 160 23,1% 170 6,3%
11 screens 22 55 150,0% 66 20,0% 66 -
12 screens 24 48 100,0% 72 50,0% 84 16,7%
13 screens 26 26 - 39 50,0% 39 -
14 screens 42 28 -33,3% 28 - 42 50,0%
15 screens 0 0 - 0 - 0 -
>=16 screens 0 20 - 20 - 20 -
Total 269 441 63,9% 594 34,7% 663 11,6%
Multiplexes in Central, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean Rim:
Number of screens (as at 31st October)
In major markets, the countries with the highest density of screens in multiplexes are Great Britain (59,2%) and Spain (45,8%).
The analysis of the situation of the number of screens during the years shows that the percentage on the total of: the number of screens in sites with 8 or more screens grows, but
with decreasing rates in the last three years; the percentage of screens in multi-screens cinemas shows a small
but constant decrease; the percentage of screens in single-screens cinemas records the
greatest flexion.
Density of screens in multiplexes in the major markets
Density of screens in multiplexes
6,6%
17,1%20,3% 23,1% 25,2% 25,4%
35,4%31,8%
21,4%
13,2%10,5%6,7% 9,9%
40,9%45,8%
7,7%
21,6%17,3%
24,3%
15,2%12,4%9,9%7,1%6,5%
26,3% 28,2%
7,4%4,4%3,1%2,2%0,4%
16,3%12,0%
56,2%53,9%51,0%46,3%
38,9%30,9%
27,6%27,3%
24,5%25,1%
59,2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Scre
ens
in m
ulti
plex
es(%
of t
he to
tal n
umbe
r of s
cree
ns)
D E F I UK
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
0,2% 0,2%
-10,8%
26,2%
57,9%
-0,9% -1,5%0,8%1,7%
-2,0% -2,5%
1,7%-1,0% -1,0%
10,7%
-2,2%-0,7%
-1,1%0,1%-0,7%
0,1%-0,8%
8,9%
-4,1%
7,7%10,8%8,6%
30,9% 29,9%
16,0%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Perc
enta
ge v
aria
tions
Number of screens in cinemas with 1 screen
Number of screens in cinemas with 2-7 screens
Number of screens in cinemas with 8 screens or more
Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – France
(percentage variation)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – Spain
(percentage variation)
-6,6%0,3%
66,9%
37,5%
88,3%
66,4%
-2,1%-7,4%-8,4% -0,2%
-7,0%-3,0% 1,8%
-0,2%
-6,2%
-1,7%14,2% 11,2% 16,7%
21,6%11,5% 6,9%
-4,5%
4,5%19,4%
71,1%
13,4% 14,3%
21,8%17,9%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Perc
enta
ge v
aria
tions
Number of screens in cinemas with 1 screen
Number of screens in cinemas with 2-7 screens
Number of screens in cinemas with 8 screens or more
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – Italy
(percentage variation)
1,5%
72,4%
46,0%
-5,4%
2,9% 1,0%
-1,3%3,4% -3,9% 2,7%
-4,1%
3,7%13,1%
0,4%
22,0%
2,8%
53,4%
20,4%13,3%
20,0%
73,6%
52,4%51,9%
-10%0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Per
cent
age
vari
atio
ns
Number of screens in cinemas with 1 screen
Number of screens in cinemas with 2-7 screens
Number of screens in cinemas with 8 screens or more
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – United Kingdom
(percentage variation)
0,5%2,0%
11,7%
-16,2%
0,9%
-11,7%
14,0%
-2,1%
0,3% 5,0%
1,2%
6,0%
-0,4%-3,5%
0,9%-0,3%
10,2%
11,4%13,7%
19,2%
5,6%
19,3%
-2,7%
29,9%
42,5%
20,4%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Per
cent
age
vari
atio
ns
Number of screens in cinemas with 1 screen
Number of screens in cinemas with 2-7 screensNumber of screens in cinemas with 8 screens or more
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Trend of number of admissions in multiplexes
The density of screens in multiplexes determines in all Countries a concentration of admissions which is more than proportional in those kind of sites and this mainly happens in Belgium, Luxemburg, Austria and Spain
In some countries the number of admissions per seat obtained in multiplexes is strongly higher to that recorded
in other cinemas.
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Density of screens
Con
cent
ratio
n of
adm
issi
ons B
E
L
A
FD
NLI
D
N
Concentration of admissions and density of screens in multiplexes - 2002
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Number of admissions per seat in multiplexes and other cinemas - 2002
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
Admissions per seat in multiplexes
Adm
issi
ons
per
seat
in o
ther
cin
emas
NS
NL
L
F
DK
B
E
D
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Trend of number of admissions in multiplexes
Admissions in multiplexes grow with fluctuations during the years, depending on the situation of cinema-going, at a loss of other cinemas.
However, the average number of admissions per screen tends to decrease (with a sensitive flexion, in particular during the last year) not only in single-screen and in multi-screen cinemas but also in multiplexes, sometimes more than in other cinemas.
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Trend of number of admissions in multiplexes
It must be underlined that also the average number of admissions per cinema tends to decrease; this shows that the high number of screens in a multiplex is not sufficient in itself to guarantee an increase in admissions at an overall level of cinemas.
Not ensuring is, at the same way, also the situation of the average
number of admissions per seat in multiplexes that, for instance, in Belgium decreased by 6,7% during the last year.
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Italy
0
20 000 000
40 000 000
60 000 000
80 000 000
100 000 000
120 000 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total admissions Admissions in multiplexesAdmissions in other cinemas
-12,5% -1,0%+ 7,9%
+6,3%
+ 51,3% +75,9%+37,7
+43,7
-15,4%-7,2% +3,3 -1,4%
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per screen in multiplexesAdmissions per screen in other cinemas
-0,7%+ 1,3%
-20,1% -1,6%
-20,9% -7,8% + 3,1% -3,5%
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
700 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per cinema - multiplexesAdmissions per cinema - other cinemas
+0,9%+0,5%
-17,4% -3,3%
-19,0% -5,0% +6,9% -2,8%
Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01
Multiplexes:
Admissions 51,3% 75,9% 37,7% 43,7%
Admissions per screen -0,7% 1,3% -20,1% -1,6%
Admissions per cinema 0,9% 0,5% -17,4% -3,3%
Other cinemas:
Admissions -15,4% -7,2% 3,3% -1,4%
Admissions per screen -20,9% -7,8% 3,1% -3,5%
Admissions per cinema -19,0% -5,0% 6,9% -2,8%
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Italy
(percentage variation)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - France
0 20 000 000 40 000 000
60 000 000 80 000 000
100 000 000 120 000 000 140 000 000
160 000 000 180 000 000 200 000 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total admissions Admissions in multiplexesAdmissions in other cinemas
-9,7% +8,1%+12,0%
-0,7%
-16,8% -0,3% +4,3% -4,9%
+6,2%+22,9%
+4,4+22,9%
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per screen in multiplexesAdmissions per screen in other cinemas
+10,8% + 6,0%
+10,9% -3,1%
-22,2% +0,5% +4,4% -2,7%
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
700 000
800 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per cinema - multiplexesAdmissions per cinema - other cinemas
-16,6%+6,8%
+9,6% -2,9%
-16,4% +0,5% +3,6%-2,6%
Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01
Multiplexes:
Admissions 6,2% 22,9% 22,9% 4,4%
Admissions per screen 10,8% 6,0% 10,9% -3,1%
Admissions per cinema -16,6% 6,8% 9,6% -2,9%
Other cinemas:
Admissions -16,8% -0,3% 4,3% -4,9%
Admissions per screen -22,2% 0,5% 4,4% -2,7%
Admissions per cinema -16,4% 0,5% 3,6% -2,6%
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – France
(percentage variation)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Spain
0
20 000 000
40 000 000
60 000 000
80 000 000
100 000 000
120 000 000
140 000 000
160 000 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total admissions Admissions in multiplexesAdmissions in other cinemas
+17,1% +3,1%
+ 8,4% -4,2%
+ 48,0%
+30,1%
+21,7%
-17,2%
+4,0%-13,3%
-3,6%
+7,2
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per screen in multiplexesAdmissions per screen in other cinemas
-11,1%
+ 10,4%
-0,1%
-10,2%
+7,2%-13,7% + 0,0%
-15,5%
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per cinema - multiplexesAdmissions per cinema - other cinemas
-13,2%+10,0% +3,3% -4,6%
+4,9% -9,7% +2,6% -13,1%
Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01
Multiplexes:
Admissions 48,0% 30,1% 21,7% 7,2%
Admissions per screen -11,1% 10,4% -0,1% -10,2%
Admissions per cinema -13,2% 10,0% 3,3% -4,6%
Other cinemas:
Admissions 4,0% -13,3% -3,6% -17,2%
Admissions per screen 7,2% -13,7% 0,0% -15,5%
Admissions per cinema 4,9% -9,7% 2,6% -13,1%
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Spain
(percentage variation)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Germany
0
20 000 000
40 000 000
60 000 000
80 000 000
100 000 000
120 000 000
140 000 000
160 000 000
180 000 000
200 000 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total admissions Admissions in multiplexesAdmissions in other cinemas
+0,1%+2,4%
+ 16,6%-7,9%
-4,8% -4,8%
+12,5-7,7%
+11,8% +17,1% +23,6% -8,2%
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per screen in multiplexesAdmissions per screen in other cinemas
-10,4% + 0,1%
+12,9%-10,3%
-5,5% -4,1% + 15,5% -8,9%
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per cinema - multiplexesAdmissions per cinema - other cinemas
-12,2% -1,1%+12,9%
-10,3%
-0,8% -3,0% +17,3% -9,6%
Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01
Multiplexes:
Admissions 11,8% 17,1% 23,6% -8,2%
Admissions per screen -10,4% 0,1% 12,9% -10,3%
Admissions per cinema -12,2% -1,1% 12,9% -10,3%
Other cinemas:
Admissions -4,8% -4,8% 12,5% -7,7%
Admissions per screen -5,5% -4,1% 15,5% -8,9%
Admissions per cinema -0,8% -3,0% 17,3% -9,6%
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Germany
(percentage variation)
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Belgium
0
5 000 000
10 000 000
15 000 000
20 000 000
25 000 000
30 000 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Total admissions Admissions in multiplexesAdmissions in other cinemas
-13,9%+7,7% + 2,1% +1,4%
-27,7% +0,6% +4,9% -4,7%
-7,4%+10,2% +1,1
+3,6%
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per screen in multiplexesAdmissions per screen in other cinemas
-8,3%+ 9,2%
-9,0% -3,7%
-25,8%+1,7% +14,1%
-5,8%
0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Admissions per cinema - multiplexesAdmissions per cinema - other cinemas
-7,4%+10,2%
-10,1% +3,6%
-25,8% +0,6% +18,9%
-7,4%
Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01
Multiplexes:
Admissions -7,4% 10,2% 1,1% 3,6%
Admissions per screen -8,3% 9,2% -9,0% -3,7%
Admissions per cinema -7,4% 10,2% -10,1% 3,6%
Admissions per seat -7,2% -3,2%
Other cinemas:
Admissions -27,7% 0,6% 4,9% -4,7%
Admissions per screen -25,8% 1,7% 14,1% -5,8%
Admissions per cinema -25,8% 0,6% 18,9% -7,4%
Admissions per seat 21,1% -6,7%
Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Belgium
(percentage variation)
The possibilities of a further development of multiplexes
The multiplexes’ ability in generating more spectators in the future seems uncertain in the countries with a highest density.
In the hypothesis of a small or null growth of the frequency per capita and of the total admissions, multiplexes’ effectiveness can result sensitively reduced.
MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
A possible solution might be, on the example of the American pattern, that of increasing the megaplexes’ number at a loss of multiplexes, searching for a greater effectiveness at cinemas’ level.
Considering the difference with the American market (that presents an annual frequency per capita of 5,8), it seems interesting to widen the knowledge of multiplexes’ effectiveness, with specific statistics on the costs’ divisions, on the admissions by type of film and on the audience’s characteristics, to verify the
existence of an effective competitive advantage. MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government
The possibilities of a further development of multiplexes
Cinema exhibition in Western Europe and in the US
Europa U.S.A.
01/2002 01/2003 Var. % 01/2002 01/2003 Var. %
N. of cinemas 14 584 14 726 1,0% 7 070 6 050 -14,4%
N. of multiplexes 745 836 12,2% 1889 1911 1,2%
of which:
8 -15 screens 694 777 12,0% 1458 1437 -1,4%
>=16 screens 51 59 15,7% 431 474 10,0%
Admissions (x 1 000 000)
958 967 0,9% 1 487 1 639 10,2%
Admissions per screen
37 027 36 325 -1,9% 40 455 46 465 14,9%
Admissions per cinema
65 686 65 655 0,0% 210 368 270 959 28,8%