A model for promoting a versatile crop that has remained minor:
J. Chianu1*, O. Ohiokpehai1, B. Vanlauwe1, P. Okoth1, K. Roing1, A. Adesina2, P. Naidoo2, J. Opondo3 & N. Sanginga1
1Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)UN Avenue, ICRAF Complex, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Telephone: 254-20-7224778/79/75
2Rockefeller Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya3Dominion Farms Ltd, Yala Swamp, Siaya District, Kenya
Email*: [email protected]
1Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) the case of soybean in Kenya
Successes in sub-Saharan Africa
The Nigeria case:•Doublingofyieldsfrom340kgha-1to740kgha-1.• 170%increaseinproduction.•228%increaseinnumberoffarmerscultivatingsoybean.•150%increaseinsoybeanproductsavailableforsalesand
consumption.•900%increaseinsoybeanprocessingcompanies.
The Zimbabwe case:• From55participatingsmallholderfarmersin1996to50,000
in2006.•Widespreadprocessingandconsumptionofsoymilk,soy
yogurt,andothersoyproducts.•UseofSoyCow(soymilkmakingmachine)bygroupsofsmall
farmerstogenerateincomesatcottageindustrylevel
Reasons for the successesAcombinationofmethodsincluding:collectiveaction•processinganddevelopmentofcottageindustries•valueaddition•productbranding•marketing•informationexchange•goodagronomy•communityinvolvement•tradeandcreditfacilities•
Failures in sub-Saharan AfricaFailuresinKenyainthepastwerecontributedtobylackofawarenessonprocessing,utilization,lowyield,lackofmarket,weakpolicysupport,andlowprices.
Objective
Maximize the use and benefits of soybean through improved agronomy,marketing,processing,valueaddition,nutrition,training,outreachandincomegenerationinKenya.
Learning from the past: a reflection of soybean failure in Kenya
Thereisneedforunderstandingthereasonsfor:•SuccessesinNigeriaandZimbabwe• FailureofearliersoybeandevelopmentinKenya
Usingtheunderstandingto:•Createamodel‘three-tier-approach’forsustainablesoybeanpromotion
inKenya,supportedbyaStrategicAllianceofStakeholdersandextensivetraining,capacitybuildingandawarenesscreation.
The three-tier-approach
Pillars for the three tier approach
Diagrammaticrepresentationofthethreetierapproach
Results so far
• The model has increased the confidence ofKenyanfarmerstoproducesoybean(over4000individualfarmers)
• Thousandsoffarmers’groups(over300farmernetworks)andindividualfarmersare presently benefiting from this approach andarebeginningtotakeadvantageofallthe benefits (food, feed, oil, cash crop, soil fertilityimprovements,etc.)ofsoybean
• Theorganizationofstakeholdersinastrategicalliancetostrengthenthemodel is yielding numerous benefits (e.g.,increaseinincome,availabilityofcreditforfarminputs,availabilityoffarminputs,assuranceofmarketat
mutuallyagreedprices,readyavailabilityofmarketinformation,public-privatepartnership)
• Interestoflarge-scalefeed/foodprocessingcompaniesrekindled(e.g.BIDCO,NUTRO,SOYAFRIC,FARMERSCHOICE)
• 572farmer/patientgroupstrainedonfood fortification, incorporation, stand-alone-readyto-eatproducts,nutrition,hygieneandsanitation,andbusinessmanagement
• 4to14timesincreaseinnetreturnsfromvalueaddition(soymilkproduction)
• Employmentgeneration
Strategic allianceMembersoftheallianceinclude:inputdealers•researchers•creditproviders•informationorganizersanddisseminators•NGOs•socialworkers•governmentministries•communitybanks•qualitycontrollers•largescaleandcottageindustries•processorsandtraders.
Awareness creationThisiswithrespecttoagronomy,postharvestactivities,marketing,nutrition,health, competitiveness, profitability, naturalresourcemanagementandcostsavings.
Capacity building and training Thisiscarriedouttoensurethesustainabilityoftheconceptandapproachesinallthetiers.
Take Away Message
Benefits of soybeanLivelihoods:Importantfood,feed,oilandcashcrop.Soil fertility: Fixes40-120kgNfromatmosphere.Savings: Onfarmerinvestmentinmineralfertilizers.Nutrition and health:Has40%protein,20%oil,nocholesterol,andomega3fattyacidsthatreducestheriskofchronicdiseases(e.g.HIV).
The first tierfocusesonthehousehold-levelproductionandaimsattraininghouseholdmembersonwaysofprocessingandconsumingsoybean.
The second tier focusesonthecommunitylevel.Surplusesofsoybeanproductionathousehold-levelareabsorbedhereandprocessedinto:soymilk,yogurt,soybread,cakes,biscuits,etc.Thispreventsproduceglutathousehold-levelthatcouldbecome
adisincentivetofurtherproduction,capableofstallingthewholeprocess.
The third tier, alsoknownasindustriallevelsoybeanmarketdevelopmentinvolveslinkingfarmerstolarge-scalefeedandfoodprocessingcompaniesandindustriesforimportsubstitutionandtoclearthemarketatpricesdeterminedintheStrategicAlliancemeetingsfordifferentproductqualities.
Thismodelisaboutinterveningathouseholdlevel,communitylevel,andlinkingsoybeanproducerswithlarge-scalefeedandfoodindustriesthatusesoybeanformanufacturingbutpresentlyimportlargequantitiesofsoybeanusedformanufacturing.
Materials and Methods
Theuseofathreetierapproachforsoybeanmarketdevelopmentsupportedbythreepillars:strategicallianceofallstakeholders,extensivetrainingandcapacitybuilding, and awareness creation on all the benefits of soybean at all levels.
Key Next Steps1.Scaleout/uptoalleastandcentralAfrica
region
2. Increase participation of micro-finance agencies
3.Increasetheinvolvementoftheyouth
Acknowledgement: This project was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
Contributions to MDGsTheprojectcontributesto:• Eradicationofextremepovertyand
hunger(Goal 1)• Empowermentofwomen(Goal 3)• Improvementofchildnutrition
(Goal 4)• Improvementofcleanliness,
sanitation,health,mothersnutrition(Goal 5)
• Improvementofhealthandnutrition,increaseinincomeandreductioninsusceptibilitytoHIV(Goal 6)
Agronomy: Soybean intercropped with maize Community Training on soybean processing Soybean marketing Soybean grains and processed products
S O
C
I
ET
Y
COMMUNITYPRODUCERS
LARGE INDUSTRYProcessed
Soy Products
HOUSEHOLDPRODUCERS
HSLCConsumption
CCIProcessed
Soy Products
CRQuality control
Record keepingStorage
TransportMarketing
COMMUNITYBANK
• STRATEGIC ALLIANCE• AWARENESS CREATION• TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING
TRADERS
T1
T2
T3
surplus
household use
communityuse
income
income
bene
fits
bene
fits
supply
products
surplus
PILLARS PRODUCERS REGULATORS CONSUMERS
Key:CR = Community RegulatorCCI = Community Cottage IndustryHSLC = Household Level ConsumptionT = Tier Number
System moversLegend:
income
Effort pathwaysIncome chains
surplus
Supply chainsBenefits flow
inco
me
benefits
householdsurplus
A model for promoting a versatile crop that has remained minor:
J. Chianu1*, O. Ohiokpehai1, B. Vanlauwe1, P. Okoth1, K. Roing1, A. Adesina2, P. Naidoo2, J. Opondo3 & N. Sanginga1
1Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)UN Avenue, ICRAF Complex, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Telephone: 254-20-7224778/79/75
2Rockefeller Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya3Dominion Farms Ltd, Yala Swamp, Siaya District, Kenya
Email*: [email protected]
1Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) the case of soybean in Kenya
Successes in sub-Saharan Africa
The Nigeria case:•Doublingofyieldsfrom340kgha-1to740kgha-1.• 170%increaseinproduction.•228%increaseinnumberoffarmerscultivatingsoybean.•150%increaseinsoybeanproductsavailableforsalesand
consumption.•900%increaseinsoybeanprocessingcompanies.
The Zimbabwe case:• From55participatingsmallholderfarmersin1996to50,000
in2006.•Widespreadprocessingandconsumptionofsoymilk,soy
yogurt,andothersoyproducts.•UseofSoyCow(soymilkmakingmachine)bygroupsofsmall
farmerstogenerateincomesatcottageindustrylevel
Reasons for the successesAcombinationofmethodsincluding:collectiveaction•processinganddevelopmentofcottageindustries•valueaddition•productbranding•marketing•informationexchange•goodagronomy•communityinvolvement•tradeandcreditfacilities•
Failures in sub-Saharan AfricaFailuresinKenyainthepastwerecontributedtobylackofawarenessonprocessing,utilization,lowyield,lackofmarket,weakpolicysupport,andlowprices.
Objective
Maximize the use and benefits of soybean through improved agronomy,marketing,processing,valueaddition,nutrition,training,outreachandincomegenerationinKenya.
Learning from the past: a reflection of soybean failure in Kenya
Thereisneedforunderstandingthereasonsfor:•SuccessesinNigeriaandZimbabwe• FailureofearliersoybeandevelopmentinKenya
Usingtheunderstandingto:•Createamodel‘three-tier-approach’forsustainablesoybeanpromotion
inKenya,supportedbyaStrategicAllianceofStakeholdersandextensivetraining,capacitybuildingandawarenesscreation.
The three-tier-approach
Pillars for the three tier approach
Diagrammaticrepresentationofthethreetierapproach
Results so far
• The model has increased the confidence ofKenyanfarmerstoproducesoybean(over4000individualfarmers)
• Thousandsoffarmers’groups(over300farmernetworks)andindividualfarmersare presently benefiting from this approach andarebeginningtotakeadvantageofallthe benefits (food, feed, oil, cash crop, soil fertilityimprovements,etc.)ofsoybean
• Theorganizationofstakeholdersinastrategicalliancetostrengthenthemodel is yielding numerous benefits (e.g.,increaseinincome,availabilityofcreditforfarminputs,availabilityoffarminputs,assuranceofmarketat
mutuallyagreedprices,readyavailabilityofmarketinformation,public-privatepartnership)
• Interestoflarge-scalefeed/foodprocessingcompaniesrekindled(e.g.BIDCO,NUTRO,SOYAFRIC,FARMERSCHOICE)
• 572farmer/patientgroupstrainedonfood fortification, incorporation, stand-alone-readyto-eatproducts,nutrition,hygieneandsanitation,andbusinessmanagement
• 4to14timesincreaseinnetreturnsfromvalueaddition(soymilkproduction)
• Employmentgeneration
Strategic allianceMembersoftheallianceinclude:inputdealers•researchers•creditproviders•informationorganizersanddisseminators•NGOs•socialworkers•governmentministries•communitybanks•qualitycontrollers•largescaleandcottageindustries•processorsandtraders.
Awareness creationThisiswithrespecttoagronomy,postharvestactivities,marketing,nutrition,health, competitiveness, profitability, naturalresourcemanagementandcostsavings.
Capacity building and training Thisiscarriedouttoensurethesustainabilityoftheconceptandapproachesinallthetiers.
Take Away Message
Benefits of soybeanLivelihoods:Importantfood,feed,oilandcashcrop.Soil fertility: Fixes40-120kgNfromatmosphere.Savings: Onfarmerinvestmentinmineralfertilizers.Nutrition and health:Has40%protein,20%oil,nocholesterol,andomega3fattyacidsthatreducestheriskofchronicdiseases(e.g.HIV).
The first tierfocusesonthehousehold-levelproductionandaimsattraininghouseholdmembersonwaysofprocessingandconsumingsoybean.
The second tier focusesonthecommunitylevel.Surplusesofsoybeanproductionathousehold-levelareabsorbedhereandprocessedinto:soymilk,yogurt,soybread,cakes,biscuits,etc.Thispreventsproduceglutathousehold-levelthatcouldbecome
adisincentivetofurtherproduction,capableofstallingthewholeprocess.
The third tier, alsoknownasindustriallevelsoybeanmarketdevelopmentinvolveslinkingfarmerstolarge-scalefeedandfoodprocessingcompaniesandindustriesforimportsubstitutionandtoclearthemarketatpricesdeterminedintheStrategicAlliancemeetingsfordifferentproductqualities.
Thismodelisaboutinterveningathouseholdlevel,communitylevel,andlinkingsoybeanproducerswithlarge-scalefeedandfoodindustriesthatusesoybeanformanufacturingbutpresentlyimportlargequantitiesofsoybeanusedformanufacturing.
Materials and Methods
Theuseofathreetierapproachforsoybeanmarketdevelopmentsupportedbythreepillars:strategicallianceofallstakeholders,extensivetrainingandcapacitybuilding, and awareness creation on all the benefits of soybean at all levels.
Key Next Steps1.Scaleout/uptoalleastandcentralAfrica
region
2. Increase participation of micro-finance agencies
3.Increasetheinvolvementoftheyouth
Acknowledgement: This project was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
Contributions to MDGsTheprojectcontributesto:• Eradicationofextremepovertyand
hunger(Goal 1)• Empowermentofwomen(Goal 3)• Improvementofchildnutrition
(Goal 4)• Improvementofcleanliness,
sanitation,health,mothersnutrition(Goal 5)
• Improvementofhealthandnutrition,increaseinincomeandreductioninsusceptibilitytoHIV(Goal 6)
Agronomy: Soybean intercropped with maize Community Training on soybean processing Soybean marketing Soybean grains and processed products
S O
C
I
ET
Y
COMMUNITYPRODUCERS
LARGE INDUSTRYProcessed
Soy Products
HOUSEHOLDPRODUCERS
HSLCConsumption
CCIProcessed
Soy Products
CRQuality control
Record keepingStorage
TransportMarketing
COMMUNITYBANK
• STRATEGIC ALLIANCE• AWARENESS CREATION• TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING
TRADERS
T1
T2
T3
surplus
household use
communityuse
income
income
bene
fits
bene
fits
supply
products
surplus
PILLARS PRODUCERS REGULATORS CONSUMERS
Key:CR = Community RegulatorCCI = Community Cottage IndustryHSLC = Household Level ConsumptionT = Tier Number
System moversLegend:
income
Effort pathwaysIncome chains
surplus
Supply chainsBenefits flow
inco
me
benefits
householdsurplus
