Download - 5.1 Communities and ecosystems. What do these words mean? Give examples of organisms from each group
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TOPIC 5: ECOLOGY AND
EVOLUTION5.1 Communities and ecosystems
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AUTOTROPHS VS HETERTROPHS What do these words mean? Give examples of organisms from each
group.
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DETRITIVORES Ingests and then digest dead organic
matter Eg. Earthworms, woodlouse
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SAPROTROPH An organism that lives in or on non-
living organic matter They secrete digestive enzymes into it
and absorb the products of digestion Digest first, then absorb Nature’s recylers – recycle nutrients Heterotrophs
Eg. Fungi, bacteria
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CONSUMER An organism that ingests other organic
matter that is living or recently killed Heterotrophs
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FOOD CHAINS Show the flow of energy
through the trophic levels of a feeding relationship
Trophic level: feeding position of an organism in food chain
Each organism feeds on the organism before it
Arrows point towards the consumer Indicate the direction of
energy and nutrient flow
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WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS?
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CHALLENGE Group A: Create a food chain with three
linkages (four organisms) from a desert ecosystem
Group B: Create a food chain with three linkages (four organisms) from a grassland ecosystem
Draw on the whiteboard. Now lets label it together as a class.
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FOOD CHAIN EXAMPLES
Tertiary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary consumers
Producers
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CHALLENGE
Can you pick out a 3 step food chain and a 4 step food chain?
Can you find two organisms that fit into more than one trophic level?
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FOOD WEB Shows complex feeding relationships
showing interacting food chains
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CHALLENGE ANSWERS
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ENERGY
Light is the initial source of energy for almost all communities
This comes from the SUN
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ENERGY FLOW Energy flows through food chains, but
some (90%) is lost between each trophic level
Loss is due to:Material not consumedMaterial not assimilatedHeat loss through cellular respiration
Nutrients are recycled
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ENERGY PYRAMIDS Show the flow of energy between trophic
levels Never 100% efficient, around 90% loss The width of the bars is proportional to the
energy in that tropic levelOnly approx. 10% of energy is passed on to the next trophic level.
Unit = kJ m-2 y-1
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HOMEWORK DBQ pg. 169 Working with data pg. 170