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Four-Dimensional Visualization of
Construction Scheduling and Site
Utilization
K. W. Chau; M. Anson; and J. P. Zhang
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Outline
Abstract
Introduction to 4D
Example case The developed system
Conclusion and discussion
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Abstract
Site management are at times lacking inthe following areas:
generation of site usage layouts
estimation ofquantities of constructionmaterials
cost evaluation
The objective of this work is to enablevisual study of the effects ofjob progresson the logistics and resource schedules.
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(1) Introduction to 4D
What is different in the before?
Why we need 4D?
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State of construction before
A major characteristic of a contemporary
construction project is its complex and
multidisciplinary nature.
That for most construction projects, the
clients requirements are still represented
in terms ofpaper-based working drawings.
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Site planning
In this process, planners have to take intoconsideration practical constructionsequence, proper workspace logistics, and
feasible resource allocation, and the useof site space.
In practice, the initial site layout drawingsthat show the site organization andutilization are normally not updated asconstruction progresses.
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State of computer tools before
contemporary computer-aided toolsincluding bar charts orcritical path methodnetwork charts can only represent the
schedule, but not the spatial features orthe associated resource requirements.
Visual representations of the project atdifferent instants cannot be provided
project progress
status of site space usage
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Site management
Si t e
Pl at e
St eelWorkspace
et c. . . .
where t o put ?when t o put ?
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Tradition
si t e
can you f i ne any er ror?
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4D
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(2) Example case
The system developed in this research
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Building background
Tradeport Logistic Center
a three-story warehouse building site
during the actual construction of the project, in order
to verify and validate its performance in real practice. The construction period for the structural works
was from January to October 2002.
The client, The Hong Kong Land Company
Limited
The contractor, Gammon Skanska Limited
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Input of building story
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Input data of various elements and their relationships
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Input of segment and associated scheduling
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Some predefined templates of construction activities
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4D visualization linking 3D geometrical model with schedule
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4D state being updated
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4D visualization on projected data
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(3) The system developed in
this research
How to develop this system?
What is the system architecture?
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Characteristics of 4D Visualization
Model in this research
Generation 4D visualization model
3D geometrical model
associated schedule of activities.
to enhance its capability to carry out usefulsite management functions overdifferentspatial and temporal domains.
visualized planning Analysis for each activity, material
allocation, and cost breakdown.
Bidi i l D E h b
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Bidirectional Data Exchange between
3D Model and
Schedule This model allows bidirectional data exchange
between the 3D geometrical model and theproject schedule.
to update the construction plan eitherthrough 3D graphical environment bar chart scheduling environment.
If the timing of a certain activity is modified
graphically on the screen, synchronizedadjustment of that activity will be madeautomatically to the bar schedule
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Architecture of 4D Visualization Model
MS Project
Construction
SchedulingData
Visual C++
Construction
Processor
AutoCAD
3D Geometrical
Module
AutoCAD ObjectARX
4D Visualization Module
Micrsoft OLAPData Warehouse
User Interface
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Architecture of 4D Visualization
Model
4D Visualization Module withAutoCAD
ObjectARX
Construction Processorwith Visual C++
Key instrument for changing data
3D Geometrical Model underAutoCAD
Environment
Bar Chart Scheduling with Microsoft Project Data Warehouse with Microsoft OLAP
User Interface with Visual C++
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(4) Conclusion and discussion
It is almost to end.
Wake up and wait to finish class.
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Conclusions
a prototype 4D visualization model has
been developed
This 4D visualization model
activity schedule
associated allocation ofresources
layout of site facilities at any projected instant.
resulting in a user-friendly and integrated
site management tool.
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Discussion
This system are bonded with AutoCad and
Microsoft project. If we want to sell this
system, how can we deal with the license
problem?
Did you have any suggestion for this
system? How do you think of an online
version of 4D software?