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3. aggregate (adj)
Gathered into or amounting to awhole.
It is impossible to judge last year'sperformance without knowing theaggregatesales numbers
adj + v + n) tphpli,tonb
2. adversely (adv)
In a harmful way; negatively
Excessive rainfall early in the springcanadversely affectthe planting ofcrops
(adv) bt li
1. abandon (v,n)
desert, leave behind
To save their lives, the sailors had toabandonthe sinking ship
(v) t b, b ri; (n) s phng tng,bung th
6. intensify (v)
To increase in power; to act withincreased strength
Jacob's long absenceintensifiedhiscertainty that he should marry Rose
Tng cng, lm mnh thm, lmsu sc thm, (nhip nh) lm ni ln
5. fertilize (v)
To supply with nourishment for plantsby adding helpful substances to thesoil
This farmfertilizestomatoes morethan any other crop.
(v) th phn, th tinh, lm cho phnhiu
4. cultivation (n)
Preparing the land to grow crops;improvement for agricultural purposes
With the development of landcultivation, hunters and gathererswere able to settle in one place
(n) cy cy, trng trt, nui dng
9. photosynthesis (n)
The process by which green plantsmake their own food by combiningwater,salts,and carbon dioxide in thepresence of light.
Oxygen is a by-product of theprocess ofphotosynthesis.
S quang hp
8. obtain (v)
To gain possession of; to get
After a series of difficult interviews, hefinally was able toobtainthe job
t c, ginh c, vn tn ti
7. irrigation (n)
The supplying of water to dry land
In dry areas of the country, you cansee ditches all over the farmland forirrigation
(n) s ti, s ra
12. catastrophic (adj)
Extremely harmful; causing financialor physical ruin
The architect died in acatastrophicelevator accident.
Thm khc, th thm
11. anticipate (v)Expect; Sense sth before it happens
By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists cananticipatesome tremors in time towarn the public
Thy trc, lng trc, cp vicg trc khi n xy ra
10. precipitation (n)
Water that falls to the Earth's surface
In the Pacific Northwest, the highlevel ofprecipitationensures rich,green plant life
S vi v, kt ta, ma, lng ma
15. famine (n)
Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage
The potatofaminein Ireland in themid-nineteenth century caused largenumbers of Irish people to emigrateto America
Nn i, s khan him
14. eruption (n)
A sudden, often violent, outburstTheeruptionof Mount St.
Helens in 1980 caused 57 deathsand immeasurable change to theface of the mountain.
Usage tips Eruption is oftenfollowed by an of phrase
Phun, n, mc (rng), pht ban
13. collide (v)
To come together with great or violentforce
As usual, their holiday was ruinedwhen their in-laws' views on politicscollidedwith their own
Va chm, va ng, xung t
18. persevere (v)
To keep going, despite obstacles ordiscouragement; to maintain apurpose
The hikerspersevereddespite thebad weather and the icy trail
Kin tr, bn ch
17. impact (n)
A strong influenceThe speech about the importance of
education made animpacton me.
Usage tips Impact is usually followedby on or of
nh hng, va chm
16. flood (n)
An overflowing of water; excessive
amountThe constant rain and poor drainage
system caused afloodin town.
The political party sent out a flood ofletters criticizing their opponents.
(n) Nn lt, trn ngp (v) a ti, chymu d con , a ra
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21. adapt (v) To adjust to thecircumstances; to make suitable
Dinosaurs could notadaptto thewarmer temperatures.
The teacheradaptedthe exercisesfor his more advanced students.
Usage tips Adapt is followed by to
Thch nghi, tra vo, phng theo
20. unleash (v) release thing/ emotion
When they saw the strange man ontheir property,theyunleashedtheirdogs.
He is from such an unemotionalfamily,he will never learn tounleashhis feelings
Tho xch, g rng buc, gy chin
19. plunge (v) go down suddenly;decrease by a great amount in ashort time
He jumped off the diving board andplungedinto the pool.
The value of the companys stockplunged
Lao xung, nhn chm, ri tt xung
24. feature (n) Part, characteristic
The bestfeatureof this car is itsheated seats.
Usage tips Feature is often followedby of.
(n) c trng, nt mt, tranh bimha c bit, tit mc ch cht
(v) m t, v, cao, chiu phim
23. evolve (v) To develop/ come forth
Modern-day sharksevolvedfromtheir ancestor Eros, which lived morethan 200 million years ago.
Usage tips Evolve is often followedby into or from
Tin ha, tin trin, suy ra, pht ra
22. diverse (a) Various;showing a lotof differences within a group
India is one of the most linguisticallydiversecountries in the world.
Usage tips An -ly adverb(e.g.,linguistically) often comes beforediverse
Gm nhiu loi/ thay i khc nhau
27. migration (n)Movement from oneplace to another by a group of peopleor animals (di tr, chuyn trng)
Themigrationof farm workers fromone state to the next dependsprimarily on the harvest.
Usage tips Migration is oftenfollowed by to or from
26. inherent (a) Naturallycharacteristic; always found within sthbecause its a basic part of that thing
No job can be interesting all the time.Boredom is inherentin any kind ofwork.
Usage tips Inherent is followed by in
Vn c, c hu
25. generation (n) A group of peopleborn at about the same time (sinh ra,th h, s pht in)
As older managers retired, a newgenerationof leaders took control ofthe company.
Usage tips Before generation, new,next, earlier, or older is common.Generation is often followed by of
30. survive (v)To continue living(despite some danger or illness)After getting lost in the mountains,Gordonsurvivedby eating wildplants and catching fish.
Usage tips Survive is often followedby a phrase with by
Sng qua c, tn ti
29. process (n)A series of stepsleading to a resultTo get a good job, most people gothrough a longprocessof letter-writing and interviews.
Usage tips Process is often followedby of plus the -ing form of a verb
(n) quy trnh (v) x l, kin, diu hnh
28. physical (a)Related to the body;related to materials that can be seenor felt (thuc t nhin, vt cht, thnth, thuc bo lc)
Because of the shape of its throat, anape does not have thephysicalability to speak.
The mountains form a physical barrierUsage tips Physical before noun
33. deplete (a) To greatly decreasethe supply of a resource or material
The prolonged wardepletedthecountrys national treasury.
Tho ht ra, lm rng, lm kit sc,(y hc) lm tan mu, tiu dch
32. contamination (n) Being made
less clean by a germ or hazardoussubstance
Thecontaminationin the river camefrom the factory located just upstream
S lm bn, s nhim bnh, c hai(v kch) thnh mt
31. constraint (n)Something thatrestricts thought or action
Theconstraintsof military life keptEileen from seeing Private Morrismore than once a month
S thc p, nn, s nht
36. emission (n) Sending out from asmall space into the generalenvironment; a substance dischargedinto the air (s/vt pht ra, bc ra)
The Environmental Protection Agencyregulates theemissionof pollutantsinto the air.
Usage tips Emission is usuallyfollowed by an of phrase.
35. elementally (adv) In terms ofelements; basically
Elementally, coal and diamonds arethe same
34. dispose of (v) To throw away; toget rid of; to kill (vt b, nh bi)
She disposed of her unwantedpossessions before moving.
The tyrant cruellydisposed ofall hisenemies.
Usage tips Dispose of should belearned as a unit
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39. shrink (v)
To be come reduced in size, amountor value
If you dry your clothing on the highheatsetting,they mayshrink.
Co li, ngn li, lm co
38. reservoir (n)
a place where a liquid is collected andstoredCult members threatened to poison thetowns waterreservoir
h cha, b cha, kho d tr, nguncung cp
37. extinction (n)
Complete disapearance; the end ofexistenceHuman beings have caused theextinctionof many other species.Usage tips: implies an absolute end;an extinct thing cannot be bring backinto existence
S gip tt, tan v, tuyt ging, tiuhu
42. arbitrary (adj)
choosen simply by whim or chance,not for any specific reason
The decision to build a school inBlackberry Township wasarbitrary,without any thought to future housingpatterns.
chuyn quyn, c on, tu tin,
41. adjust (v)
to change, to get accustomed tosomething
Travelers are advised toadjusttheirwatches before arriving in the newtime zone.
sa li cho ng, iu chnh, lm chothch hp
40. stable (adj)
firm and dependable, showing littlechange
He fell because the ladder wasntstable
vng chc, n nh, bnh tnh, kinnh vng vng, bn vng
45. infinitesimal (adj)immeasurably small
The number of contaminants in thewater wasinfinitesimal, so the waterwas safe to drink.
rt nh, nh v cng, vi phn
44. exponentially (adv)
In Turkey,the value of the lira hasdecreasedexponentiallyin the lastseveral decades
theo hm m
43. denominator (n)
The number written below the line ina fraction
In the fraction 1/2,the number 2 isthedenominator.
Mu s
48. proportion (n)
A part in relation to the whole
The average employee spends alargeproportionof each workdayanswering e-mails
Usage tips Proportion is oftenfollowed by of.
T l
47. parallel (adj, n, adv)
being an equal distance aparteverywhere
The street where I live runsparallelto the main road through town
Usage tips Parallel is often followedby to.
song song
46. maximize (v)to increase or make as great aspossible
A coach helps each athletemaximizehis or her potential
lm tng n tt , cc i ho
51. accuracy (n)
precision, exactnessThe research department checks allour articles foraccuracyof factsbefore we print them.Usage tips Accuracy is oftenfollowed by of.
sng n, s chnh xc, chnhxc
50. sequence (v)
Volunteers have been asked tosequencethe files and organize theboxes
To organize or arrange in succession
S ni tip, lin tip, lin tc
49. rate (n)
The cost per unit of a good or service;the motion or change that happens in acertain timePostalratesin Japan are among thehighest in the world.Some grasses grow at therateof oneinch per day.
T l, t gi, sut, mc, hng, loi
54. feasibly (adv)
practically, in a way that can workScientists cantfeasiblybring energyfrom deep ocean currents to where itis neededon land
thc hin c, kh thi
53. compress (v)
To press togetherTo make the foundation stronger,theycompressedthe soil beforepouring the concrete.
p, nn,
52. adjacent (adj)
next to
Even though the villages areadjacentto each other, theirresidents speak different languages
Usage tips Adjacent is often followedby to.
gn k, k lin, st ngay
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57. overlap (v)
To lie over part of something; to haveelements in common
One of the two assistants will likelyget fired, since most of their du-ties inthe officeoverlap.
Ln ln, gi ln, chng cho
56. integrally (adv)
in a whole or in complete manner
Writing and spelling are taughtintegrallyas part of the readingprogram.
trn vn, ton vn
55. gut (v)To empty or hollow outIn order to remodel the house, we mustfirstgutit and throw away all the oldfixturesUsage tips Gut also means thestomach of an animal; this verb makesan image, that the inside of a building islike the inside of an animal.Rt rut, lm rng, ph hu bn trong
60. structure (n)
something constructed, such as abuilding
Most companies have a socialstructure that cant be understood byoutsiders
kt cu, cu trc, cng trnh xydng, cng trnh kin trc
59. seep (v)
To pass slowly for a long time, as aliquid or gas might
As the containers rusted, the toxicwasteseepedinto the ground.
Usage tips Seep is often followed byinto or through.
Rra, thm qua
58. retain (v)
The rain fell so heavily that the banksof the river could notretainall thewater.
to keep or hold
gi li, ngn, nm (quyn kim sot)
63. derive (v)To come from, usually through along, slow process
The Cyrillic alphabet wasderivedfrom the Greek alphabet.
Usage tips Derive is often followedby from.
Xut pht t, chuyn ho t, tm thyngun gc t
62. corrode (v)To be slowly weakened by chemicalreactionsSitting in salt water, the old coinscorrodedand became very easy tobreak.Usage tips A familiar kind of corrosionproduces rust, the reddish coating oniron or steel that has been exposed toair and water.Gm mn, mn dn, rung ra
61. circulate (v)To move throughout an area or group; tomove along a somewhat circular routeThe gossipcirculatedquickly throughthe small town.Bloodcirculatesmore quickly duringphysical exercise.Usage tips Circulate is often followed bythrough.Lu hnh, truyn b, lun chuyn, tunhon, lan truyn
66. implement (v)
to make use of, to carry out
Not until after the new software wasinstalled could we implement the newfiling system
thc hin, thi hnh
65. expeditiously (adv
quickly and efficiently
Using carrier pigeons, the militarycommanders exchanged mess-sagesexpeditiously.
c li, thit thc, thch hp
64. detection (n)
discovering something that cannoteasily to be found
With new medical technology, thedetectionof cancer is much easiernowadays
Usage tips Detection is often followedby an of phrase.
s d ra, s tm ra, s pht hin
69. maintenance (n)
The act of keeping something in goodcondition
The only problem with living in such abig house is that it requires a lot ofmaintenance.
S gi gn, duy tr, bo v, bodng, bo qun
68. installation (n)
Setting something into possible for use
Installationof the new software takesonly four minutes.
St (h thng my mc)
67. innovative (adj)
Ahead of the times, novelTheinnovativeuse of props andlighting drew many favorablecomments
C tnh cht i mi, c tnh chtsng kin
72. component (n)
one part of a system or whole
Their home theater system has anumber of separatecomponents.
Usage tips Component is oftenfollowed or preceded by of.thnh phn, phn hp thnh
71. combustion (n.)
the process of burning
When air quality is poor,combustionof materials in afireplace is prohibited
Usage tips Component is oftenfollowed or preceded by of.
st chy, s chy
70. simulation (n)
An imitation or representation
To test car safety, automobile makersstudy crashsimulations.
Sng vai, s th vai, si lt, sbt chc, m phng
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111. agnostic (adj)
Believing that humans cannot knowwhether there is a god.
His devoutly Christian parents hadproblems with hisagnosticbeliefs.
(Trit hc) Thuyt khng th bit
110. retrieve (v)
To bring or get back
Most dogs can be trained toretrieveobjects that their owners havethrown.
Tm li c (vt mt);Ly; gi ra (thng tin c lu tr)B p c (mt mt, tn tht)
109. Recede (v)
To move back or away from.
After the age of 30, his hairline begantorecedefurther back from hisforehead.
Li li.
114. be inclined to (v)
To favor an opinion or a course ofaction.
He couldnt say which candidate hefavored, but he had alwaysbeeninclined tovote Republican.
113. atheist (n)One who does not believe in theexistence of a supreme being
He argued that his scientific trainingmade it impossible for him to beanything but anatheist.
ngi theo thuyt v thn
112. animism (n)The belief that natural objects, suchas trees, have souls.
Desert cultures that practiceanimismoften believe that winds containspirits.
(trit hc) Thuyt vt linh
117. ecclesiastical (a)
Ecclesiastic [i,kli:zi'stik] (a)Relating to a church
He was looking specifically for auniversity where he could studyecclesiasticalhistory.
(a) gio s, gio hi(n) gio s
116. deify (v)
To worship as a godWhen peopledeifythe leader of theircountry, the leader is able to abusepower more easily.
tn sng, sng biphong thn, tn lm thn
115. contemplate (v)
To consider thoughtfully
If youcontemplateeach step for solong, we will never complete thisproject on time.
suy tnh; d tnh
120. sacrifice (v)
Anything offered to a deity as a
eligious thanksgiving;very harvest time, the Fadeloni peopleacrificedvegetables to their gods asshow of thanks.giving up something in order to haveomething more valuable later onn order to succeed in his career, head tosacrificehis private life and hisisure time.
119. pious (a)
Having or exhibiting religiousreverence
Sometimes she was sopiousthatthe rest of us felt like heathens.
ngoan o, sng o, o c gi
118. exalt (v)
To praise or honorHe would oftenexaltthe virtues of hisnew wife.
cao, tn dnglm thm (mu...)
123. disease (n)An unhealthful condition caused byan infection or a longterm
Thanks to developments in medicine,many once-fataldiseasescan nowbe cured.
122. decrepit (a)
Weakened or worn out because ofage, illness, or excessive use
The once-beautiful building was nowdirty, decrepit, and roofless.
gi yu, hom hem, l khhnt, nt
121. aggravate (v)
To make worse; to anger or intensify
Running willaggravateyour soreknees.
lm trm trng thm, lm xu thmlm bc mnh, lm pht cu
126. persist (v)
To continue to exist; to hold to a
purpose, despite any obstacle.If your symptomspersist, you shouldgo see a doctor.
Lola persisted in her efforts tobecome a lawyer.
c chp; khng khngtip tc tn ti
125. forensics (n)
The use of science and technology to
investigate facts in criminal cases.Advances in the study offorensicshave made it much easier to identifycriminals from very small traces ofevidence.
php l
124. fatally (adv)
Causing death or disasterThe soldier wasfatallywounded inthe battle.
ch t, mt cch cht ngi
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129. vein (n)
Any of the tubes that form abranching system, especially thosethat carry blood to the heart
She became fascinated with humananatomy, especially when shelearned howveinstransport oxygen.
(gii phu) huyt qun, tnh mch(thc vt hc) gn l
128. terminal (adj)
Located at an end; approachingdeath
The cancer ward at the hospital heldbothterminaland recoveringpatients.
giai on cui cnghc k, xy ra mi hc k
127. prognosis (n)
An educated guess of how somethingwill develop, especially a disease
The room fell silent when the doctorgave Senator Grebe a grimprognosisof months of treatment.
(y hc) d on (v s tin trin cabnh)
132. augment (v)
To make bigger or better by adding to
In some types of popular cosmeticsurgery peopleaugmentparts oftheir bodies.
The collegeaugmentedits courseofferings because studentscomplained that there were too fewchoices.
131. anesthesia (n)
Techniques for reducing sensationand feeling, especially to control pain
The Civil War was the first Americanwar whenanesthesiawas widelyused in surgery on soldiers.
Usage tips : Anesthesia andanesthetic are often usedinterchangeably.
130. wound (v)
To inflict an injury on
Sometimes he didnt realize his sharphumor couldwoundas well asentertain.
lm b thng
135. cure (v)
To restore to health
They say laughter can helpcuremany illnesses.
cha khi bnh
X l c th lu
Lu ha (cao su)
134. complication (n)
A factor that makes something moredifficult or
The surgeons could not easily stopthe bleeding because ofcomplications related to the patientsdiabetes.
s phc tp(y hc) bin chng
133. certifiably (adv)
In a manner that is officiallyrecognized
He couldnt be institutionalized untilhe was declaredcertifiablyinsane.
c th chng nhn
138. obese (a)Excessively overweight
More Americans areobesenowbecause U.S. culture encouragesovereating and discourages exercise.
bo ph, rt mp (v ngi)
137. inject (v)To insert a liquid by means of asyringe
The doctor used a needle toinjectthe medicine slowly into her arm.
tim thuc
136. implant (v)
To set in firmly; to insert in the bodysurgically
The actress had cheekimplantstomake her face look fuller.
cm cht vo
(y hc) cy di da
(n) m cy
141. astrological (a)
Related to the study of the position ofstars, the sun, and the planets in thebelief that they influence earthlyevents
Every day, Mona read herastrologicalforecast in thenewspaper, and she was careful if thehoroscope predicted trouble.
140. scar (n)
A mark on the skin left after a wound
has healed; a lasting sign of damage,either mental or physical
The surgery was successful, but it lefta largescaracross her abdomen.
so, vt so(ngha M) vt nh
139. procedure (a)
A specific way of performing or doingsomething
The flight attendant explained theemergency evacuationprocedure.
th tc (trong kinh doanh, (chnh tr),(php l).
144. horror (n)
Strong fear mixed with disgust
On Halloween night, all thehorrormovies were rented out.
s khip s
143. haunt (v)
To continually appear (in the form ofa ghost) in the same place or to thesame person
Some say the ghost of Princess Hildahauntsthis castle, appearing as aheadless form while she plays thepiano.
(ma qu) thng hay c mt mtni
142. divination (n)
Foretelling the future by finding
patterns in physical objectsIn Turkey, women offerdivinationsby reading the dregs from a coffeecup.
s bi ton
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147. notion (n) belief; fanciful impulse
The notion that older office equipmentis unreliable is inaccurate.
One morning, she suddenly took thenotion to paint her kitchen red.
Usage tips ~ that clause/ ~ to do sth
nim, khi nim, ngh/lng tin mh/k quc/c th sai
146. discriminate (Verb)
To choose carefully among options
The governor wisely discriminatedbetween urgent issues and those thatcould wait
Usage tips ~ between A&B/ A from B~ against/ in favor of sb
phn bit, phn bit i x
145. de facto (Adj)
Truly doing a job,even if not officially
Popular support established theCitizens Party as the de factogovernment
trn thc t, hnh thnh t o chnhor cch mng...., ko do dn bu
150. prejudiced (Adj)
Causing to judge prematurely andunfairly
Many consumers are prejudicedagainst commercial goods made inthird-world countries
c thnh kin, biu l thnh kin
149. paradigm (n)
pattern or model; set of assumptions
The usual paradigm for economicgrowth in developed countries doesnot apply to some poor nations.
Usage tips ~ for
mu, m hnh, kiu; h bin ho(ngn ng)
148. oppress (Verb)
keep down by force; weigh heavily on
Factory management oppressedworkers through intimidation
Be oppressed with poverty
nng, p bc n p
153. erudite (Adj) Highly educatedEven though Stella was only afreshman,she was considered eruditeby both her classmates and herprofessors
An erudite lecture
c hoc bc l hc vn su rng;uyn bc; thng thi
152. distinctly (Adv)Clearly
I distinctly remember saying that we
would meet at noon
ring bit; r rng, rnh mch, minhbch, r rt
151. curriculum (Noun)The courses of study offered by aneducational institution
The teachers met to design a newcurriculum for the Intensive EnglishProgram
cc mn hc trong 1 kho or cdy 1 trng; chng trnh dy
156. parochial (Adj)
Restricted in outlook;relating to thelocal parish
Marla moved from her ruralcommunity to get away from itsparochial thinking.
Dont send him to a parochial school
Thin cn, thuc gio x, nh th
155. implicitly (Adv)Without being stated;unquestioningly
By joining the competition,she agreedimplicitly to the rules
I trust my ban hien / ban iuimplicitly. Hehe
hon ton
154. fortify (Verb)
To strengthen
The high-priced drink had extravitamins and minerals to fortify thebody
Fortify ones courage/ fortified wine
cng c, lm cho vng chc, lm chomnh thm
159. secular (Adj + Noun)
Worldly rather than spiritual;notrelated to religion
Few private schools in the US aresecular/ Secular clergy/Secular music
th tc; thuc th gii trn tc, khngthing ling, c, mun thu, trmnm mt ln/ (n) gio sth tc
158. roster (Noun + Verb)
A list,especially of namesTwo of the names on the roster weremisspelled.
bng k tn vi nhim v phi thchin & thi gian thc hin; bng phncng/ (v) a vo bng phn cng
157. rigor (Noun)
trictness;difficult situations that comefrom following rules strictly
The wrestler followed his diet withrigor.
The rigors of military life toughenedthe young men quickly
Nghim khc, khc nghit, kh khn
162. artillery (Noun) Large guns thatshoot powerful shells;army units thathandle such guns (pho, pho binh)
An artillery barrage broke down thecitys thick walls within seconds.
The 47th Artillery fired on rebelscamped in the city center.
Usage tip artillery= army unitplural
161. allegiance (Noun)
Loyalty
My full allegiance to my country isbased on respect for its principles.
swear an oath of allegiance to King
Usage tips ~ to sb/sth
Lng trung thnh, bn phn
160. suspend (Verb)
cause to stop for a period; hang as toallow free movement
The trial was suspended when thejudge learned that one of the jurymembers knew the defense lawyer.
Circus acrobat is suspended in midair
Treo, nh ch, treo gi/ui, l lng
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165. hierarchy (n)
system of levels that places peoplegh or low accord-ing to their
mportancetarting as a lowly private,Burt Jonesradually rose through thehierarchyofhe army.sage tips Hierarchy is often followedy an of phrase thng cp bc, th bc, tn ti
164. cease (v)
stop
The lightning continued even after thethunder hadceased.
Usage tips Cease is found in officialstatements,not usually in everydayspeech
Dng, ngng, ngt, tnh, ht
163. battle (verb)
to fight against
The Viet MinhbattledFrench forcesat Dien Bien Phu for nearly twomonths in 1954.
Chin u, vt ln
168. rank (v)
o put into a many-leveled order,epending on importance or achievement
he MarinesrankedJim Hurst highest
mong all their officer can-didates.
p vo loi, sp xp thnh hng ng
167. mobilize (v)
To put members of a group intomotion
After a terrible storm,the governor
mobilizedthe National Guard to
rescue victims
huy ng, ng vin
166. in the trenches (advl)
In the middle of the hardest fighting orworkWith their unrealistic view of thiswar,our generals dont know whatthings are like outin the trenches.Usage tips Creates an image ofsoldiers fighting in a long,dug-out placein the battlefield.
171. annex (v)
To make something (usually land)part of another unit
Bardstown grew byannexingseveral
farms at the north edge of town.
Ph vo, thm vo, sp nhp, thntnh lnh th
170. strategic (adj)Related to long-term plans for achieving agoalThe United States has formedstrategic
friendships with Tajikistan and Mongolia to
have Central Asian bases in the future.Usage tips Strategic is often used withnouns for plansmu , chin lc
169. ratio (n)The relationship of one number oramount to anotherMilitary analysts say that theratioofattackers to defenders in a battle shouldbe about three to one for the attackersto win.Usage tips Ratio is very often followedby an of...to structuret s, t l
174. conquest (n)
takeover by force or continued efforthe first recordedconquestof
Mt.Everest was by Tensing Norgay and
ir Edmund Hilary.
sage tips Conquest is usually followedy an of phrase. xm chim, s chinh phc
173. collapse (v)
To fall down,usually because ofweakness
sp, sp , suy sp
172. apex (n)
The highest point
Gregory knew that his running skills hadto be at theirapexduring thetournament.Usage tips Apex is often used todescribe the high point of someonesabilities.
nh, ngn, chm
177. prevailing (adj)
Strongest or most common
Theprevailingattitude among our
neighbors is to be friendly but not too
friendly
Thnh hnh, ph bin, thng dng
176. invasive (adj)
Aggressively entering into someoneelses territory
Surgery with a laser is lessinvasive
than surgery with a knife or scalpel.
Xm lc, xm chim, xm ln
175. devise (v)
To find an original way to make anobject or a plan
The soldiersdeviseda way to cross
the river into enemy territory without
being seen
Sng ch, pht minh.
180. violation (n)
n action that breaks a law orgreement; mistreatment of somethingat deserves respecthe armys testing of new weapons wasviolationof the cease-fireagreement.Usage tips Violation is often followedy an of phrase.s vi phm, ph ri, xc phm
179. severely (adv)
Harshly;extremely
Commanders severely punished anysoldier who criticized the battle plan.
Kht khe, gay gt, mnh lit, gay go
178. resist (v)
To refuse to give in to a strong force ordesireAlthough many native nationsresisted,the U.S.government eventually tookover almost all Indian land.
Khng c, chng li
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183. consequence (n)
In order according to time
Usage tipschronologically is often usedwith arranged, organized, listed or someother word for order.
hu qu, h qu, tnh quan trng
in consequence: vy th
182. coincide (v)
Happen or exist at the same time
Usage tipsCoincideis often followedby a withphrase
ng nht, trng khp, xy ra ngthi
181. chronologically (adv)
A result, often one much later in timethan the cause
Usage tips Consequenceusuallyimplies something negative or seriousabout the result.
theo nin i, theo th t thi gian
186. diminish (v)
Make something smaller or weaker;become smaller or weaker.
The Protestant Reformationdiminishedthe power of the Roman Catholic Pope.
m m t t, khng r
185. deny (v)
Say that something is not true
Usage tips Denyis often followed bythe -ingform of a verb or by a thatclause.
ph nhn, t chi
184. core (adj)
an area or object at the center
Usage tips Coreis often followed byanother noun (e.g., core principle) or byan ofphrase.
Li, trung tm,ht nhn.
Ngha bng: ni y lng
189. Orwellian(adj)
Frightening and over controlled by agovernment that interferes in nearlyevery aspect of personal life
Biometric devices like eye-scannersallow anOrwellianlevel of governmentknowledge about everyones location.
188. Milieu(n).
General environment or surroundings
Many Vietnam veterans did not feelcomfortable in the antiwar socialmilieuof the 1970s
mi trng, hon cnh
187. Longitude(n).
A system of imaginary lines runningfrom north to south along the Earthssurface, where each line is numberedfrom 0 to180west or east.
(a l,a cht) kinh
192. commodity (n)
thing that can be bought and sold,uch as grain, oil, or wood
sage tipsA thing is called a ommoditynly in the context of buying or selling it.
t mua ca hng dng (nht lng trong nh); hng ho; tin nghi
191. allocate(v)To give out different amounts fordifferent purposes
Usage tipsThings that can be allocatedare things that can be
ch nh; dng (s tin vo vic g),cpcho (ai ci g); phn phi, phn pht;chia phn; nh r v tr
190. reconciliation (n)
Coming back together peacefully afterhaving been enemies
South Africa avoided a bloodbath afterapartheid by setting up a Truth andReconciliationCommission.
s ho gii, s ho hp, s iu ho
195. inflation(n)
A situation in which prices for manyitems rise quite fast
s bm phng, s thi phng; tnhtrng c bm phng, tnh trng cthi phngs lm pht
194. equity (n)
The value of ones Barnardsequityin the businessUsage tipsIn this meaning, followedby an inphrase.tnh cng bng, tnh v t, tnh hptnh hp l(t M,ngha M) yu sch hp tnhhp l; quyn li hp tnh hp l
193. decline(v)
To decrease in power or amountAmericas railroadsdeclinedbecausethe automobile dominated Americanlife.nghing i, dc nghing itn dn (ngy); x, x t (mt tri...);suy i, suy dn (sc kho); st xung
198. regulate(v)Control according to a set of rules
Trading on the New York StockExchange is the exchange and byfederal law.
iu chnh, sa li cho ngquy nh; chnh l, chnh niu ho
197. per capita(adv)For each person
Research shows were likely to sell 15light bulbsper capitaper year inmedium-sized cities.
li tc tnh theo mi u ngi (li tctrung bnh ca mi ngi)
196.net (adj)After all costs have been subtractedfrom an amount.
My gross salary is around 35,000, butmynetpay is closer to $29,000.
li, by, mng (n)
thc, cui cng, chung cuc (adj)
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201. accumulate(v)To build up a large amount ofsomethingOver several generations, theHarrington familyaccumulatedvastwealth by buying and selling land.
cht ng, chng cht, tch lu, gomgp li; tch lu vn
200. tangible(adj)Obviously real because it can be seen,touched, or otherwise observed.
Onetangiblebenefit of puttingelectrical cables underground is aclearer view of the sky.hu hnh, c th s m c,xc thc,hin nhin, r rng, khng th nghi ngc; c tht
199. subsidy(n)Money given by a government or otherorganization to support an activity.
tin do chnh ph chi ra h tr mtngnh cng nghip, ng h ngh thut,gi cho gi c khng tng ln; tin tr c
204. impoverish(v)To make a person or group poor.
The collapse of the steel industryimpoverishedeastern Ohio.
bn cng ho, lm cho ngho khlm kit mulm ht cng dng; lm hao mnlm cho kit sc, lm cho suy nhc
203. elite(adj)
Belonging to a special, honored
Messer is aneliteclimber whorecently mountain without extraoxygen.
202. affluence(n)
Wealth and the style of life that goeswith itMonadic grew up amidaffluence,which poorly prepared him for his radstudent days in crowded apartmentswith no servants.s giu c, s sung tc
207. prestige(n)
Honor and respect for being better thanthe average
The Grassleys enjoyed theprestigeofliving in the historic town, but they didnot feel at home there.
thanh th, uy th, uy tn
206. nobility(n)A group of socially prominent peoplewith special titles given by a king orqueen, such as dukeor countessUsage tips Nobilityis used as a namefor a group of distinguished people; itcan also mean a highly dignified formof behavior.tnh cao qu, tnh cao thng, tnh caonh, tnh thanh cao, gii qu tc, tnglp qu phi
205. luxury(n)Extreme comfort, beyond whatanyone needsAutomakers try to give their cars animage extras like heated seats andsatellite trackings xa x, s xa hoa, vt t gi vthch th nhng khng cn thit; hngxa x; xa xphm
210. working class(n)
People with low-paying (often unskilled)jobs who are not poor but who are notsecurely in the middle class.
209. prosper(v)
To do very well in ones business orpersonal life
Usage tipsA person can prosper; socan a group, a company, or an area.
thnh vng; phn vinh; thnh cng;pht t
208. privileged(adj)
Able to enjoy special advantages becauof ones position (usually because ofbeing born into a wealthy or powerfulfamily)
c c quyn, c likhng cn phi tit l, b mt v mt phl
213. asset (n)
A possession that has positive valueUsage tipsSome examples of assetsare real estate, cash, and stockshares.( s nhiu) ti sn (ca mt ngi haymt cng ty) c th dng tr n, (s nhiu) ca ci, ti sn, vt thucquyn s hu, (thng tc) vn qu,vt c ch, vt qu
212. assess(v)
To estimate the value of something
The Barnes building wasassessedat$1.3 million, but it can probably sell formuch more than that.quyt nh hoc n nh s lng caci g; c nh, c lng cht lngci g; nh gi
211. acquire (v)
To get something, usually somethingwith special value or meaning
Usage tipsUnlike get, acquireimpliesthat a possession has special value ormeaning.c, ginh c, thu c, tc, kim c
216. lease(v)`To rent something for a long time
(several months or years)
Some drivers prefer toleasea carrather than buy one.
hp ng cho thu, cho thu
215. jointly (adv)
Together with one or more other partiesIn most states, a husband and wife areassumed to own all their possessionsjointly.
cng, cng nhau, cng chung
214. hazardous(adj)Dangerous
Parents have to be careful not to buychildrens clothes and toys made ofhazardousmaterials.
mo him; nguy him
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219. safeguard (v)
o protect
burglar-alarm systemsafeguardsourouse when we go away onacation.sage tips:Safeguard implies continuousrotection over a long time.o v, che ch, gi gn
218. proprietor (n)
Owner, usually of a business or abuildingTheproprietorof Hekmans Windows isNels Hekman, grandson ofthe people who established the factory.Usage tips: Very often, proprietor isfollowed by an of phrase.Ngi ch, ngi s hu
217. liability (n)
Legal responsibility for harming a personor property; a disadvantageHenderson is just aliabilityto our workteam, because he never finishesanything on time.Usage tips: In its second meaning,liability is often followed by a tophrase.
Tin n, ngha v php l
222. dynamic (adj)
Full of energy
This job requires adynamicperson,
someone who will look for opportunities
instead of just waiting around for them.
Nng ng, si ni, ng lc hc,chc nng (y hc)
221. compensate (v)
To give an employee money or otherthings in exchange for the work
My pay doesnt properlycompensate
me for my efforts, but my other
benefits, like health insurance, fill in
the gap.
n b, b p, bi thng
220. sole (adj)
Only
Many people have wanted to invest inHarrys publishing business, but heremains thesoleowner.
Usage tips: appears before the nounnot come after a linking verb like be
Duy nht, n c, mt v chmt
225. incentive (n)A possible benefit that motivates aperson to do a certain thing
This citys willingness to support itspublic schools gave us anincentiveto move here with our two youngchildren.
Khuyn khch, ng vin, s khch l
224. exploit (v)
To take advantage of; to treatinconsiderately in order to profit
The company tried toexploitthe lowinterest rates to expand operations.
Khai thc, bc lt, li dng, hnhng dng cm, k cng
223. enterprising (adj)
Creative in thinking of ways to makemoney
Immigrants are often among the mostenterprisingmembers of society,because anyone brave enough to makean overseas .
Mnh dn, dm nghdm lm
228. merit (n)
Value; success based on ones work,not on luck
Pay raises at our company are basedonmerit, as determined by acommittee of managers.
Usage tips: Merit is uncountable.S xut sc, s xng ng, s kin
227. marginal (adj)
Not very significant or effective
Our new advertising campaign hadonlymarginalsuccess, raising salesby a mere 3 percent.
Mp, mp, kh trng trt (t ai)
226. industrious (adj)
Willing to work hard
The Dutch settlements in OttawaCounty were founded byindustriousfarmers who objected to frivolousbehavior such as dancing.
Cn c, sing nng
231. distill (v)
To remove one liquid from a mixtureof liquids by boiling; to get somethingvaluable from a confusing mix of ideas
The forest peoples of Southeast Asia
distillan alcoholic drink called darak
Chy nh git, chng ct (ha hc)
230. resign (v)
To quit ones job
Because of controversy over his
leadership style, Mortonresigned
from his job as president.
T chc, t b, cam chu
229. promote (v)
To move someone to a higherposition in a company
Because of his excellent handling ofthe Vredeman account, Jim Harriswaspromotedto vice president.
Thng cp, xc tin, y mnh
234. haggle (v)
To argue back and forth about a priceThe customer and the shopkeeperhaggledover the silver plate for morethan an hour.
Usage tips:followed by over or about.Tranh ci, mc c (kinh doanh)
233. extract (v)
To take out
International mining companies came tothe Malay Peninsula toextracttheregions massive tin deposits.
Trch, bn rt, nh, khai cn (ton)
232. entreprenneurial (adj)
Able to create business opportunitiesfrom a wide variety of circumstances
Many engineers of the 1970s madegreat computers, but only a few wereentrepreneurialenough to see thebusiness possibilities ..
Ngh thu khon
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237. proportionately (adv)
In an amount appropriate to each ofseveral recipients
The food aid was distributedproportionatelyper family, withlarger families receiving more.
Cn i, i xng
236. merchant (n)
A person who makes a living byselling things
The spicemerchantsof the easternmarkets charged top prices to theDutch and British sailors, who ..
Nh bun, thng gia, bun bn
235. intrepid (adj)Fearless
For nearly 200 years, only the mostintrepidcolonists would cross theAppalachian Mountains.
Gan d, dng cm
240. shuttle (v)
To move back and forth oftenbetween two places
The small jetshuttlesbetween KualaLumpur and Singapore nearly everytwo hours.
Con thoi, qua li nh con thoi, giaothng vn ti tuyn ng ngn
239. reward (n)
Something one gets for having donewell
The greatestrewardof being aparent is to see your child make awise decision.
Phn thng, thng cng, n n
238. prototype (n)
The first one made of a machine orsystem
The airplane manufacturer usesrobots to test everyprototype, just incase there is a problem with thedesign
Ngi u tin, vt u tin,
nguyn mu
243. bitterly (adv)
Strongly and with a lot of bad feelings
Senator Thomasbitterlyopposedthe movement to design a new stateflag.
Cay ng, chua cht
242. authority (n)The power to make decisions, to tellothers what to do.
The governor has theauthoritytocall the legislature together foremergency sessions.
Quyn th, ngi c thm quyn, tiliu c th lm cn cng tin cy
241. advocate (v)To speak out in favor of something
Some environmentalistsadvocate
removing large dams from the
Columbia River.
Ngi bin h, ngi bo cha,ngi ng h, ch trng, tn thnh
246. contest (v)To challenge
Dave Roper, who narrowly lost the
mayors race, contestedthe results,
demanding a recount of the votes.
Cuc thi, trn u, tranh lun, tranhci, tranh ginh, tranh c
245. coalition (n)
A group of several different groups orcountries that are working together toachieve a certain goal.
Several local churches, synagogues,and temples formed acoalitiontopromote understanding among
S lin kt, s lin minh
244. candidate (n)Someone who wants to be chosen,especially in an election, for aposition
In most U.S. elections, there are onlytwo major-partycandidatesforpresident.Ngi ng c, ngi xin vic, thsinh
249. policy (n)
An approved way for approaching acertain kind of situation
Thepolicysaid that governmentmoney could not be given to any one.
Chnh sch, cch x s, cc iukhon, s sng sut, khn ngoan
248. inaugurate (v)
To bring into public office; to startformally
The president is elected in Novemberbut isinaugurateduntil Jan..
Gii thiu, khai mc, khnh thnh,mu
247. election (n)
A process in which people chooseofficialsBecause of problems with vote-counting,international observers monitored thisyearselectionto make sure it was fair.S tuyn c, s bu c
252. allegedly (adv)
According to what people say
The chief financial officer of the
companyallegedlytook company
money for his personal use.
Mi ngi cho rng, c cho rng
251. accuse (v)
To say that someone did somethingwrong (e.g., committed a crime)
Jordan wasaccusedof using a
stolen credit card to buy about $300
worth of electronic equipment.
Buc ti, kt ti
250. poll (v)
To find out a small groups opinion so
that you can guess what a much largergroup thinksThe newspaperpolled500 registered
voters and found that only 27 percent
were in favor of expanding the city zoo.
Bu c, b phiu, thm d kin
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255. guilty (adj)
Responsible for doing something bad
The jury found that the director wasguiltyof embezzlement.
254. convict (v)
To decide that someone is guilty of acrime
Dean wasconvicted ofassault afterthe jury saw a video of him strikinganother man.
Usage tips Convict is often used in thepassive voice.
253. civil (adj):
Involving a dispute between twocitizens, not a criminal charge
In acivilsuit against his neighbor,Barney claimed that the neighborsdog had bitten him.
Usage tips :civil suit, civil action, civilcourt, civil proceedings, civilpenalties.
258. suspect (n)
Someone who, in the opinion of thepolice, might have committed acertain crime
The police were investigating theactivities of fivesuspectsin theliquor-store robbery.
(n)Ngi kh nghi, ngi b tnh nghi
257. peer (n)
A person who is ones social equal
In requiring judgment by a jury of onespeers, U.S. law meant to protect lower-class defendants from the possiblybiased judgment of upper-class juries..
(n) ngi cng a v, ngang hng
256. offense (n)
A specific act that breaks the law
Convicted twice of reckless driving,Victor will lose his license if hecommits another serious trafficoffense
(n)s vi phm, phm ti
261. apprehend (v)
To capture
The policeapprehendedthe robberysuspect as he tried to get on a bus toChicago.
(v) tm ly, bt ly
260. witness (v)
To see something, especially a crime,happen
Afterwitnessingthe car theft,Rodney called the police
(v) chng kin, lm chng
259. verdict (n)
A judgment in a court case
It took the jury only 30 minutes toreach averdictof guilty.
Usage tips Verdict is often the objectof the verbs reach or arrive at.
(n) li tuyn n, phn quyt
264. condemn (v)To speak out against something invery strong terms
Religious radicalscondemnedthegovernment for allowing alcohol to besold in restaurants.
(v) kt n, kt ti, x pht
263. bureaucratic (adj) quan liu
Related to a large organization with a lotof complicated procedures
Before I could speak with the chief, Ihad to go through abureaucraticrunaround of identity checks and writtenrequests.
Usage tips implies that something isinefficient and unnecessarily complicated.
262. ascertain (v) To make sure of
The police failed toascertainthat theman they arrested was the GregoryBrown they were really looking for.
Usage tips Ascertain is oftenfollowed by a that clause. Notice thatthe root of the word is the adjectivecertain, meaning sure.
(v) bit chc, xc nh chc chn
267. inquiry (n)
An investigation
The FBI launched aninquiryinto therelationship between organized crimeand the trucking company.
(n) Cu hi, yu cu thng tin; siu tra, thm vn
266. implicate (v)
To suggest that someone was involvedin a crime or other wrong behavior
No group claimed responsibility for thebombing, but the type of explosive usedimplicatesthe Heartland Freedom Militia
Usage tips Implicate is often followedby in.
(v) li ko, lm vng, dnh lu vo
265. evidence (n)
Something that makes the truth of astatement seem more likely
The most convincingevidencethatGarner robbed the store was avideotape from surveillance cameras.
(n) chng c, bng chng
70. surveillance (n) s gim st
process of watching something or
omeone for a long time, usually becausee person is suspected of something
olicesurveillanceof one suspectedar thief resulted in the arrest of ahole gang of carjackers.
sage tips Surveillance is oftenllowed by an of phrase
269. seize (v)
To take something against its ownerswill
Federal agents canseizeprivatehomes and other property possibly
(v) bt gi, tch thu; nm, chp, gi.
268. intrusively (adv)
In a way that brings an unwantedperson or thing into someone elsesaffairs
The new consultant from companyheadquarters appearedintrusivelyatmeetings
(adv) xm nhp, xm phm (n) Nn lt,trn ngp (v) a ti, chy mu d con
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273. contrary (adj)
Opposite
Contrary to most studies, Dr. Itoswork shows the worlds climate is notgetting warmer.
Usage tips Common phrases arecontrary to and on the contrary
(adj) i lp
272. assail (v)
To attack or criticize forcefully
With DNA evidence from the crimescene, the defense lawyerassailedthe police for falsely arresting hisclient.
(v) tn cng, xng vo nh.
271. analyze (v)
To examine something by looking atits parts
Chemistsanalyzedthe white powderand found it to be only a mixture ofsugar and salt.
(v) phn tch, nghin cu bn cht
276. inference (n)
A conclusion drawn from evidence
Inspector Dowdsinferencethat Ms.Miller was South African was basedon her accent.
(n) s suy ra, s kt lun
275. impair (v)
To make something less effectivethan usual
The snowimpairedJohns ability tohear anyones footsteps.
Usage tips The object of impair isoften [someones] ability to
(v) lm suy yu, km.
274. hypothesize (v) a ra gi thuyt
To make a guess, the correctness ofwhich will eventually be investigatedsystematically.
Scientistshypothesizethat planetscapable of supporting life exist beyondour solar system, but they have not yetseen any..
Usage tips Hypothesize is often followedby a that clause
279. tolerate (v)
To avoid getting upset aboutsomething
My math teachertoleratesa lot oftalking in her class, but my historyteacher tells us to be quiet.
(v) tha th, khoan dung; chu ng
278.suspicious (adj) nghi ng, kh nghiBelieving that something is wrong;acting in a way that makes peoplebelieve you have done something wrong
The neighbors becamesuspiciousofJim when he bought a big new car andsome fancy clothes. Jimssuspiciouspurchases made his neighbors think hemight be getting money illegally.
Usage tips Inherent is followed by in
277. objectively (adv)Based on unbiased standards, not onpersonal opinion
I dont like Mr. Rowan, but lookingobjectivelyat his sales numbers, Isaw that he was a very valuableemployee.
(adv) khch quan
282. cynically (adv)
Disrespectfully; emphasizing theweaknesses of otherwise respectedthings
Employees of the RoadwaysDepartmentcynicallyreferred totheir boss as the banker because hetook so many bribes.
(adv) bt cn o l
281. bribery (n)
Giving money or other gifts to agovernment official or other person inauthority in order to get specialprivileges
Bribery of police officers is commonin countries where police salaries arevery low.
(n) st lt, n hi l; mua chuc
280. versus (prep)
Against
In the debate, it was pro-war senatorsversusantiwar senators
Usage tips Versus is oftenabbreviated as vs. in sports contexts,or simply v. in legal contexts.
(prep) chng li, u vi.
285. grotesque (adj)
Extremely unattractive, in a way thatcatches a lot of attention.
Spending $3.5 million to redecoratethe governors house is agrotesquemisuse of public money.
(n) l bch, k cc.
284. evade (v)To get away from something that triesto catch you
The robbery suspects tried toevadethe police by fleeing to Canada.
(v) trnh khi, ln trnh
283. erode (v)
To wear away and become smallerPeoples respect for the governmenterodedas more officials werearrested for corruption.
Usage tipsErode can be intransitive(the beach eroded) or transitive (thewaves eroded the beach).
(v) xi mn, n mn.
288. reform (v)
To make big improvements
The new law was an attempt toreformthe system of giving money topolitical candidates.
(v) sa i, ci cch
287. prevalent (adj)
Common; easy to find because itexists in great amounts
Distrust of elected officials wasprevalentin our county becausemany of them were friends withcertain candidates.
(adj) ph bin, thnh hnh
286. integrity (n)
Personal honesty and good character
We dont have a problem with ouremployees stealing from the storebecause we hire only people with alot ofintegrity.
(n) tnh chnh trc, lim chnh.sd
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09. residual (adj)eft behind after most of a thing hasonen the airplane, agents foundresidualraces of heroin.adj) cn d, cn li, di ra
308. potent (adj)PowerfulA verypotenttype of marijuana withsurprisingly strong effects becameavailable in Burry town.(adj) c hiu lc, c hiu nghim(thuc...); c uy lc ln; c sc thuytphc mnh m (l l)
307. modify (v)Make small changes in order to get acertain resultPeople who live in high mountainsoftenmodifytheir car engines to runwell in the thinner air.(v) sa i, thay i
12. cohesion (n)Ability to stay together as a unitFamilycohesionis difficult if youngeople have to go far away to find
work.n) s dnh lin, s c kt
311. ancestral (adj)Relating to family members from earliergenerationsSweden is myancestralhomeland,from which my great-grandfatheremigrated in 1922.(adj) (thuc) ng b, (thuc) t tin
310. subtly (adv)In a quiet, hard-to-notice wayBysubtlychanging the soft drinksformula, we improved its taste andmade production cheaper.(adv) tinh vi, tinh t
15. kin (n)
Relatives
Even though my uncle didnt really likeme, he was kind to me because wewerekin.
n) dng h; h hng
314. inheritance (n)
Things passed down to you from yourancestors
Myinheritancefrom my grandmotherincluded her favorite necklace.(v) ca tha k, gia ti, di sn
313. descendant (n)
A direct relative in a later generation(such as ones son, daughter, orgrandchild)Billy Sisisky claimed to be adescendantof Jan Sisisky, a formerking of Poland.(n) con chu, hu du, ngi ni di
18. proximity (n)
NearnessThe house was comfortable, except forsproximityto a busy road.n) trng thi gn (v khng gian,
hi gian...); s gn gi
317. paternal (adj)
Relating to a fatherMy mothers parents have both died,but mypaternalgrandparents are stillalive.(v) c quan h h hng qua ngicha; v ng ni
316. legitimate (adj)
True and respectable; in the context offamily, born of a mother and father whowere married to each otherYou can skip the meeting if you have alegitimatereason.(v) ng lut; hp php; xc thc;chnh thng
21. affection (n)
An emotional closeness or warmthshowaffectionfor my girlfriend bypending time with her, not bypending money on her.n) cm gic a thch, yu mn
320. sibling (n)
Brother or sister
Mysiblingsand I got together to buyour parents a gift for their anniversary.(n) anh ch em rut
319. sentiment (n)
Feelings; opinion based on feelings
I share yoursentimentsabout airtravel, but I disagree that cars aresafer.(n) cm tnh
24. clique (n)
A small group of friends who are
nfriendly to people outside the group
High-schoolers formcliquesto gain
ecurity and acceptance.
n) bn, phng, ti, b l
323. bond (n)
To keep something from reaching acertain placeSome researchers say that there is an
especially strong emotionalbond
between twins.
(n) mi quan h; mi rng buc
322. associate (v)To regularly spend time togetherCarol doesntassociatewith people
who smoke.
(v) kt giao, kt hp, lin hp, linkt; cho gia nhp, cho cng tc
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27.fluctuate (v)
o change often,from one condition tonother
arths climatefluctuates betweenarm periods and cold periods.
sage tips Fluctuate is usually followedy a between phrase
ao ng
326. exclusive (adj).
Keeping out all but a few people
The mostexclusiveuniversities acceptonly people who want to attend.
Usage tipscan indicate a positiveopinion,but in thecontext of friendship,itcan mean attached only to oneperson.
Loi b, loi tr
325.confide (v)
To tell very personal thingsTeenagers are more willing toconfide
in a friend than in a parent.
Usage tips Confide is almost alwaysfollowed by an in phrase.
Th liu b mt
330. willing adj.
Agreeable and ready to do something
Because of their longfriendship,Professor Gardner waswillingto say a few words
Usage tips Willing is almost alwaysfollowed by a to + verb structure.
Sn lng
329. solidarity (n)
Standing together despite pressure tomove apart
Many student groups declaredsolidaritywith the Latino StudentAssociation
Usage tips Solidarity is usually usedin political contexts.
S thng nht
328. in common (adv)
As a shared characteristic
Billy and Heather have a lotincommonbasketball,a love ofpizza,and an interest in snakes.
Usage tips In common very oftenappears with the verb to have.
im chung
333. devotion (n)
A willingness to keep supportingsomeone you admire
Grant showed greatdevotionto hiswife
Usage tips Devotion is often followedby a to phrase.
S cng hin
332. despondent (adj)
Extremely sad and without hope forthe future
After his girlfriend left him,Johnson
wasdespondentand wouldnt talk to
anyone.
Tuyt vng
331. complex (adj)
Not simple; involving many parts thatwork together
A modern car engine is toocomplexfor
most car owners to repair by
themselves.
Phc tp
336. loyal (adj).Faithful
Carter wasloyalto his girlfriend andwould not date anyone else.
Usage tips Loyal is often followed bya to phrase.
Chung thy
335. engender (v).
To bring into being;to cause to exist
The governments warnings aboutterrorismengendered fearthroughout the nation.
Usage tips Engender is oftenfollowed by a noun for an emotion.
Sinh ra, gy ra, em li
334.dilemma (n).
A difficult choice between two things
I was caught in adilemmabetween
traveling by airplane and taking
train,which is slower but more
comfortable.
Tin thoi lng nan
339. reciprocity (n)
Doing as much for another as he orshe has done for you
Dan was giving a lot of attention toKelly, but he felt no reciprocity in theirrelationship.
S nhn nhng
338. proliferation (n).
An increase in the number ofsomething
The proliferation of fast-foodrestaurants has made it harder forAmericans
Usage tips Proliferation is very oftenfollowed by an of phrase.
Ph bin
337. passion (n)
An extremely strong emotion,likelove or anger
Debbie complained that there was no
passion in her marriage.
Nim am m
2. arrogantly (adv).
a way that shows a high opinion ofneself and a low opinion of others
enny told us about her party only one
ay in advance, arrogantly thinking we
ad nothing else to do.
341. antipathy (n).
A strong,long-lasting negative feeling
Myantipathytoward telemarketers isso strong that I am often rude tothem.
Usage tips Antipathy is oftenfollowed by a toward phrase.
340.vanish (v).
To disappear suddenly
When the sun came out,last nights
light snowfallvanished.
Bin mt mt cch t ngt
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345. despise (v.)
Hate very much
Tom grew todespise his greedy andunfriendly boss.
Xem thng, khinh mit
344. contemptuous (adj)
Having no respect
Most scientists arecontemptuousofreports that aliens from outer spacehave landed on the Earth.
Usage tips contemptuous of sb/sth
Khinh b, khinh khnh
343. berate (v)
say insulting & disrespectful things (=scold/ rebuke)
The teacher lost his job because hecruellyberatedstudents who mademistakes
Usage tips U can only berate sbdirectly- only when he/she can hear u
mng m, nhic mc
348. shame (n) Dishonor becauseone has done something wrong
Feeling deep shame because of theirsons crimes, the Ford family movedto a different town.
Shame on you! Thtng xu h
Usage tips Shame of/about sth
Xu h, ngng ngng, nhc,
347. obnoxious (a)
Bothersome; doing small things thatothers dont like
My obnoxious neighbor keeps talkingto me while Im trying to read in mybackyard
obnoxious smell / obnoxious gas
Kh chu, ng ght/gh tm; c
346. humiliation n.
An event that causes someone to feelthat she or he has lost the respect ofothers
Losing the chess tournament was agreat humiliation for Marie, and shenever played chess again
S/ tnh trng (b) lm nhc, lm bmt
351.adolescent (a, n)
Characteristic of a teenager; not fullygrown up
In policy meetings, George refuses toreason with anyone and just scowls inanadolescentway.
350. vitriolic (adj) Showing anextreme, hateful anger
The mayors vitriolic attacks againstthe city council only made him soundunreasonable.Usage tips Origin of vitriolic is vitriola strong chemical that could causepainful burns.
sunfuric; chua cay, thm c
349. stigmatize (v) mark with visiblefeatures making people think,perhaps incorrectly, that sb/sth iswrong
Cadburys beard and tattoosstigmatized him as a bad match forWall Street, so he couldnt find workas a financial analyst
Lm ni tnh cch xu/bu xu; ngst nung vo (ngi n l)
354. delinquency
Serious misbehavior; not doing whatone should do
Because of his laziness anddelinquency, Lefty was an unreliablefriend
Usage tipsA common combination isjuvenile delinquency, meaningcriminal behavior by a teenager.
353.conflict (v-n)
To fit so poorly together that thedifferences cause a problem
A teenagers need for security can
conflictwith his desire for
independence from his family.
352.cause (n)A political or social goal that onebelieves is right and works to achieve
Our river cleanup effort would be moreeffective if someone famous spoke outfor thecause.
357.hypocriticallyadv
In a way that accuses other people ofweaknessesthat the speaker also possesses
Henry spent $2,500 on a new suit and
thenhypocriticallyaccused me of
spending too much on clothes
356. hedonistic (adj)
Excessively interested in seekingpleasure
Suddenly wealthy, Allen fell into ahedonisticlife of parties, expensivedinners, and heavy drinking.
Usage tipsHedonisticusually impliesthat the pleasures are wrong.
355. fringe
Edge; in social contexts, parts ofsociety that look or act very differentfrom most people
Punk music got its start at thefringeof Londons rock music culture.
Usage tipsFringeimplies an edgethat is uneven and not very solid.
360. status quon
The systems and conditions that existnow
Lets just maintain thestatus quountil
we can think of a better way.
359. Rebelv.
To go against an established
system or authorityThe people of Ghurdiarebelledagainst the dictator and set up anew government.
Usage tipsRebelworks well inpolitical contexts and in contexts ofpersonal relationships
358. manipulation n
Quietly moving or influencing peopleor things inorder to get what you want
Bobsmanipulationof the bosss
feelings led to his promotion
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363.conflict (V)
To fit so poorly together that thedifferences cause a problem
A teenagers need for security can
conflictwith his desire for inde-
pendence from his family.
i lp, tri ngc
362. Cause (N)
A political or social goal that onebelieves is right and works to achieve
Our river cleanup effort would be more
effective if someone famous spoke out
for thecause.
S nghip
361. adolescent (adj)
Characteristic of a teenager; not fullygrown up
In policy meetings, George refuses to
reason with anyone and just scowls in
anadolescentway.
Thuc hoc tiu biu thi thanh nin
366hedonistic (Adj)
Excessively interested in seekingleasure
Suddenly wealthy, Allen fell into ahedonisticlife of parties,expen-sivedinners, and heavy drinking.Usage tips Hedonistic usually implieshat the pleasures are wrong.Ch ngha khoi lc
365. fringe (N)
Edge; in social contexts, parts ofsociety that look or act very differentfrom most peoplePunk music got its start at thefringeofLondons rock music culture.Usage tips Fringe implies an edge thatis uneven and not very solid1. Ven ra 2. Thnh phn cc oan
364. delinquency (N)
Serious misbehavior; not doing what oneshould doBecause of his laziness anddelinquency,Lefty was an unreliable friendUsage tips: A common combination isjuvenile delinquency, meaning criminalbehavior by a teenager.S phm ti, phm php
69. rebel. (V)
o go against an established system oruthorityhe people of Guardiarebelledagainst
he dictator and set up a newovernment.sage tips Rebel works well in politicalontexts and in contexts of personalelationshipsi lon, chng i
368. manipulation (N)
Quietly moving or influencing people orthings in order to get what you want
Bobsmanipulationof the bosssfeelings led to his promotion.S li ko, s vn ng (bng mnhkhe)
367. hypocritiaclly (Adv)
In a way that accuses other people ofweaknesses that the speaker alsopossessesHenry spent $2,500 on a new suit and then
hypocriticallyaccused me of spending
too much on clothes.Gi nhn, gi ngha
372. context (N)larger environment that something fitston thecontextof Soviet Russia, publicrt had to be about the triumph ofommunism and its leaders.Usage tips The preposition in oftenomes before context, and an of phraseten comes after it.Ng cnh
371. abstract.(Adj)
Not concrete and realistic; not obviouslyrelated to every-day experience
Abstractpainting became popular
partly because early photogra-phy was
very realistic.Tru tng
370. status quo (N)
The systems and conditions that existnow
Lets just maintain thestatus quo
until we can think of a better way.
Tnh trng
75.esthetically. (adv) a way that relates to beauty orppearancehe outside of the office building isstheticallypleasing,but the inside isark and unpleasant.sage tips Esthetically is often spelledith an aat the beginning:esthetically.. mt thm m, thm m
374. dimension (N)
A direction or surface along which
something can be measured; an aspectThe three dimensions of physical
objects are length,width,and depth.
Onedimensionof the problem is their
long history of competition.
Chiu, kch thc, kh
373. depict (V)
To show in pictures
Michelangelos painting on the ceiling
of the Sistine Chapeldepictsnine
scenes from the Bible.
M t, v
78. portrayal. (N)description or drawing that reflects a
ertain point of viewMostportrayalsof Abraham Lincoln
mphasize his sense of humor and hisonesty.sage tips Portrayal is often followed byn of phrase to indicate what is beingescribed. v chn dung, miu t
377.perspective (N)
A way of seeing from a particularlocation; a way of thinking about
somethingFrom myperspective, the entire towncan be seen through a set of largewindows.They held different perspectives on howto care for their aging parents.Vin cnh
376. Intrinsic. (Adj)
Being part of the basic nature ofsomething
Frequent elections areintrinsicto a
democratic system.
Thuc bn cht
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381. advent (N)
Coming; arrivalTheadventof the automobile greatly
ncreased the demand for petroleum.Usage tips Advent is usually followedy an of phrase.
Sn, s t
380. spectrum.(N)
A range of different things, usuallycolorsBarts colorful designs include everycolor of thespectrum, from deep blueto vibrant red.Usage tips The phrase the spectrumfrequently means the colors that thehuman eye can see.Hnh nh, ph mu
379.realism (N)
A technique that tries to picturesomething as it really looksRealismwas popular amongseventeenth-century Flemish painterslike Rembrandt van Rijn.Ch ngha hin thc
384. decipher. (N)o figure out the meaning, even thoughis written in a code or an unknownnguagehe Rosetta Stone helpedrchaeologistsdecipherancientgyptian writing.sage tips A cipher is a code oruzzle;decipher means solve a puzzleritten in code.
S gii m
383. connotation (N)A meaning implied,not stated directly
When my boss says, Thank you, the
connotationis that shes done talking
and I should leave.
Ngha rng
382. ambiguous (Adj)Having more than one possiblemeaning
The sentence Its hard to say is
ambiguous, with different meanings
in different contexts.
M h, lng ngha
387. ingenious (Adj)
Very clever and imaginative
Ann thought up aningeniousway to
keep other people from accidentally
taking her pens.
Thng minh v giu tr tng tng
386. illiterate (Adj)
Unable to read
In many villages nearly everyone was
illiterateand unschooled, and the few
who could read held great power
Khng c kh nng c
385.denote (V)
To mean something clearly anddirectly
An Xnext to a name on this list
denotesa person who has been
chosen for the soccer team.
Biu hin, biu th, chng t
390. symbolic. (Adj)cting as a sign for some other thing oreaince the 1970s,yellow ribbons haveeensymbolicof hope that someoneill return from a dangerous situation.
Usage tips Symbolic is often followedy an of phrase indicating the meaning a symbol.Biu tng
389. phonetic (Adj)
Related to the sounds in a language
Children learning to write often make up
phoneticspellings, based on the way a
word sounds.
Ng m
388. inscription. (N)
Something written into a piece of rockor metal
Theinscriptionon my ring says
August 1,because that was the day
of our wedding.
1. Cu vit, cu khc (trn bia)
93. charismatic (Adj)xtremely attractive and charming
ecause of the sparkle in his eye andis confident style,John F.Kennedy
as acharismaticleader.t quyn r v thu ht
392. cast (N)The group of actors in a play, movie,
television show, etc.Some viewers mistakenly start thinkingthat a TV shows cast members arereally the characters they play.Usage tips In U.S.Eng, cast is singular.In some other varieties of English it isplural.S phn phi cc vai din
391. amateurish (Adj)
Not good enough to be the work ofprofessionals
Whoever painted this room did an
amateurishjob, with all sorts of
uneven edges.
Ti t, ko chuyn nghip
396. improvisation (N)
Inventing a solution to an unexpected
problemBoy Scouts take pride in their
improvisationwhen faced with
trouble during a camping trip.
Sng bin
395. hilarious (Adj)
Very funny
In my opinion, the mosthilarious
character on television was Basil
Faulty.
Hi hc
394. Gala. (Adj) Expensive,elaborately arranged, and full ofcelebration
A college graduation party should bea gala affair, not a backyardbarbecue.
Usage tipsGala is somewhat old-fashioned, far more common in printthan in speech
t tin
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399. skit (N)
A short, informal play
Marine and Chris spent a long time
practicing theirskitfor the school
show.
V kch ngn, tro phng
398. medium (N)
A channel or way for a meaning to beexpressed
Watercolor art is often considered
childish, but some artists have
achieved great things working in that
medium.
Phng tin
397. incompetent (Adj)
Unskilled; lacking the ability toperform a task
Because we hired anincompetentbuilder to replace our roof, we nowhave leaks everywhere.
Usage tips Usually, incompetentimplies that someone tries to do
Khng c nng lc
402. reckless (adj)
careless, rash
bt cn, vi vng, hp tp
401. recede (v)
retreat, go back, subside, withdraw
li li, rt lui, rt li
400. zeal (Nj)
Enthusiasm; a deep determination todo well
Unfortunately, Tomszealto become
a rock star distracted him from his
studies.
Usage tips Zeal is often followed byto plus a verb or by a for phrase.