A Road Map for the Metering:
The Way Forward
P.K. Kognolkar
C P R I
CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTECENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Topics covered� History Electricity meter� Static Meters� Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) systems� Beyond AMR – AMI/AMM/Smart Metering � Standardization issues� Present status� Conclusion� CPRI’s activities in AMR
Brief History� The metering concept started from the day one of using
electricity- as any thing in business is to be quantified with quality and sold – dates back to 1870.
� 1885:Galileo Ferraris makes a key discovery that two out of phase AC fields can make a solid armature rotate - development of induction-type motors & watt-hour meters.
� Continuous improvement in electromechanical meters –single phase and polyphase till late 1980
Brief History (contd.)
� 1970 – Introduction of static meters – small scale � 1980 - Hybrid meters – electronic registers with
induction type meters and electronic meters with mechanical registers – large scale deployment.
� Unbundling of electricity business lead to new requirements in metering philosophy
� Today's scenario – Prepayment /AMR/AMI/Smart meter/Cluster/pole-mounted meters …..
Contemporary Metering Philosophy –Static meters
� Grid meters / Interface meters / boundary meters (bank meters)
� Consumer meters – Agricultural / Industrial / Commercial / Residential / Public utilities / subsidized service connection users
� Feeder meters / Distribution transformer metering� Metering data – for various stack holders and for various
purposes.
State of art Energy Meters with AutomaticMeter Reading system& backend I.T. support can provideall these information.
SystemMaintenance
Customer Billing
EnergyAccounting
Disconnections& Reconnections
Tariffdesign
SystemLosses
RevenueProtection
LoadControl
DistributionAutomation
LoadForecasting
CustomerComplaints
PowerQuality
Transfers &Vacancies
ManagingCredit
CollectingCash
SystemOperation
SystemExpansion
What a DistributionUtility does
MeteringInformation
Information We Can Get
From Intelligent Metering
Necessity to Automate Meter Reading
• To generate online data base – can be used for different application apart from billing – e.g. Load profile, network expansion etc.
• For better relationship between utilities (Electricity provider) and Electricity Consumers.
• Utilities get better control and monitoring of electricity consumption.
• Tariff – open plan – (Metering tariff similar to Telecommunication sector)
• Methodology oriented towards use of available infrastructure & technology.
AMR / AMI / Smart Metering / AMM
� AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) – Capturing meter data electronically (local / remote) and transferring to billing centers.
� AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) – Collecting as much as details of consumer loads (load profile), process and present relevant data & statistics to relevant users (billing, planning, vigilance, regulatory, consumer, executive management, energy audit /account group etc) – Software centric.
� Smart Metering – AMI + (Demand Side) control (consumer / utility or both)
� AMM (Automated Meter Management ) – Generic
European Smart Metering Alliance (ESMA) Definition of Smart Metering• Smart metering has the following features:– Automatic processing, transfer, management and utilisation of
metering data– Automatic management of meters– 2 way data communication with meters– Provides meaningful and timely consumption informat ion
to the relevant actors and their systems, including theenergy consumer
– Supports services that improve the energy efficienc y of theenergy consumption and the energy system (generatio n, transmission, distribution and especially end use)
(Source : www.esma-home.eu)
� Points to be considered while preparing technical Specifications for AMR / AMI
� Meter Requirements � Various communication options � Data Concentrators / Repeaters (not applicable for all
designs) � Billing centre / Energy management Centre – Software
functionality requirements and scalability� Utility's existing communication and IT infrastructure
Communication Technologies
� GSM / GPRS/ CDMA – for industrial consumers
� PLC / PSTN / RF – for commercial consumers � PLC / RF – for residential / streetlight and public
utilities
� GSM / GPRS/CDMA/ PSTN /VSAT – for Distribution Transformer & Feeder metering (through existing SCADA network if present)
What we get from well designed AMR / AMI / AMM / Smart Metering system
� Efficient utilization of energy� Energy consumption pattern to consumer� Flexible tariff – real time pricing� Home networking and Demand response
� Better distribution network utilization� Accurate real time load data and energy audit� Control in real time to an emerging trend
� Improved outage control and faster restoration
� Improved revenue�Detect and control pilferages�Disconnect service remotely to defaulters
� CDM – can be considered probably- pass on CO2 credit benefits to consumers – incentives to consumers
� Value added service� In home display with energy concise messages and
advertisement related to energy efficiency / electric appliances
�Home networking and broadband service�Bill payment through in home display / broadband
network
Contd.
Why Immediate Attention?� Meter data is becoming vital part in deciding many of
the performance and planning parameters of utilities. � Many of utilities are looking for automation to
manage huge amount useful data generated from meters and other sources of grid/network.
� AMR is becoming part of DA/DSM/SCADA leading to AMI / Smart metering solution.
� AMR / AMI is becoming best tool to check AT & C losses and control / detect pilferages.
Implementation Phases
� Interface & Feeder meters (mostly along with integrated SCADA)
� HT consumers (Industrial & Commercial)
� Distribution Transformers (DTs)� LT consumers (commercial and domestic)
� All other categories (100% metering, 100% AMR)
Interoperability� Different user groups and applications require different sets
of data from meter data bank.� A simple application may require merely a daily consumption
for simple billing and pilferages monitoring (ex. residential).� Planning wing of a utility may require load profile data for a
typical industrial / commercial area to make decision for load splitting or for enhancing capacity of transformers.
� This calls for standardized open protocol for accessing required / selective meter data for each type of user in a more efficient, secured and reliable way.
Standardization Issues
� Huge installed base of meters are having different protocols (standard / proprietary)
� Existing optical port of meters are deigned for local reading – now extending for AMR
� Present requirements and all demanding applications can not be retrofitted economically.
� At present there is no unique International product standard for AMR.
� Few countries are already having their own National specific AMR standards (e.g. China).
� However many National and International bodies / organisations are working on standardization.
Indian Scenario � Generic standard for AMR is available (adopted from
relevant IEC standards) – IS 14451 (part 1 & 2): 199 9 (Reaffirmed 2004) - Telemetering for Consumption and demands.
� This standard refers a few of following cross references for type test requirements of AMR systems and meters� IS 1766: 1998 - Time Switches for Metering and Load
control.
� IS 13779: 1999 - AC Static Watt-hour Meters, Class 1 & 2 - Specification.
� IS 14697:1999 - AC Static Transformer operated watt-hour and VAr -hour Meters, Class 0.2 S and 0.5 S -Specifications.
� IS 15707:2006 Testing, Evaluation, Installation and Maintenance of AC electricity meters - Code of practice.
� CBIP TR No. 88: 1999 – Specifications for AC Static Electrical Energy meters
� ( + cross references within above all standards)� Apart from above, specific communication protocol
tests are required – like IEC 62056 (DLMS /COSEM).
(contd.)
IEC 62056 (dlms) FEATURES
Meter Protocol standard
OPEN STANDARDMULTI ENERGYMULTI MEDIUMSELECTIVE ACCEESSINTEROPERABLECONFORMANCE TEST TOOL
ADOPTED BY IEC AND CEN
INSTANTANEOUS VALUESPROFILESTARIFF READINGSPOWER QUALITY PARAMETERSAND OTHERS
OBJECT MODELLING - COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering [COSEM]
DATA IDENTIFICATION – Object Identification System [OBIS]
Future Meters - Vision
45.00
07.00
35.25
230V
11kV/440V
SS 33/11kV
Billing Server / EMS
DISCOM – HQMIS
Pole mounted Cluster AMR meter cubicles
Local Intelligent Meter Display Unit
Internet
� To have a similar growth as in Telecom, in power sector, any meter of any make shall be securely accessible for any authentic application from anywhere.
� Need for Seamless Connectivity� For any AMR system, mix up of different communication
technology is required for end to end complete solution.� The communication technology for different levels of AMR
systems are to be decided based on existing communication infrastructures of utility, cost, purpose of AMR (billing, load profile, valued added services, outage management etc) and ease of installation.
Conclusion
� Integrated AMR enabled meters reduces cost� Modem cost is falling & further reduction in
overall cost is possible in near future due to massive deployment of AMR systems by utilities.
� Selection of appropriate communication medium also plays vital role in determining cost & reliability of AMR.
Conclusion (Contd.)
Conclusion (Contd.)
� Utilities get online data regarding energy consumption, generation, loss and revenue.
� Energy theft can be minimized and defaulters can be penalized by disconnecting the supply remotely.
� Value added services can be introduces by utilities.� Increases energy conservation awareness in consumers � Open protocol implementation simplifies integration of meter
network to ERP / SCADA system of utility.
� Offer consultancy in building AMR / AMI systems and testing & evaluation of AMR / AMI systems.
� AMR / AMI Feasibility studies.� Technology & product assessments including
communications technologies.� Conformance test tool for IEC 62056 / DLMS and modbus
compliant meters and developmental assistance. � Collaborative work in development / standardization of
product, evaluation & testing of product and commercial / pilot scale deployment.
CPRI’s Services in AMR / AMI
[email protected]@[email protected]@cpri.in; ; ; ; [email protected]@[email protected]@cpri.in