Download - A case of encephalitis
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Case 2Case 248 yr Female48 yr Female
Past H/O ofPast H/O of
AsthmaAsthma
Chronic Arthritis- on NSAIDs & HydroxychloroquineChronic Arthritis- on NSAIDs & Hydroxychloroquine
Not Known HTNNot Known HTN
Non DiabeticNon Diabetic
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Chief ComplaintsChief Complaints
Fever for 6 daysFever for 6 daysNeck Gland swelling few days agoNeck Gland swelling few days ago
Nausea & vomiting 2 daysNausea & vomiting 2 days
Generalized Malaise & Myalgia for last Generalized Malaise & Myalgia for last few weeks few weeks
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Clinical ExaminationClinical Examination
Alert, orientedAlert, oriented
Pyrexial Pyrexial
No rashNo rash
Noted Hypertensive 150/90Noted Hypertensive 150/90
No cervical or axillary No cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy.lymphadenopathy.
Chest clear Abd- normal.Chest clear Abd- normal.
No Focal Neurological deficit elicitedNo Focal Neurological deficit elicited
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InvestigationsInvestigationsHb- 8.6Hb- 8.6 TC- 8420TC- 8420 ESR-73 ESR-73 PLT- NPLT- N
Ur- 245Ur- 245 Cr- 5.84Cr- 5.84 K-5.7K-5.7 Na-134 Na-134
Ptime- 16.9/11.9Ptime- 16.9/11.9 INR- 1.54INR- 1.54
TB- 4.7 con3.4TB- 4.7 con3.4 SGOT-139 SGPT-167SGOT-139 SGPT-167 ALP-949 ALP-949
TP-6.0TP-6.0 ALB-1.9ALB-1.9 GLB-4.1GLB-4.1
CoCa- 9.06CoCa- 9.06 Urate- 14.2Urate- 14.2
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Malaria dual Ag- NegativeMalaria dual Ag- Negative
Dengue- Negative.Dengue- Negative.
Leptospira IgG & IgM- NegativeLeptospira IgG & IgM- Negative
Widal Test- NegativeWidal Test- Negative
HBsAg, HCV, HIV- Non reactiveHBsAg, HCV, HIV- Non reactive
HAV- IgM Non reactiveHAV- IgM Non reactive
HEV- IgM REACTIVEHEV- IgM REACTIVE
ANF, ANCA- NegativeANF, ANCA- Negative
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Serum Electrophresis- No Monoclonal Band
USS AbdomenUSS Abdomen
Mild HepatomegalyMild Hepatomegaly
Spleenomegaly with Dialated Spleenic VienSpleenomegaly with Dialated Spleenic Vien
Kidneys- Loss of cortico-medullary Kidneys- Loss of cortico-medullary differentiation likely due to CKD. differentiation likely due to CKD.
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Initial DiagnosisInitial Diagnosis
Acute on Chronic Liver FailureAcute on Chronic Liver Failure
Chronic Liver DiseaseChronic Liver Disease
Altered Ptime, Altered LFT & Albumin:Globulin ratio Altered Ptime, Altered LFT & Albumin:Globulin ratio reversal, Hepatospleenomegaly, Dilated Spleenic Vienreversal, Hepatospleenomegaly, Dilated Spleenic Vien
Acute Hepatitis EAcute Hepatitis E
Chronic Kidney DiseaseChronic Kidney DiseaseMost likely secondary to Hypertension & Most likely secondary to Hypertension &
Chronic NSAID use.Chronic NSAID use.
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Initial ManagementInitial Management
Blood Pressure ControlBlood Pressure Control
Anti HyperKalemic TreatmentAnti HyperKalemic Treatment
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic: Broad Spectrum Antibiotic:
Cefepime/TazobactumCefepime/Tazobactum
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On the 3On the 3rdrd day of her admission, the day of her admission, the patient became very restless, patient became very restless, disoriented with increasing lethargy disoriented with increasing lethargy and almost bed bound.and almost bed bound.
Neurological assesment couldnot be Neurological assesment couldnot be done as the pt was very agitated & done as the pt was very agitated & uncooperativeuncooperative
A diagnosis of Stage 2 Hepatic A diagnosis of Stage 2 Hepatic Encephalopathy secondary to HEV Encephalopathy secondary to HEV super infection, decompensating the super infection, decompensating the underlying CLD was made.underlying CLD was made.
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ManagementManagement
Arterial Ammonia checked(81) &Arterial Ammonia checked(81) &Anti Encephalopathic measures started.Anti Encephalopathic measures started.
However pt did not respond & her condition However pt did not respond & her condition worsened becoming pyrexial & tachycardic, worsened becoming pyrexial & tachycardic, she needed Intubation for Airway she needed Intubation for Airway protection.protection.
Neurological Examination revealed new onset Neurological Examination revealed new onset UMN signs UMN signs Exaggerated Knee Jerks B/L & ankle clonusExaggerated Knee Jerks B/L & ankle clonusPlanters were Equivocal.Planters were Equivocal.
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CT BrainCT Brain
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CT BrainCT Brain
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ABGs revealed- ABGs revealed- Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Acidosis
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The Metabolic Acidosis was thought to The Metabolic Acidosis was thought to be due to developing sepsis.be due to developing sepsis.
Lactate was Normal.Lactate was Normal.
Escalation of ABx to Imipenem & Escalation of ABx to Imipenem & LinezolidLinezolid
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CSF ExaminationCSF Examination
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CSF sample sent for HSV detectionCSF sample sent for HSV detection
Pt started on Acyclovir 500mg BD.Pt started on Acyclovir 500mg BD.
Recovery started within 48 hours, Recovery started within 48 hours, Presently pt is completely coherent, Presently pt is completely coherent, Alert, oriented with almost fully Alert, oriented with almost fully recovery.recovery.
Her LFT has normalised apart from an Her LFT has normalised apart from an isolated high ALP.isolated high ALP.
Cr has lowered to 4.1. Cr has lowered to 4.1.
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Not Herpes EncephalitisNot Herpes Encephalitis
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MRI ScanMRI Scan
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So what is the So what is the Diagnosis & what Diagnosis & what has made the has made the patient Well? patient Well?
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Thank YouThank You