Download - 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
1/104
SEMINARIO INTERNACIONALTECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN
EN PAVIMENTOS DE CONCRETO
LIMA 29 MARZO 2010
ORGANIZADO POR:
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
2/104
ENSAYO ACELERADO DE
PAVIMENTOS DE CONCRETOCON LOSAS OPTIMIZADA
Jeffery Roesler, Ph.D., P.E.
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Profesor Visitante
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión de la Construcción
Lima, Peru
29 de Marzo 2010
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
3/104
Concrete Slabs with Optimized Geometry
Acknowledgements
University of Illinois (UIUC)
Victor Cervantes, M.S
Armen Amirkhanian, Tyler Waddle
Professor Jose Balbo (Sabbatical at UIUC- Summer 2008)
University of São Paulo
RESEARCH SPONSORS
TCPavements, Limitada (Santiago, CHILE)
Juan Pablo Covarrubias T, Juan Pablo Covarrubias V
Patente Industrial en Chile N° 44820-2009
U.S. Patent: N° 7,571,581
World Organization of Intellectual Property (PCT/EP2006/064732)
www.tcpavements.com
http://www.tcpavements.com/http://www.tcpavements.com/
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
4/104
Concrete Slabs with Optimized Geometry:
Design Concept
Concrete slabs designed and constructed such that
only one set of truck wheels rest on a single slab
Reduced slab tensile stresses or allowable wheel loads
increase
Thinner concrete pavements (7 to 10 cm less than
traditional AASHTO design)
Lower initial construction costs
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
5/104
Concrete Slabs with Optimized GeometryPavement Design Features Evaluated
Short slabs (
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
6/104
Research Objectives at Univ. of Illinois
Concrete Slabs w/ Optimized Geometry:
Conduct full-scale accelerated pavement tests ofthinner concrete pavements
Slab responses
Failure patterns
Fatigue performance (cracking and joint)
Full-scale evaluation
Fatigue life of 9, 15, & 20cm slab thickness
1.8mx1.8m slab size
Stabilized and unstabilized base layer Fiber vs. no fibers
Edge vs. wheel path loading
Full-scale results for design software validation
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
7/104
Concrete Slab Test Sections
Constructed
1.8m
1.8m
40m’Plain concrete
Fiber reinforced
concrete
(a)
free edge 1
2
h= 10cm h= 15 cm
1.8m
1.8m
40m
(b)
1
2
free edge
h= 15 cm h= 20 cm
1.8m
1.8m
40m
(c)
1
2
free edge
h= 9cm h= 9cm
ACB
Concrete
~18cm
h
1.8m 1.8m
(a)
15cmAggregate Base
Nonwoven geotextile
Concrete h
1.8m 1.8m
(b)
22 slabs per sectionOnly 14 slabs loaded
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
8/104
University of Illinois: Full-Scale
Testing Facilities (ATREL)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
9/104
Subgrade Preparation
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
10/104
Geotextile and Granular Base
Compaction
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
11/104
Asphalt Concrete Milling (Section 1)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
12/104
Concrete Mixture Design
Material Quantity (kg/m3)
Coarse Aggregate 1128
Fine Aggregate 720
Cement 250
Fly Ash (Type C) 83
Water 140
STRUX 90/40 Fibers 3.6
Daracem 19* 26 (Fl oz/ yd3)
w/cm = 0.42
Flexural Streng th
= 6.7 MPa
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
13/104
Prior to Concrete Casting
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
14/104
Casting Day – October 15, 2007
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
15/104
Final Concrete
Placement
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
16/104
Sawcutting Operation
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
17/104
Steel Pins for Lateral Restraint
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
18/104
Concrete Pavement Test Sections
Before Loading
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
19/104
Instrumentation Layout
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
20/104
Instrumentation Types
STRAIN GAGESThermocouples
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
21/104
FWD TestingNovember 2007
0.1 mm = 4 mils
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
22/104
(Advanced Transportation Loading ASsembly)
ATLAS
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
23/104
ATLAS Dimensions and Weight
Main Beams
Carriage
Winch
Track System Track System
End Weldment
Engine &
Hydraulics
Total =80,000 kg
38m
End Weldment
3.6m
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
24/104
Summary of ATLAS Features
Load capacity: 350 kN
Dual tires: load to 80 kN
Aircraft tire: load to 310 kN
26m traffic length (20m at 14 kph) Uni- or Bi-directional
Adjustable lateral position
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
25/104
ATLaS: Wheel Loads
Duals
44kN
90kN
Aircraft
44kN
90kN
130kN
220kN
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
26/104
Project Site in January 2008
D fl ti S (LVDT ) 9
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
27/104
Deflection Sensors (LVDTs) – 9cm
Sections
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
28/104
Edge Loading – 9 cm Slabs
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
29/104
ACCELERATEDPAVEMENT
TESTING
January 2008
•229,000 ESALs without any cracking•Frozen base/subgrade (CBR~100)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
30/104
How do you calculate ESALs for
Accelerated Pavement Tests?
P = wheel load (kN)
n = number of passes of wheel load (P)
= wander magnifications factor (e.g., max. 20)
2.4
40
PnESAL
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
31/104
Determinations of Magnification
Factor ( ) for Channelized Traffic
4
225000 MOR
N n
a
)18(allow
e
)n(allow
e
N
n
N
n
Vesic and Saxena (1969) – AASHO Road Test
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
32/104
Section 3B – 9 cm FRC
TENSILE STRAIN
8 mm - F iber R einforced C onc reteS trains - Winter
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Passes
i c r o s t r a i n
58 E
59 J
59 E
40kN22kN
Winter 2008
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
33/104
Deflection Measurement Definition
8 L
8 M
8 R
N
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
34/104
Section 3A – 9 cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
G ranular Bas e - 8mm - P lain C onc rete
V E R T I C AL L V DT S
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Passes
D e f l e c t i o n s ( i n 51 M
51 R
52 L
52 M
52 R
53 L
Winter 2008
40kN22kN
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
35/104
Section 3B – 9 cm FRC
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
G ranular Bas e - 8 mm F ibers R einforc ed C onc reteV E R TIC A L L V DTS
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
P asses
D e f l e c t i o n s ( i n 57 R
58 L
58 M
58 R
59 L
59 M
Winter 2008
40kN22kN
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
36/104
April 2008 – Spring-time Loading
Near edge trafficking
Soil has low CBR 4
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
37/104
Plain (slabs 49 to 55)
FRC (slabs 56 to 62)
Section 3 (South)
9 cm Edge Loading (22, 40, 53 kN)
March 2009
Fibers Plain Concrete
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
38/104
SECTION 3 (South)
CRACK DEVELOPMENT
4/19/08 4/21/08 Final
193,000 ESALs 234,000 ESALs235,000 ESALs
9 c m -
F R C
9 c m
- P l a i n
S f C k d Sl b (9
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
39/104
Summary of Cracked Slabs (9
cm)*Passes*
kN40
LoadESAL
2.4
Load(kN)
PassesCumulative
PassesESALs
CumulativeESALs
Cracks9 cm
Plain /Granular
Cracks9cm FRC /Granular
22 2,643 2,643 4,477 4,477 0/7 0/722 2,778 5,421 4,706 9,183 0/7 0/7
40 3,000 8,421 60,000 69,183 0/7 0/7
40 309 8,730 6,180 75,363 0/7 0/7
40 5,875 14,605 117,500 192,863 4/7 1/7
40 2,053 16,658 41,060 233,923 4/7 2/7
53 10 16,668 670 234,592 7/7 3/7
Total 16,668 234,592 7/7 3/7
Cracking on 9 cm Section
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
40/104
Cracking on 9 cm Section
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
41/104
Section 3A (South)
9 cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
8 mm - Plain Concrete - Vertical LVDT - Spring
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
Passes
R e b o u n d D e f l e c t i o n ( i n )
51 M
51 R
52 L
52 M
52 R
53 L
40 kN22 kN
53 kN
S ti 3B (S th)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
42/104
Section 3B (South)
9 cm FRC
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
8 mm - Fiber Reinforce Concrete - Vertical LVDT - Spring
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
Passes
R
e b o u n d D e f l e c t i o n
( i n )
57 R
58 L
58 M
58 R
59 L
59 M
40 kN22 kN53 kN
Section 3 – (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
43/104
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 5000 10000 15000
E f f i c i e n c y ( % )
Passes
Section 3 - LTE
Joint 51
Joint 58
Section 3 (South)
9 cm PCC & FRC
LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
40 kN22 kN
53 kN
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
44/104
Section 3 – North
9 cm Longitudinal Joint (40 kN)
March 12, 2009
FRC Plain
Longitudinal Joint
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
45/104
Section 3 (North) Wheel Path Loading
Final Crack Map
9 c m -
F R C
9 c m - P
l a i n
4700 ESALs 64,000 ESALs
Slab 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
Slab 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
Slab 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
Slab 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
48,000 ESALs
Slab 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
Slab 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
P Sl b C ki
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
46/104
Percent Slab Cracking:
9 cm Concrete Slabs with/without Fibers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.00E+00 5.00E+04 1.00E+05 1.50E+05 2.00E+05 2.50E+05
ESALs
C r a c k e d S l a b s (
% )
Plain (South)
FRC (South)
Plain, Wheel Path(North)
FRC, Wheel Path(North)
Plain, Longitudinal(North)
FRC, Longitudinal(North)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
47/104
SECTION 2 (North)
CRACK FORMATION
Slab 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Slab 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
5/5/08 5/9/08 5/10/08 5/12/08
14 Million ESALs 17.2 Million ESALs 19.2 Million ESALs 19.6 Million ESALs
2 0 c m
1 5 c m
SECTION 2 (S h) 5 d 20
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
48/104
SECTION 2 (South) - 15 and 20cm
Summary of Cracked Slabs
Load
(kN)Passes
Cumulative
Passes
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
15 cm /
Granular
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
20 cm /
Granular
40 7287 12,662 139,182 0/7 118,778 0/7
66 6150 13,437 1,143,042 0/7 975,476 0/7
89 10,227 23,664 6,731,462 0/7 5,744,651 0/7
111 6995 30,659 16,489,232 2/7 14,071,963 0/7
111 2651 33,310 20,187,281 3/7 17,227,889 0/7
111 1655 34,965 22,495,945 3/7 19,198,111 0/7156 75 35,040 22,925,840 4/7 19,564,984 0/7
TOTAL 35,040 4/7 0/7
15 and 20 cm Cracking Performance
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
49/104
15 and 20 cm Cracking Performance
Section 2A (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
50/104
( )
15cm Plain Concrete
TENSILE STRAINS
S ection 2A - S train
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Passes
i c r o s t r a i n
30J
30E
31J
31E
40kN 67kN 89kN 111kN 156kN
150 mm - Strain
Section 2B (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
51/104
( )
20cm Plain Concrete
TENSILE STRAINS
S E C TION 2B - S train
0
50
10 0
15 0
20 0
25 0
30 0
35 0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Passes
i c r o s t r a i n
37 J
37 E
38 J
38 E
200 mm - Strain
40kN 67kN 89kN 111kN 156kN
Section 2A (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
52/104
( )
15cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
S E C T ION 2A - VE R T IC AL L V DT S
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
P a sse s
R e b o u n d D e f l e c t i o
n s ( i n
29R
30L
30M
30R
31L
31M
150 mm
40kN 67kN 89kN 111kN 156kN
Section 2B (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
53/104
( )
20cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
S E C T IO N 2B - VE R T IC A L L V DT S
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Passe s
R e b o u n d D e f l e c t
i o n s ( i n
36 R
37 L
37 M
37 R
38 L
38 M
200 mm
40kN 67kN 89kN 111kN 156kN
S i 2 (S h)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
54/104
Section 2 (South)
LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
S ection 2 - LT E
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Passes
E f f i c i e n c y (
J oint 29
J oint 30
J oint 36
J oint 37
40kN 67kN 89kN 111kN 156kN
Permanent Deformation
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
55/104
Section 2a – 15cm Plain Concrete
40 kN Wheel Load
9 kips loading test - Section 2a - VERTICAL LVDTS - Permanent or Plastic Deformation
-0.07
-0.06
-0.05
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Passes
D I S P L A C E
E N T ( i n c h e s
LVDT 1 LVDT 2 LVDT 3 LVDT 4 LVDT 5 LVDT 6
S i 2 (N h)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
56/104
Slab 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Slab 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Section 2 (North)
CRACK FORMATION
April 2009
51 Million ESALs
17 Million ESALs
2 0
c m
1 5 c m
P t Sl b C ki
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
57/104
Percent Slab Cracking:
15 cm and 20 cm Concrete Slabs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.00E+00 1.00E+07 2.00E+07 3.00E+07 4.00E+07 5.00E+07 6.00E+07
ESALs
15cm (South)
20cm (South)
15cm (North)
20cm (North)
% S
l a b s C r a c k e d
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
58/104
Section 1 (10 cm and 15 cm)
Concrete Slabs on Asphalt Concrete Base
Asphalt Concrete
Concrete
21.5cm & 14cm
h=10cm & 15cm
1.8m 1.8m
(a)
1.8m
1.8m
40m’ Plain concreteFiber reinforced
concrete
(a)
free edge 1
2
h=10cm h= 15 cm
1.8m
1.8m
40m’ Plain concreteFiber reinforced
concrete
(a)
free edge 1
21.8m
1.8m
40m’ Plain concreteFiber reinforced
concrete
(a)
free edge 1
21.8m1.8m
1.8m1.8m
40m’40m’40m’ Plain concreteFiber reinforced
concretePlain concrete
Fiber reinforced
concrete
(a)
free edge 11
22
h=10cm h= 15 cm
SECTION 1 (S th) A h lt B
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
59/104
Slab 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Slab 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
SECTION 1 (South) – Asphalt Base
CRACK FORMATION
57.5 Million ESALs
1 5 c m
1 0 c m
SECTION 1 (South) 10 and 15 cm
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
60/104
SECTION 1 (South) - 10 and 15 cm
Summary of Cracked Slabs
Load
(lb)Passes
Cumulative
PassesESALs
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks10 cm /
Asphalt
Cracks15 cm /
Asphalt
9,000 2,506 2,506 50,120 50,120 0 0
15,000 2,500 5,006 427,302 477,422 0 0
18,000 2,500 7,506 918,959 1,396,381 0 0
21,000 3,499 11,005 2,457,403 3,853,784 0 0
25,000 1,126 12,131 1,644,742 5,498,526 1 0
25,000 1,211 13,342 1,768,901 7,267,428 2 0
28,000 2,300 15,642 5,407,581 12,675,009 5 0
31,000 2,200 17,842 7,931,462 20,606,471 5 0
34,000 25 17,867 132,850 20,739,321 5 0
35,000 2,730 20,597 16,385,507 37,124,828 6 1
35,000 1,170 21,767 7,022,360 44,147,188 7 1
33,000 1,642 23,409 7,697,384 51,844,572 7 1
33,000 347 23,756 1,626,670 53,471,243 7 1
33,000 274 24,030 1,284,460 54,755,703 7 1
33,000 62 24,092 290,644 55,046,347 7 1
35,000 416 24,508 2,496,839 57,543,186 7 1
Total 24,508 5.75E+07 7/7 1/7
Section 1 (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
61/104
10 & 15 cm Plain Concrete
TENSILE STRAINS
35kips
33kips
35kips
31kips25kips
28kips21kips
18 kips9 kips
15 kips
Section 1A (South)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
62/104
10 cm Plain Concrete
VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS
35kips
33kips
35kips
31kips25kips
28kips21kips
18 kips9 kips
15 kips
S ti 1 (S th)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
63/104
Section 1 (South)
LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY
SECTION 1 (North) Asphalt Base
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
64/104
Slab 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Slab 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
SECTION 1 (North) – Asphalt Base
CRACK FORMATION
69.3 Million ESALs
1 5 c m
1 0 c m
SECTION 1 (North) 10 and 15 cm
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
65/104
SECTION 1 (North) - 10 and 15 cm
Summary of Cracked Slabs
Load
(lb)Passes
Cumulative
PassesESALs
Cumulative
ESALs
Cracks
10cm. / Asphalt
Cracks
15 cm / Asphalt
9,000 2,700 2,700 54,000 54,000 0 0
15,000 2,500 5,200 427,302 481,302 0 0
21,000 2,230 7,430 1,566,164 2,047,466 6 0
21,000 270 7,700 189,625 2,237,092 6 0
25,000 136 7,836 198,654 2,435,746 6 0
25,000 2,680 10,516 3,914,662 6,350,408 7 0
30,000 4,870 15,386 15,298,529 21,648,938 7 0
*Trafficking on 6 in. slabs only.
35,000 500 15,886 3,001,009 24,649,946 7 1
35,000 1,000 16,886 6,002,017 30,651,964 7 1
35,000 3,500 20,386 21,007,061 51,659,024 7 2
35,000 2,954 23,340 17,729,959 69,388,983 7 4
Total 23,340 69,388,983 7/7 4/7
Section 1 10 cm Slabs
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
66/104
Section 1 - 10 cm Slabs
Fatigue Cracking Failure
NorthLarger amount of
moisture present
South
P Sl b C ki
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
67/104
Percent Slab Cracking:
10 and 15 cm Slabs on Asphalt Concrete
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0E+00 1.0E+07 2.0E+07 3.0E+07 4.0E+07 5.0E+07 6.0E+07 7.0E+07 8.0E+07
ESALs
10cm (South)
15cm (South)
10cm (North)
15cm (North)
% S
l a b s C r a c k e
d
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
68/104
Application for Overloaded Vehicles
20 cm slabs
51 million ESALs without cracks
16 t wheel load (155kN) for 8,000 passes
Laboratory slab capacity tests: 10 & 15cm
9 cm Peak Loads (FRC)
80 kN
15 cm Peak Loads
100 to 145 kN
Concrete Slab Size effect?
Thinner slabs are nominally stronger
Bazant et al.
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
69/104
9cm and 15cm
Concrete Slab Tests
1.8 x1.8m slab geometry
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
70/104
Test DataSlab Load Capacity
Maximum Allowed Single
wheel Load ≈ 40 kN
9cm
15cm
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
71/104
Effect of Support Layer Stiffness
Soil CBR has large impact on cracking especiallyfor thinner slabs (~10cm)
Frozen soil test (or granular soil)
Spring thaw test
Spring test
Base type has a tremendous effect on fatigue life
of slab
Granular base vs. asphalt concrete base
Effects of Structural Fibers on Slab
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
72/104
Effects of Structural Fibers on Slab
Performance
Verified previous finding on fibers influence onconcrete slab resistance to cracking
Four benefits of structural fibers:
Extend fatigue life
Slow rate of crack deterioration
Promote load transfer
Eliminate need for lateral restraint pins
Economical feasible for slabs < 15 cm to 20 cm (?)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
73/104
Lateral Restraint Pins
Use fibers in concrete
How did the Joints Perform?
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
74/104
How did the Joints Perform?
Are dowels needed at high traffic levels?
What was the long term load transfer? Will faulting or slab misalignment?
Did fibers help joint performance?
S ection 2 - LT E
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Passes
E f f i c i e n c y (
J oint 29
J oint 30
J oint 36
J oint 37
40kN 67kN 89kN 111kN 156kN
Slab Response Analysis
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
75/104
Slab Response Analysis
ISLAB2000 vs. Measured
Deflection basins match reasonable well
FWD results
Moving wheel load
Predicted strains are slightly higher than
measured
Built-in curling ~ -5C
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
76/104
Summary of Testing
9 cm section with high CBR (frozen soil) 230,000 ESALs w/o cracks
9 cm section cracks began in Spring 2008
75,000 and 193,000 ESALs
Fiber reinforced concrete outperformed plain
concrete (9 cm)
Free edge, wheel path, longitudinal joint Less cracks
More functional after cracks
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
77/104
Summary, con’t
15 cm fatigue cracking performance
12 million ESALs on granular base (average)
30 million ESALs on asphalt concrete base (average)
20 cm no fatigue cracks at 51 million ESALs
Permanent deformation caused cracking
Base/subgrade
CBR = 3 to 4 of soil
Higher deformations initially at joints with wide cracks
No transverse faulting measured under APT
Practical Observations:
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
78/104
Practical Observations:
Keys to Slab System Performance
No pumping of base/soil layer Lower fines content in base layer
Low permanent deformation of base/soil
min. thickness = 15 cm
Full-support of slab
Limited curling
Structural Fibers for slabs
< 15 cm to 20cm (?)
Edge support shoulder or curb/gutter
Will improve fatigue life
Concrete Slab vs. Beam failure!
Questions / Comments
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
79/104
Q
217-265-0218
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
80/104
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
81/104
Recent Projects with
Optimized Slab GeometryDesign Concept
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
82/104
Ruta 5: km-251
• Condiciones actuales
– CTB con Kc = 137 Mpa/m
– Espesor 22cm -23 cm
• TCP Design
–
50.000.000 EE – 16 cm
– Hormigón 4,8 Mpa Flexotracción
– 10 % losas agrietadas como umbral de diseño
– 2 m x 1.75 m
– Corte delgado sin Sello
– Sin fierros, solo en junta de construcción
– Pines laterales de confinamientos
Ruta 5: km-251
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
83/104
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
84/104
Caso 2: Sodimac (Chile)
CBR 15%
60 cm CBR 40% Plataforma
15 cm Base Granular < 8% finos
350 Camiones Diarios= 10.000.000 EE
30.000 m2
Santiago, Chile
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
85/104
Caso 2: Sodimac
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
86/104
Caso 2: Sodimac
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
87/104
Caso 3: MOP Punta Arenas (Chile)
CBR 10%
12 cm
50 cm CBR 60% Base no heladiza
15 cm Base < 8% finos
Hormigón 4,8 Mpa
1.000.000 Esals
1 km
Case 3: MOP Punta Arenas
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
88/104
Case 3: MOP Punta Arenas
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
89/104
Case 3: MOP Punta Arenas
C A G l
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
90/104
Case 4: Antigua Guatemala
TCP Design
Febrero 2006
80.000.000 EE
BTC con K = 110 Mpa/m
Asfalto 21 cm, Mal estado
Espesor diseño TCP® 17 cm 20 % losas agrietadas
80cm x 180 cm
Corte delgado
Fierros solo juntas de construcción
Pines Laterales 11.07 km
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
91/104
Case 4: Antigua Guatemala 2007
i l
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
92/104
Case 4: Antigua Guatemala 2007
i l
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
93/104
Case 4: Antigua Guatemala 2009
i ( ú)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
94/104
Case 5 Terrapuerto Lima (Perú)
CBR 15% Natural Soil
60 cm CBR 40% Construction Platform
15 cm Granular Base < 8% finos
Traffic 500 buses daily = 10.000.000 EE
30.000 m2
Lima, Peru
C T Li
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
95/104
Case 5 Terrapuerto Lima
BM3 Acceso CA9 Sur (2005)
Guatemala
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
96/104
Guatemala
120.000.000 EE
15 Años Espesor 21 cm
Base: Granular y Asfalto deteriorado
V ldi i
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
97/104
Valdivia•2008•Base Granular
•8 cm and 12 cm Concrete
Etac (Chile)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
98/104
Etac (Chile)
•2008•12 cm concrete•Granular base
Salinas y Fabres 2008
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
99/104
•
50.000 EE•8 cm
Salinas y Fabres 2008
Chile
M t Pt M tt
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
100/104
Megacentro Pto Montt.
•2008
•11 cm•500.000 EE
Pl t L Fi d (Chil )
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
101/104
Planta Los Fiordos (Chile)
•
2007•3.000.000 EE•Base Granular•15 cm
T tt M ll T jill (P ú)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
102/104
Tottus Mall Trujillo (Perú)
•2007•3.000.000 EE•Base Granular•14 cm
Chincha (Perú)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
103/104
Chincha (Perú)
•DC
•2007•Granular Base•4.000.000 Esals•14 cm concrete
Confiperú (Perú)
-
8/18/2019 4 Jeff Roesler - Ensayo Acelerado Losas TCP
104/104
Confiperú (Perú)
•2007•Old concretepavement•3.000.000 Esals•12 cm