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Isotopes
Objectives:5.2 To identify the advantages & disadvantages of using isotopes in industry, medical science, basic research & in the environment
Are atoms of the same element, but have a different number of neutrons
ex. Carbon can have 6 or 8 neutrons
Isotopes:
C 12
6 C 14
6
6 neutrons 8 neutrons
Have the same number of protons & electrons
Have the same atomic number
Have the same chemical reactivity
Isotopes:
C 12
6 C 14
6
What statement is false?
A) Isotopes have the same number of protons
B) Isotopes have the same number of neutrons
C) Isotopes have the same number of electrons
Given the three hypothetical atoms below, which are isotopes of the same element?
A 10
6 B 10
5 C 12
6
Different # neutronsSame # protons
4 neutrons 5 neutrons 6 neutrons
6 protons 5 protons 6 protons
According to the graph below, how many isotopes of nitrogen (N) are there?
Atomic Number
Ato
mic
Mass
7 85 6
12
13
14
15
Different # neutronsDifferent Atomic MassSame Atomic Number
Find atomic number of N Trace up – each point represents an isotope
2 isotopes
According to the graph below, what is the atomic mass of each isotope of oxygen?
Number of Protons
Nu
mb
er
of
Neu
tron
s
9 107 8
7
8
9
10
Find the number of protonsTrace up – each point represents an isotope
3 isotopes
Trace along & find the number of neutrons for each isotope
Add the number of protons & neutrons together for each isotope
Atomic mass = 18
Atomic mass = 17
Atomic mass = 16
Occur naturally in nature & are made artificially
Most natural isotopes are stable
Some natural & artificial isotopes are unstable When unstable, release radiation
(radioisotopes)
Isotopes:
Unstable isotopes (radioisotopes) can be used for: Cancer therapy Medical diagnosis Nuclear power plants Irradiation of foods Research Environment
Radioisotopes:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element, but with a different number of neutrons
Same atomic number, number of protons & electrons and chemical reactivity
Natural isotopes tend to be stable
Artificial isotopes are not stable & can release radiation
Activities:
Physical Science Worksheet #9
References
Student Study Guide – Physical Science 416/436 - MEQ
Science Quest – Grenier, Daigle, Rheaume – 1998, Cheneliere
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