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8.2 Structure of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms
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8.2 Structure of DNA
DNA is well-suited for biological information storage.
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8.2 Structure of DNA
DNA is a NUCLEIC ACID
• This is one of the four carbon-based macromolecules– Carbohydrates (quick energy)– Lipids (energy storage)– Protein (body structure)– Nucleic Acid (DNA)
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8.2 Structure of DNA
DNA is a DOUBLE HELIX
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8.2 Structure of DNA
• DNA is a chain of nucleotides.– Each nucleotide has three parts.
1. a phosphate group
2. a deoxyribose sugar
3. a nitrogen-containing base
phosphate group
deoxyribose (sugar)
nitrogen-containingbase
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8.2 Structure of DNA
• There are only FOUR different nucleotides (bases): – T, C, A, & G
DNA alphabet
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8.2 Structure of DNA
TAC
G
Nucleotides always pair in the same way.
• The base-pairing rules:– A pairs with T
– C pairs with G
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8.2 Structure of DNA
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel
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8.2 Structure of DNA
hydrogen bond covalent bond
• The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.
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8.2 Structure of DNA
Within cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes
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8.2 Structure of DNA
chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes
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8.2 Structure of DNA
Where is DNA kept?
• Eukaryotes– In the nucleus of each
cell
• Prokaryotes– In the cytoplasm of the
cell