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R.I.B.A.(Royal Institute of British Architects)
C.P.D.(Continuous Professional Development)
PresentationActive Smoke & Fire
Barriers
SpeakerChuck Lewis – Coopers
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Introduction
to
Active Smoke Barriers
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Learning Aims
Introduction to Smoke Barriers
~What, where and why are they used, application specific
~What is the difference between them?
~What is the legislation you need to be aware of, and how must the manufacturer comply with this?
~What is the critical performance criteria?
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What is SHEVS?
Smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems (SHEVS) create a smoke free layer above the floor level by removing smoke and heat, thereby improving the conditions for safe evacuation and/or rescue and the property protection permitting the fire to be fought whilst in its early stages.
The use of smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems to create these smoke free layers has become widespread and is an integral part of building design.
Extract from BS EN12101-1:2006
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Smoke Barriers; Why are they used?
Smoke barriers are and important and critical part of this system where permitted within the SHEVS design.
The smoke barrier shall control the movement of the fire effluent in the event of a fire.
If smoke barriers are not in their fire operational position, the system (SHEVS) will not perform as designed.
However, in the event that other elements of the SHEVS do not function, smoke barriers in their fire operational position will provide essential smoke containment and channelling.
Extract from BS EN12101-1:2006
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Why are they used?
~To Stop Rapid Spread of SmokeThroughout Buildings
~Assist Occupants with Safe Evacuation
~Assist Emergency Services
~Used as a Life Safety Product
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The fire effluent will rapidly spread through a building
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Smoke Barriers contained smoke to the point of extraction
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What is an Active Smoke Barrier?
~ Like a large electrically operated roller blind
~ Concealed above a ceiling out of view
~Fire resistant fabric
~Weighted Bottom Bar
~Activated by an Alarm Signal
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Where are they used?
Void Edge Screen
Smoke barrier deployed beneath the edge of a balcony or projecting canopy. Void edge screens can either be use to create a smoke reservoir beneath the balcony or canopy or to restrict the length of spill edge in order to create a more compact spill plume
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Where are they used?
Channeling Screens
Smoke barrier used as channelling screens beneath a balcony or gases from a room opening to the spill edge
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Where are they used?
Reservoir Blinds
Region within a construction works limited or bordered by smoke barriers or structural elements so as to retain a thermally buoyant smoke layer in the event of a fire
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Where are they used?
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Where are they used?
Faceted/Segmented Atrium Void Application
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Where are they used?
Smoke Barriers
Clear
Smoke Logged
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Where are they used?
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Smoke Barrier Applications
~ Smoke reservoir boundaries
~Channelling screens
~Void edge screens
~Void sealing screens
~Corridor containment
~Shop unit containment
~Escalator containment
~Stairwell containment
~Elevator/Lift
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What is the relevant legislation?
BS EN12101-1:2006 Smoke and heat control systems. Specifications for smoke curtains
BS7346-3:1990 Smoke and heat control systems. Specifications for smoke curtains
BS476-6:1989 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Methods of test for fire propagation for products
BS476-7:1997 Fire tests on building materials and structures. Methods of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products
ISO9001:2000 Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing
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Types of Smoke Barrier
Static Smoke Barriers: (SSB)
Static smoke barriers shall be fixed in their fire operational position at all times and according to their design classification.
Active Smoke Barriers: (ASB)
Active Smoke Barriers shall be defined according to their application, e.g. life safety protection or property protection, method of operation and external initiations.
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Life Safety Application
The application of the smoke and heat control system in its fire operational
condition for the period of time required for the occupants of the premise to be alerted, and to be able to exit the premise, with the smoke and heat control system assisting in
the protection of the means of escape.
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ASB Categories
ASB1:
Smoke Barriers which fail safe in/to the fire operational position (not lower than 2.5m above the finished floor level or in any location hazardous to occupants or objects), in a controlled manner when all consumable primary and auxiliary power sources are removed, in the event of wiringor system corruption, or any combination thereof.
ASB2:
Smoke Barriers which move to/stay in the fire operational position (not lower than 2.5m above the finished floor level or in any location hazardous to occupants or objects), in a controlled manner upon external initiation but requiring a consumable power source in order to move to or be maintained in the fire operational position.
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ASB Categories
ASB3:
Smoke Barriers, conforming to type ASB1, which can be deployed to any height.
ASB4:
Smoke Barriers conforming to ASB2, which can be deployed to any height.
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ASB1 & ASB3 Smoke Barriers are “fit for purpose”
ASB1 and ASB3 do notrequire fire rated
ASB Categories
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Fitness for Purpose
The ability of a product, process or service to serve a
defined purpose under specific conditions.
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Performance Requirements and Classifications
~Temperature/time classification
~Reliability and durability of Active Smoke Barriers
~Response time of Active Smoke Barriers
~Smoke leakage (containment efficiency)
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Classification Temp °C Timemin
D30 600 30
D60 600 60
D90 600 90
D120 600 120
Temperature/Time
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Reliability & Durability
BS EN12101-1:2006 requires only – 1,000 Test Cycles
This should be done taking into account: ~capacity limits of motors; ~breaking loads; ~tear strength; ~flexural strength; ~maximum anticipated drop
*BS7346-3:1990 – 2,000 Test Cycles
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Response Times of Active Smoke Barriers
Controlled rates of descent
Active Smoke Barrier specimens types ASB1 and ASB2 shall commence movement immediately upon initiation or any initiation failure and move to their
operational position, in all operating modes, at a velocity range of between 0.06m/s and 0.30m/s.
Active Smoke Barriers types ASB3 and ASB4 which may be located in critical areas of a construction
works, e.g. escape routes, entrances/exits to escalators or stairways, shall have a velocity range of 0.06 –
0.15m/s.
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Safety Considerations
Active Smoke Barriers with long barrier movements while that cannot be fully deployed within 60s can nevertheless provide progressive
protection.
Such operation should not compromise SHEVS design e.g. if one barrier is designed to protect multiple floors around an atrium, when the fire occurs on a lower floor, the protection to higher
floors may be delayed.
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Safety Considerations
Precautions should be taken to ensure that descending barriers that provide full containment
do not cause injury, panic or confusion etc.
The use of visual or audible warnings devices and partial and progressive descent of barriers The barrier should be designed to return to a safe
condition in the event of a failure or malfunction etc.
Where this is for Life Safety it should Fail-Safe by ‘Gravity’
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Smoke Leakage (containment efficiency)
For functional reasons gaps may be required between the barrier and the construction works, and for angled and adjacent barriers. In these cases any gap should not exceed:
~ 20mm for barriers which travel up to and including 2m;~ 40mm for barriers which travel from 2m up to and including 6m;~ 60mm for barriers which travel more than 6m.
These gaps should not prejudice the‘fitness for purpose’
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Smoke Leakage (containment efficiency)
Overlapping barriers and conjoining bottom bars will reduce the problems of leakage and deflection.
Overlapping barriers and conjoining bottom bars will reduce the Overlapping barriers and conjoining bottom bars will reduce the problems of leakage and deflection.problems of leakage and deflection.
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Smoke Leakage (permeability of materials)
Smoke Barriers shall be manufactured from materials with a
maximum leakage rate of 25m3/h/m2 at 25Pa.
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Deflection
Movement of a smoke barrier when subjected to the buoyant force of the hot smoke, the movement of air, air pressure, or any combination thereof
Any movement can allow excessive smoke leakage. Avoid placing the barrier between columns or ensure sufficient linear bottom bar weight is applied or the use of side guides and/or channels for retention
Extract from BS EN12101-1:2006
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Deflection
Curtain between columns. Large gaps at sides and reduced smoke layer depth protection.
Extract from BS EN12101-1:2006
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Curtain between columns. Gaps at sides and reduced
smoke layer depth.
Non conjoined, adjacent curtains, either in-line or
angled.
Deflection
Extract from BS EN12101-1:2006
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Architectural Considerations
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Architectural Considerations
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Architectural Considerations
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All in one curved ceiling
interfaces
All in one corner ceiling
interfaces
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Architectural Considerations
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All in one curved ceiling interfaces
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General testing requirements – extract from BS EN12101-1:2006 - Annex A
Test sequence for initial type testing
The tests shall be carried out in the following sequence:
a) reliability and durability; 1,000 test operationsb) default operation to fire position; even without a consumable power sourcec) response time; at a controlled rate of descent all modesd) permeability;e) temperature/time.
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What is Fail-Safe?ASB1: Smoke barriers which fail safe in/to the fire operational position, in a controlled manner when all consumable primary and auxiliary power sources are removed, in the
event of wiring or system corruption, or any combination thereof.
Fail Safe by Gravity
Control Control EquipmentEquipment
MotorMotor
MainsMains GeneratorGenerator BatteryBattery BMSBMS
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Introduction
to
Fire Barriers
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Learning Aims
Introduction to Fire Barriers
~What, where and why are they used, applicationspecific
~What is the legislation you need to be aware of, andhow must the manufacturer comply with this?
~What is the critical performance criteria?
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What are Fire Barriers?
~Like a large electrically operated roller blind
~Concealed above a ceiling out of view
~Contained in side guide channels
~Fire resistant fabric
~Weighted Bottom Bar
~Activated by an Alarm Signal
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What are Fire Barriers?
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Where are they used?
~Separating Element (wall/ceiling)~Compartmentise areas (non load bearing walls/ceilings) ~Void, Escalator, Stairwell Separation~Lift Lobbies~Basement Separation
Or in place of:
~Fire Shutters~Fire Doors~Fire Rated Glazing
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Where are they used?
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Where are they used?
Separation of Shop from Mall with Partial Drop
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What is the relevant legislation?
~No planned British or European Standards
~Currently classed as doorsets/shutter assemblies
~Requirement for fire resistance is for integrity only -not insulation
~Need to prevent fire & smoke travel
~Integrity to same level as the compartment
~30, 60, 90, 120, 240mins fire barriers are available
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What is the relevant legislation?
PAS121:2007 Specification for active fire curtain barrier assemblies and active fire curtain barrier assemblies with smoke rating
BS EN1634-1:2000 Fire resistance tests for door and shutter assemblies. Fire doors and shutters
BS EN1364-1:1999 Fire resistance tests for non-load bearing elements for Walls
BS EN1364-2:1999 Fire resistance tests for non-load bearing elements for Ceilings
BS EN1363-1:1999 Fire resistance tests. General requirements
BS EN1363-2:1999 Fire resistance tests. Alternative and additional procedures
BS EN12101-1:2006 Smoke and heat control systems. Specifications for smoke curtains
ISO9001:2000 Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in design, development production, installation and servicing
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DH 30 Standard 30
DH 60 heating 60
DH 90 curve 90
DH 120 BS EN1363-1 120
Standard Classification Categories for Smoke Barriers
Classification Temperature Time°C min
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Fire Barriers
~Unlike fire shutters, fire barriers contain smoke
~Same requirements as smoke barriers used for life safety applications
~In addition side guides are required
~The barrier also needs to be held within the guide rails and should be capable of withstanding both pressure and impact
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Fire Testing
Up to 240 mins Integrity
Complete with
Overlap
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Fire Testing
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Impact TestingBS5324-2:1992
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Ambient Smoke Leakage TestBS476-31.1:1983
Full Size = 3x3m3.15m3/h/m2
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Signage
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Means of Escaping
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Means of Escaping
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Atrium Application
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Factory Application
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Lift Lobby Application
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Warehouse Compartment Application
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Horizontal Fire Barriers
Assessed Dimensions
5x12m
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Serving Hatch Application
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Corridor Application
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Window Boundary Application
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Escalator Application
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Marine Application
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Domestic Application
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Domestic Application
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Operating Modes
~Gravity Fail Safe Descent(as required by BS EN12101-1:2006)
~Mains Power Descent / Ascent(as required by BS EN12101-1:2006)
~Emergency Power Descent / Ascent(as required by BS EN12101-1:2006)
~Controlled Rates of Descent in all modes(as required by BS EN12101-1:2006)
~Variable & Synchronisable Speed Settings
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Status of Smoke & Fire Barriers
~If smoke barriers are not in their fire operational position, the SHEVS will not
perform as designed.
~In the event that other elements of the SHEVS do not function, barriers in their fire
operational position will provide essentialsmoke containment and channelling.
~If fire barriers are not in their fire operational position fire separation will not be instigated
which could lead to loss of life.
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Life Safety Application
~When every thing fails
~Loss of all power supplies
~Failure of batteries
~Wiring corruption
~Then the barrier must move to its fire operational position
~IF NOT….
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CoopersEdward House
Penner RoadHavant
HampshirePO9 1QZ
United Kingdom
t: +44 (0)2392 454405f: +44 (0)2392 [email protected]
Company Information
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Dubai Community Theater & Arts CentreDubai International Finance Centre
Mall of the Emirates Shopping Centre, DubaiFortnum & Mason, London
Adidas Store, ParisDundrum Shopping Centre, Dublin
Xanadu Shopping Centre, SpainLangham Place Shopping Centre, Hong Kong
Wembley Stadium, LondonGreater London Authority (London Major's Office), London
Peter Jones Store, LondonThe Royal Exchange, London
The Royal Albert hall, LondonSwiss Re Tower, London
Case Studies
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MGM Casino, MacauSaid to be 'The 2nd Largest Mall in hte World'
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Listing for both Fire & Smoke Curtain (Barriers)Portsmouth's Landmark Building
Corporate Video
Press Releases
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